ORACLE的安装和配置

2014-03-31

1.下载oracle databases

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html

2.oracle 10g/11g官方文档

3.oracle开发和管理工具

plsql developer ---window系统

toad for oracle --www.toadworld.com

4.配置yum源

[root@oracle53 ~]# mkdir /share

[root@oracle53 ~]# mkdir /mnt/dvd

[root@oracle53 dvd]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/dvd/

[root@oracle53 dvd]# rpm -ivh Server/vsftpd-2.0.5-21.el5.x86_64.rpm 

[root@oracle53 dvd]# vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf 

=============================

anonymous_enable=YES

anon_upload_enable=YES

anon_root=/share

=================================

[root@oracle53 dvd]# /etc/init.d/vsftpd restart

[root@oracle53 dvd]# cp -r Cluster* /share/

[root@oracle53 dvd]# cp -r Server* /share/

[root@oracle52 share]# yum repolist

[root@oracle52 share]# yum makecache

5.安装oracle

（1）查看系统版本

建议安装oracle 11g,memory >3GB,SWAP=2倍memory

[root@ora243 share]# df -lh

Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda2             9.7G  6.9G  2.4G  75% /

/dev/sda5              43G  180M   41G   1% /u01

/dev/sda1             190M   13M  168M   7% /boot

tmpfs                 1.6G     0  1.6G   0% /dev/shm

[root@ora243 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.7 (Tikanga)

[root@ora243 ~]# uname -r

2.6.18-274.el5

[root@ora243 ~]# uname -a

Linux ora243 2.6.18-274.el5 #1 SMP Mon Jul 25 13:17:49 EDT 2011 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

（2)创建用户和用户组

[root@ora243 ~]# groupadd oinstall

[root@ora243 ~]# groupadd dba

[root@ora243 ~]# groupadd oper

[root@ora243 ~]# groupadd asmadmin

[root@ora243 ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmadmin oracle

##修改用户

[root@oracle53 share]# usermod -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmadmin oracle

##为用户创建密码：

[root@ora243 ~]# echo "oracle"|passwd --stdin oracle

（3）远程调用图形界面

ssh -X [email protected]

(4)解压缩oracle软件包

[root@ora243 share]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip 

[root@ora243 share]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip 

(5)安装oracle数据库用的依赖包

yum install -y oracle-validated.x86_64  ---软件包依赖，系统内核参数，lmits.conf

vim /etc/security/limits.conf

=======================================

# Oracle-Validated setting for nofile soft limit is 131072

oracle   soft   nofile    131072

# Oracle-Validated setting for nofile hard limit is 131072

oracle   hard   nofile    131072

# Oracle-Validated setting for nproc soft limit is 131072

oracle   soft   nproc    131072

# Oracle-Validated setting for nproc hard limit is 131072

oracle   hard   nproc    131072

# Oracle-Validated setting for core soft limit is unlimited

oracle   soft   core    unlimited

# Oracle-Validated setting for core hard limit is unlimited

oracle   hard   core    unlimited

# Oracle-Validated setting for memlock soft limit is 50000000

oracle   soft   memlock    50000000

# Oracle-Validated setting for memlock hard limit is 50000000

oracle   hard   memlock    50000000

==========================================

 [root@ora243 dbs]# /sbin/sysctl -p

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0

net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2

net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

kernel.sysrq = 0

kernel.core_uses_pid = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.msgmni = 2878

kernel.msgmax = 8192

kernel.msgmnb = 65536

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 142

(6)创建目录

[root@ora243 share]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

[root@ora243 share]# chown oracle.oinstall /u01/app/oracle/ -R

(7)指定oracle环境变量

vim /home/oracle/.bash_proflie

============================

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/11.2.0/db_1

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export PATH

============================= 

[oracle@oracle52 share]# source /home/oracle/.bash_profile 

##验证环境变量生效

[oracle@ora243 ~]$ export |grep ORACLE_SID

declare -x ORACLE_SID="orcl"

