Oracle技术之DATA GUARD手工管理数据文件
一般情况下，会采用自动管理standby数据库文件文件的方式，但是有时候会采用手工方式管理，比如standby数据库使用裸设备的情况。
看一个例子：
SQL> select name, open_mode, database_role, db_unique_name
2 from v$database;
NAME OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE DB_UNIQUE_NAME
------------------------------ ---------- ---------------- ------------------------------
PRIMARY READ WRITE PRIMARY primary
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
----------------------------------------
/data/oradata/primary/system01.dbf
/data/oradata/primary/undotbs01.dbf
/data/oradata/primary/sysaux01.dbf
/data/oradata/primary/users01.dbf
/data/oradata/primary/test01.dbf
检查standby数据库文件信息：
SQL> select name, open_mode, database_role, db_unique_name
2 from v$database;
NAME OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE DB_UNIQUE_NAME
------------------------------ ---------- ---------------- ------------------------------
PRIMARY MOUNTED PHYSICAL STANDBY standby
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
-----------------------------------
/data/oradata/standby/system01.dbf
/data/oradata/standby/undotbs01.dbf
/data/oradata/standby/sysaux01.dbf
/data/oradata/standby/users01.dbf
/data/oradata/standby/test01.dbf
SQL> show parameter standby_file
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------- ----------- ------------------------------
standby_file_management string AUTO
SQL> show parameter convert
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------- ----------- ------------------------------
db_file_name_convert string /data/oradata/primary, /data/oradata/standby
log_file_name_convert string /data/oradata/primary, /data/oradata/standby
虽然主库和备库的文件路径不一致，但是standby数据库配置了file_name_convert参数，Oracle可以根据主库的名称自动创建备库的数据文件：
SQL> create tablespace new
2 datafile '/data/oradata/primary/new01.dbf'
3 size100m;
Tablespace created.
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
检查备库的数据文件添加情况：
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
----------------------------------------
/data/oradata/standby/system01.dbf
/data/oradata/standby/undotbs01.dbf
/data/oradata/standby/sysaux01.dbf
/data/oradata/standby/users01.dbf
/data/oradata/standby/test01.dbf
/data/oradata/standby/new01.dbf
6 rows selected.
下面将standby数据库的数据文件管理设置手工状态：
SQL> alter system set standby_file_management = manual;
System altered.
这时主库增加新的数据文件：
SQL> alter tablespace new
2 add datafile '/data/oradata/primary/new02.dbf'
3 size100m;
Tablespace altered.
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
检查standby数据库的数据文件信息：
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------
/data/oradata/standby/system01.dbf
/data/oradata/standby/undotbs01.dbf
/data/oradata/standby/sysaux01.dbf
/data/oradata/standby/users01.dbf
/data/oradata/standby/test01.dbf
/data/oradata/standby/new01.dbf
/opt/ora10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/UNNAMED00007
7 rows selected.
检查alert文件可以看到：
Fri Dec 24 05:34:35 2010
RFS[6]: Archived Log: '/data/oradata/standby/archivelog/1_15_737020478.dbf'
Primary database is in MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE mode
RFS[6]: No standby redo logfiles created
Fri Dec 24 05:34:35 2010
Media Recovery Log /data/oradata/standby/archivelog/1_15_737020478.dbf
Recovery created file /data/oradata/standby/new01.dbf
Successfully added datafile 6 to media recovery
Datafile #6: '/data/oradata/standby/new01.dbf'
Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 16 (in transit)
Fri Dec 24 05:35:26 2010
ALTER SYSTEM SET standby_file_management='MANUAL' SCOPE=MEMORY;
Fri Dec 24 05:36:16 2010
RFS[6]: Archived Log: '/data/oradata/standby/archivelog/1_16_737020478.dbf'
Primary database is in MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE mode
RFS[6]: No standby redo logfiles created
Fri Dec 24 05:36:16 2010
Media Recovery Log /data/oradata/standby/archivelog/1_16_737020478.dbf
File #7 added to control file as 'UNNAMED00007' because
the parameter STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT is set to MANUAL
The file should be manually created to continue.
Errors with log /data/oradata/standby/archivelog/1_16_737020478.dbf
MRP0: Background Media Recovery terminated with error 1274
Fri Dec 24 05:36:16 2010
Errors in file /opt/ora10g/admin/standby/bdump/standby_mrp0_17670.trc:
ORA-01274: cannot add datafile '/data/oradata/primary/new02.dbf' - file could not be created
Some recovered datafiles maybe left media fuzzy
Media recovery may continue but open resetlogs may fail
Fri Dec 24 05:36:17 2010
Errors in file /opt/ora10g/admin/standby/bdump/standby_mrp0_17670.trc:
ORA-01274: cannot add datafile '/data/oradata/primary/new02.dbf' - file could not be created
Fri Dec 24 05:36:17 2010
MRP0: Background Media Recovery process shutdown (standby)
可以看到，由于需要手工介入创建数据文件，Oracle自动停止了恢复过程。
下面通过手工方式添加新的数据文件：
SQL> alter database create datafile
2 '/opt/ora10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/UNNAMED00007'
3 as '/data/oradata/standby/new02.db';
Database altered.
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------
/data/oradata/standby/system01.dbf
/data/oradata/standby/undotbs01.dbf
/data/oradata/standby/sysaux01.dbf
/data/oradata/standby/users01.dbf
/data/oradata/standby/test01.dbf
/data/oradata/standby/new01.dbf
/data/oradata/standby/new02.db
7 rows selected.
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
启动standby数据库的恢复：
Fri Dec 24 05:49:16 2010
alter database create datafile
'/opt/ora10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/UNNAMED00007'
as '/data/oradata/standby/new02.db'
Fri Dec 24 05:49:17 2010
Completed: alter database create datafile
'/opt/ora10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/UNNAMED00007'
as '/data/oradata/standby/new02.db'
Fri Dec 24 05:51:22 2010
alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session
Fri Dec 24 05:51:22 2010
Attempt to start background Managed Standby Recovery process (standby)
MRP0 started with pid=18, OS id=22218
Fri Dec 24 05:51:22 2010
MRP0: Background Managed Standby Recovery process started (standby)
Managed Standby Recovery not using Real Time Apply
parallel recovery started with 7 processes
Media Recovery Log /data/oradata/standby/archivelog/1_16_737020478.dbf
Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 17 (in transit)
Fri Dec 24 05:51:28 2010
Completed: alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session
从日志中可以看到，STANDBY恢复正常。
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