android wifi模块分析

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现在对android平台的wifi模块了解了一段时间,现在做一些简要总结,以便以后查阅和与修正,上正文。

【Wifi模块学习流程】

最近研究Wifi模块,查了不少的相关资料,但发现基本上是基于android2.0版本的的分析,而现在研发的android移动平台基本上都是2.3的版本,跟2.0版本的差别,在Wifi模块上也是显而易见的。2.3版本Wifi模块没有了WifiLayer,之前的WifiLayer主要负责一些复杂的Wifi功能,如AP选择等以提供给用户自定义,而新的版本里面的这块内容基本上被WifiSettings所代替

本文就是基于android2.3版本的Wifi分析,主要分为两部分来分别说明:

(a) Wifi的启动流程(有代码供参考分析)

(b) Wifi模块相关文件的解析

(c) Wpa_supplicant解析


【A】wifi的基本运行流程(针对代码而言)

首先给一张我网上down下来的图,针对2.3版本之前的,由于不怎么擅长画这些,大家也就将就点,只要能助理解就可以了

android wifi模块分析_第1张图片

(一)初始化

a.流程

1.在SystemServer启动的时候会生成一个ConnectivityService的实例

2.ConnectivityService的构造函数会创建WifiService

3.WifiStateTracker会创建WifiMonitor接受来自底层的事件,WifiService和WifiMonitor是整个wifi模块的核心,WifiService负责启动和关闭wpa_supplicant,启动和关闭WifiMonitor监视线程和把命令下方给wpa_supplicant,而WifiMonitor则负责从wpa_supplicant接受事件通知

b.代码分析

要想使用Wifi模块,必须首先使能Wifi,当你第一次按下Wifi使能按钮时,WirelessSettings会实例化一个WifiEnabler对象,实例化代码如下:

packages/apps/settings/src/com/android/settings/WirelessSettings.java

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

       super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
……
              CheckBoxPreferencewifi = (CheckBoxPreference) findPreference(KEY_TOGGLE_WIFI);

              mWifiEnabler= new WifiEnabler(this, wifi);
……
}
WifiEnabler类的定义大致如下,它实现了一个监听接口,当WifiEnabler对象被初始化后,它监听到你按键的动作,会调用响应函数 onPreferenceChange(),这个函数会调用WifiManager的setWifiEnabled()函数。
public class WifiEnabler implementsPreference.OnPreferenceChangeListener {

……

public boolean onPreferenceChange(Preference preference,Object value) {

        booleanenable = (Boolean) value;

……

if (mWifiManager.setWifiEnabled(enable)) {
                mCheckBox.setEnabled(false);
……
}

……

}
我们都知道Wifimanager只是个服务代理,所以它会调用WifiService的setWifiEnabled()函数,而这个函数会调用 sendEnableMessage()函数,了解android消息处理机制的都知道,这个函数最终会给自己发送一个 MESSAGE_ENABLE_WIFI的消息,被WifiService里面定义的handlermessage()函数处理,会调用 setWifiEnabledBlocking()函数。下面是调用流程:

mWifiEnabler.onpreferencechange()===>mWifiManage.setWifienabled()===>mWifiService.setWifiEnabled()===>mWifiService.sendEnableMessage()

===>mWifiService.handleMessage()===>mWifiService.setWifiEnabledBlocking().

在setWifiEnabledBlocking()函数中主要做如下工作:加载Wifi驱动,启动wpa_supplicant,注册广播接收器,启动WifiThread监听线程。代码如下:
……

if (enable) {

           if (!mWifiStateTracker.loadDriver()) {

               Slog.e(TAG, "Failed toload Wi-Fi driver.");

               setWifiEnabledState(WIFI_STATE_UNKNOWN, uid);

                return false;

           }

           if (!mWifiStateTracker.startSupplicant()) {

                mWifiStateTracker.unloadDriver();

                Slog.e(TAG, "Failed tostart supplicant daemon.");

               setWifiEnabledState(WIFI_STATE_UNKNOWN, uid);

                return false;

           }

 

           registerForBroadcasts();

           mWifiStateTracker.startEventLoop();

……
至此,Wifi使能(开启)结束,自动进入扫描阶段。


(二)扫描AP

当驱动加载成功后,如果配置文件的AP_SCAN = 1,扫描会自动开始,WifiMonitor将会从supplicant收到一个消息EVENT_DRIVER_STATE_CHANGED,调用 handleDriverEvent(),然后调用mWifiStateTracker.notifyDriverStarted(),该函数向消息队列添加EVENT_DRIVER_STATE_CHANGED,handlermessage()函数处理消息时调用scan()函数,并通过 WifiNative将扫描命令发送到wpa_supplicant。