[oracle@ora243 ~]$ export |grep ORACLE_BASE

declare -x ORACLE_BASE="/u01/app/oracle"

[oracle@ora243 ~]$ export |grep ORACLE_HOME

declare -x ORACLE_HOME="/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0/db_1"

(8)安装

切换到创建用户：su - oracle

切换到安装目录：cd /share/database

[oracle@oracle52 database]$ ./runInstaller 

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB.   Actual 16305 MB    Passed

Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 8189 MB    Passed

 Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors

            >>> Could not execute auto check for display colors using command /usr/bin/xdpyinfo. Check if the DISPLAY variable is set.    Failed <<<<

解决方法：

退出root用户，使用oracle用户登录ssh -X [email protected]。

安装过程create invntory报错：

[INS-32031]Invalid inventory location

[INS-32033]Central Inventory location is not vritable

[root@oracle52 database]# chown -R oracle.oinstall /usr/app/ -R

(8) 多次安装需要修改的地方        

vim /etc/sysctl.conf

sysctl -p  --生效

（9）修改主机名,否则会出现网络错误

vim /etc/hosts

====================

10.10.54.53  oracle53

=====================

(10)oracle依赖包关系

(11)oracle卸载

cd /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/deinstall 

./deinstall

6.sqlplus实现历史命令切换

（1）安装

Term-ReadLine-Gnu-1.16.tar.gz

IO-Tty-1.07.tar.gz  

uniread-1.01.tar.gz（uniread最后安装）

（2）解压缩并安装

[root@oracle53 Term-ReadLine-Gnu-1.16]# vim INSTALL 

=====================================================

 % perl Makefile.PL [--prefix=...] [--includedir=...] [--libdir=...]

        % make

        % make test

        % make install

===========================================

perl Makefile.PL && make && make install 

（3）修改环境变量

 su - oracle

[oracle@oracle53 ~]$ vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile 

=========================

alias sql="/usr/bin/uniread sqlplus"

alias rman="/usr/bin/uniread rman"

========================

source .bash_profile  ---生效环境变量

which sql/rman  --验证

7.解锁scott/tiger用户

connect scott/tiger;

##查看状态

SQL> select username,ACCOUNT_STATUS from dba_users where username='SCOTT' 

  2  ;

USERNAME       ACCOUNT_STATUS

------------------------------ --------------------------------

SCOTT       EXPIRED & LOCKED

##解锁SCOTT

SQL> conn sys/oracle as sysdba  --系统用户登录

SQL> startup                    --启动数据库

SQL> alter user scott account unlock;

SQL> alter user scott identified by tiger;

##授权

SQL> grant connect,resource,unlimited tablespace to scott;

SQL> connect scott/tiger;

##重新定义格式

SQL> col object_name for a30;

##查看

SQL> select object_name,object_type from user_objects;

OBJECT_NAME       OBJECT_TYPE

------------------------------ -------------------

SALGRADE       TABLE

BONUS       TABLE

PK_EMP       INDEX

EMP       TABLE

DEPT       TABLE

PK_DEPT                        INDEX

------------------------------------------------

##解锁HR

SQL> conn sys/oracle as sysdba  --系统用户登录

SQL> startup                    --启动数据库

SQL> alter user hr account unlock;

SQL> alter user hr identified by hr;

SQL> grant connect,resource,unlimited tablespace to hr;

##创建数据库--要用oracle用户登录

[oracle@oracle53 ~]$ dbca

DISPLAY not set.

Set DISPLAY environment variable, then re-run.

[oracle@oracle53 ~]$ export DISPLAY=10.10.54.53:1.0

##查看所创建数据库

SQL> select name,log_mode,created,open_mode from v$database;

NAME  LOG_MODE     CREATED OPEN_MODE

--------- ------------ --------- --------------------

SHIWEI  NOARCHIVELOG 31-MAR-14 READ WRITE

#系统用户登录

[oracle@oracle53 ~]$ sql / as sysdba;