看代码Frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi/WifiMonitor.java

private void handleDriverEvent(Stringstate) {

           if (state == null) {

                return;

           }

           if (state.equals("STOPPED")) {

               mWifiStateTracker.notifyDriverStopped();

           } else if (state.equals("STARTED")) {

                mWifiStateTracker.notifyDriverStarted();

           } else if (state.equals("HANGED")) {

                mWifiStateTracker.notifyDriverHung();

           }

}
Frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi/WifiStateTracker.java
...
case EVENT_DRIVER_STATE_CHANGED:

                switch(msg.arg1) {

                case DRIVER_STARTED:

                    /**

                     *Set the number of allowed radio channels according

                     *to the system setting, since it gets reset by the

                     *driver upon changing to the STARTED state.

                     */

                    setNumAllowedChannels();

                   synchronized (this) {

                       if (mRunState == RUN_STATE_STARTING) {

                           mRunState = RUN_STATE_RUNNING;

                           if (!mIsScanOnly) {

                                reconnectCommand();

                           } else {

                                // In somesituations, supplicant needs to be kickstarted to

                                // start thebackground scanning

                                scan(true);

                           }

                       }

                    }

                   break;             
...
上面是启动Wifi时,自动进行的AP的扫描,用户当然也可以手动扫描AP,这部分实现在WifiService里面,WifiService通过startScan()接口函数发送扫描命令到supplicant。

看代码:Frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi/WifiStateTracker.java

public boolean startScan(booleanforceActive) {

       enforceChangePermission();

 

       switch (mWifiStateTracker.getSupplicantState()) {

           case DISCONNECTED:

           case INACTIVE:

           case SCANNING:

           case DORMANT:

                break;

           default:

               mWifiStateTracker.setScanResultHandling(

                       WifiStateTracker.SUPPL_SCAN_HANDLING_LIST_ONLY);

                break;

       }

       return mWifiStateTracker.scan(forceActive);

}
然后下面的流程同上面的自动扫描,我们来分析一下手动扫描从哪里开始的。我们应该知道手动扫描是通过菜单键的扫描键来响应的,而响应该动作的应该是 WifiSettings类中Scanner类的handlerMessage()函数,它调用WifiManager的 startScanActive(),这才调用WifiService的startScan()。

如代码:packages/apps/Settings/src/com/android/settings/wifiwifisettings.java

public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {

       menu.add(Menu.NONE, MENU_ID_SCAN, 0, R.string.wifi_menu_scan)

               .setIcon(R.drawable.ic_menu_scan_network);

       menu.add(Menu.NONE, MENU_ID_ADVANCED, 0, R.string.wifi_menu_advanced)

               .setIcon(android.R.drawable.ic_menu_manage);

       return super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);

}
当按下菜单键时,WifiSettings就会调用这个函数绘制菜单。如果选择扫描按钮,WifiSettings会调用onOptionsItemSelected()。

packages/apps/Settings/src/com/android/settings/wifiwifisettings.java

public booleanonOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {

       switch (item.getItemId()) {

           case MENU_ID_SCAN:

                if(mWifiManager.isWifiEnabled()) {

                    mScanner.resume();

                }

                return true;

           case MENU_ID_ADVANCED:

                startActivity(new Intent(this,AdvancedSettings.class));

                return true;

       }

       return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);

}
Handler类:
private class Scanner extends Handler {

       private int mRetry = 0;

       void resume() {

           if (!hasMessages(0)) {

                sendEmptyMessage(0);

           }

       }

       void pause() {

           mRetry = 0;

            mAccessPoints.setProgress(false);

           removeMessages(0);

       }

 
       @Override

       public void handleMessage(Message message) {

           if (mWifiManager.startScanActive()){

                mRetry = 0;

           } else if (++mRetry >= 3) {

                mRetry = 0;

               Toast.makeText(WifiSettings.this, R.string.wifi_fail_to_scan,

                       Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

                return;

           }

           mAccessPoints.setProgress(mRetry != 0);

           sendEmptyMessageDelayed(0, 6000);

       }

}
这里的mWifiManager.startScanActive()就会调用WifiService里的startScan()函数,下面的流程和上面的一样,这里不赘述。

当supplicant完成了这个扫描命令后,它会发送一个消息给上层,提醒他们扫描已经完成,WifiMonitor会接收到这消息,然后再发送给WifiStateTracker。

Frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi/WifiMonitor.java

void handleEvent(int event, String remainder) {

            switch (event) {

                caseDISCONNECTED:

                   handleNetworkStateChange(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.DISCONNECTED,remainder);

                    break;

                case CONNECTED:

                   handleNetworkStateChange(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTED,remainder);

                    break;

                case SCAN_RESULTS:

                    mWifiStateTracker.notifyScanResultsAvailable();

                    break;

                case UNKNOWN:

                    break;

            }

}
WifiStateTracker将会广播SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION消息:

代码如:Frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi/WifiStateTracker.java

public voidhandleMessage(Message msg) {

        Intent intent;

……

case EVENT_SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE:

                if(ActivityManagerNative.isSystemReady()) {

                    mContext.sendBroadcast(new Intent(WifiManager.SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION));

                }

                sendScanResultsAvailable();

                /**

                 * On receiving the first scanresults after connecting to

                 * the supplicant, switch scanmode over to passive.

                 */

                setScanMode(false);

                break;

……

}
由于WifiSettings类注册了intent,能够处理SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION消息,它会调用handleEvent(),调用流程如下所示。

WifiSettings.handleEvent() ====>WifiSettings.updateAccessPoints() ====> mWifiManager.getScanResults()====> mService.getScanResults()====> mWifiStateTracker.scanResults() ====> WifiNative.scanResultsCommand()……
将获取AP列表的命令发送到supplicant,然后supplicant通过Socket发送扫描结果,由上层接收并显示。这和前面的消息获取流程基本相同。


(3)配置,连接AP
当用户选择一个活跃的AP时,WifiSettings响应打开一个对话框来配置AP,比如加密方法和连接AP的验证模式。配置好AP后,WifiService添加或更新网络连接到特定的AP。
代码如:packages/apps/settings/src/com/android/settings/wifi/WifiSetttings.java

public booleanonPreferenceTreeClick(PreferenceScreen screen, Preference preference) {

       if (preference instanceof AccessPoint) {

           mSelected = (AccessPoint) preference;

           showDialog(mSelected, false);

       } else if (preference == mAddNetwork) {

           mSelected = null;

           showDialog(null, true);

       } else if (preference == mNotifyOpenNetworks) {

           Secure.putInt(getContentResolver(),

                   Secure.WIFI_NETWORKS_AVAILABLE_NOTIFICATION_ON,

                   mNotifyOpenNetworks.isChecked() ? 1 : 0);

       } else {

           return super.onPreferenceTreeClick(screen, preference);

       }

       return true;

}
配置好以后,当按下“Connect Press”时,WifiSettings通过发送LIST_NETWORK命令到supplicant来检查该网络是否配置。如果没有该网络或没有配置它,WifiService调用addorUpdateNetwork()函数来添加或更新网络,然后发送命令给supplicant,连接到这个网络。下面是从响应连接按钮到WifiService发送连接命令的代码:

packages/apps/settings/src/com/android/settings/wifi/WifiSetttings.java

public void onClick(DialogInterfacedialogInterface, int button) {

       if (button == WifiDialog.BUTTON_FORGET && mSelected != null) {

           forget(mSelected.networkId);

       } else if (button == WifiDialog.BUTTON_SUBMIT && mDialog !=null) {

           WifiConfiguration config = mDialog.getConfig();

 

           if (config == null) {

                if (mSelected != null&& !requireKeyStore(mSelected.getConfig())) {

                    connect(mSelected.networkId);

                }

           } else if (config.networkId != -1) {

                if (mSelected != null) {

                    mWifiManager.updateNetwork(config);

                    saveNetworks();

                }

           } else {

                int networkId =mWifiManager.addNetwork(config);

                if (networkId != -1) {

                   mWifiManager.enableNetwork(networkId, false);

                    config.networkId =networkId;

                    if (mDialog.edit || requireKeyStore(config)){

                        saveNetworks();

                    } else {

                        connect(networkId);

                    }

                }

           }

       }
}
Frameworks\base\wifi\java\android\net\wifi\WifiManager.java
public intupdateNetwork(WifiConfiguration config) {

        if(config == null || config.networkId < 0) {

           return -1;

        }

        return addOrUpdateNetwork(config);

}

private intaddOrUpdateNetwork(WifiConfiguration config) {

       try {

           return mService.addOrUpdateNetwork(config);

       } catch (RemoteException e) {

           return -1;

       }

}
WifiService.addOrUpdateNetwork()通过调用mWifiStateTracker.setNetworkVariable()将连接命令发送到Wpa_supplicant。


(4)获取IP地址
当连接到supplicant后,WifiMonitor就会通知WifiStateTracker。

代码如:Frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi/WifiMonitor.java

Public void Run(){

if (connectToSupplicant()) {

                // Send a message indicatingthat it is now possible to send commands

                // to the supplicant

                mWifiStateTracker.notifySupplicantConnection();

           } else {

               mWifiStateTracker.notifySupplicantLost();

                return;

           }

……

}
WifiStateTracker发送EVENT_SUPPLICANT_CONNECTION消息到消息队列,这个消息有自己的handlermessage()函数处理,它会启动一个DHCP线程,而这个线程会一直等待一个消息事件,来启动DHCP协议分配IP地址。

frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi/WifiStateTracker.java

void notifySupplicantConnection() {

       sendEmptyMessage(EVENT_SUPPLICANT_CONNECTION);

}

 

public void handleMessage(Message msg) {

       Intent intent;

	switch (msg.what) {

           case EVENT_SUPPLICANT_CONNECTION:

             ……

             HandlerThread dhcpThread = newHandlerThread("DHCP Handler Thread");

                dhcpThread.start();

                mDhcpTarget = newDhcpHandler(dhcpThread.getLooper(), this);
	 ……

	 ……
     
     case EVENT_NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED:

      ……

       configureInterface();

      ……

}}
private void configureInterface() {

       checkPollTimer();

        mLastSignalLevel = -1;

        if(!mUseStaticIp) {          //使用DHCP线程动态IP

            if(!mHaveIpAddress && !mObtainingIpAddress) {

               mObtainingIpAddress = true;

               //发送启动DHCP线程获取IP
                mDhcpTarget.sendEmptyMessage(EVENT_DHCP_START);

            }

        } else {        //使用静态IP,IP信息从mDhcpInfo中获取

            intevent;

            if(NetworkUtils.configureInterface(mInterfaceName, mDhcpInfo)) {

               mHaveIpAddress = true;

               event = EVENT_INTERFACE_CONFIGURATION_SUCCEEDED;

               if (LOCAL_LOGD) Log.v(TAG, "Static IP configurationsucceeded");

            }else {

               mHaveIpAddress = false;

               event = EVENT_INTERFACE_CONFIGURATION_FAILED;

               if (LOCAL_LOGD) Log.v(TAG, "Static IP configuration failed");

            }

           sendEmptyMessage(event);           //发送IP获得成功消息事件

        }

}


当Wpa_supplicant连接到AP后,它会发送一个消息给上层来通知连接成功,WifiMonitor会接受到这个消息并上报给WifiStateTracker。

Frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi/WifiMonitor.java

void handleEvent(int event, String remainder) {

           switch (event) {

               case DISCONNECTED:

                   handleNetworkStateChange(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.DISCONNECTED,remainder);

                   break;

               case CONNECTED:

                   handleNetworkStateChange(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTED,remainder);

                   break;
                ……
	}

 

private void handleNetworkStateChange(NetworkInfo.DetailedState newState, String data) {

        StringBSSID = null;

        intnetworkId = -1;

        if(newState == NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTED) {

           Matcher match = mConnectedEventPattern.matcher(data);

            if(!match.find()) {

               if (Config.LOGD) Log.d(TAG, "Could not find BSSID in CONNECTEDevent string");

            }else {

               BSSID = match.group(1);

               try {

                   networkId = Integer.parseInt(match.group(2));

               } catch (NumberFormatException e) {

                   networkId = -1;

                }

            }

        }

        mWifiStateTracker.notifyStateChange(newState,BSSID, networkId);

}

      

void notifyStateChange(DetailedState newState, StringBSSID, int networkId) {

        Messagemsg = Message.obtain(

           this, EVENT_NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED,

            newNetworkStateChangeResult(newState, BSSID, networkId));

       msg.sendToTarget();

}


DhcpThread获取EVENT_DHCP_START消息事件后,调用handleMessage()函数,启动DHCP获取IP地址的服务。

frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi/WifiStateTracker.java

public void handleMessage(Message msg) {

 intevent;

 switch (msg.what) {

 case EVENT_DHCP_START:

 ……

 Log.d(TAG, "DhcpHandler: DHCP requeststarted");

  

 //启动一个DHCPclient的精灵进程,为mInterfaceName请求分配一个IP地//址

  if (NetworkUtils.runDhcp(mInterfaceName, mDhcpInfo)) {

  event= EVENT_INTERFACE_CONFIGURATION_SUCCEEDED;

   if(LOCAL_LOGD) Log.v(TAG, "DhcpHandler: DHCP request succeeded");

  } else {

   event= EVENT_INTERFACE_CONFIGURATION_FAILED;

   Log.i(TAG,"DhcpHandler: DHCP request failed: " +

   NetworkUtils.getDhcpError());

  }

 ……

 }
}
这里调用了一个NetworkUtils.runDhcp()函数,NetworkUtils类是一个网络服务的辅助类,它主要定义了一些本地接口,这些接口会通过他们的JNI层android_net_NetUtils.cpp文件和DHCP client通信,并获取IP地址。

至此,IP地址获取完毕,Wifi启动流程结束。



待续

(b) Wifi模块相关文件的解析

(c) Wpa_supplicant解析









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