oracle管理之ASM

OracleASM管理

Autostoragemanagement自动存储管理,它是oracle10g的新增功能,它将日益复杂的存储管理变得简单。它使的添加删除磁盘变得简单,并且动态调整i/o,通过设置故障组可以更好的保护数据安全。

ASM体系结构,它是通过一个ASM实例来管理磁盘组。

安装ASMlib

首先到官网下载ASMlib所需软件

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/linux/downloads/rhel5-084877.html

支持和库文件可以直接下载,内核文件,可以uname-a然后下载

174019320.pnglrpm-Uvhoracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el5.i386.rpm

rpm-Uvhoracleasm-2.6.18-164.el5xen-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm

Rpm-Uvhoracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.i386.rpm

配置asm服务

安装完毕开始配置asm服务,这里先创建好所需用户oracle和组dba

[root@localhost~]#/etc/init.d/oracleasmconfigure

ConfiguringtheOracleASMlibrarydriver.

Thiswillconfiguretheon-bootpropertiesoftheOracleASMlibrary

driver.Thefollowingquestionswilldeterminewhetherthedriveris

loadedonbootandwhatpermissionsitwillhave.Thecurrentvalues

willbeshowninbrackets('[]').Hitting<ENTER>withouttypingan

answerwillkeepthatcurrentvalue.Ctrl-Cwillabort.

Defaultusertoownthedriverinterface[]:oracle

Defaultgrouptoownthedriverinterface[]:dba

StartOracleASMlibrarydriveronboot(y/n)[n]:y

ScanforOracleASMdisksonboot(y/n)[y]:y

WritingOracleASMlibrarydriverconfiguration:done

InitializingtheOracleASMLibdriver:[OK]

[root@localhost~]#/etc/init.d/oracleasmdisable卸载

[root@localhost~]#/etc/init.d/oracleasmenable加载

配置ASM磁盘

先分别创建新分区,然后创建asm磁盘磁盘名称大写

Fdisk/dev/sdb

/etc/init.d/oracleasmcreatediskVOL1/dev/sdb1

/etc/init.d/oracleasmcreatediskVOL2/dev/sdc1

/etc/init.d/oracleasmcreatediskVOL3/dev/sdd1

/etc/init.d/oracleasmcreatediskVOL3/dev/sde1

/etc/init.d/oracleasmlistdisk列出磁盘

创建asm实例

ASM实例创建步骤:

1、创建初始化文件

#vi$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init+ASM.ora参数文件添加7行语句

174037824.png

2、创建密码文件

$orapwdfile=orapwd+ASMpassword=dba

3、创建目录结构

$mkdir-p$ORACLE_HOME/+ASM/udump

$mkdir-p$ORACLE_HOME/+ASM/bdump

$mkdir-p$ORACLE_HOME/+ASM/cdump

4、启动实例

$exportORACLE_SID=+ASM启动实例

5、创建spfile文件,重新启动

$sqlplus/assysdba

Sql>startup

Ora-15110:Nodiskgroupmounted.

Sql>createspfilefrompfile;

Sql>shutdownimmediate;

Sql>startup;

6.创建磁盘组

Sql>creatediskgroupdgroup1normalredundancy

failgroupfgroup1diskORCL:VOL1,ORCL:VOL2

failgroupfgroup2diskORCL:VOL3,ORCL:VOL4;

Diskgroupcreated.

Sql>selectname,statefromv$asm_diskgroup;

Namestate

------------------------------------------

DGROUP1MOUNTED

SQL>alterdiskgroupdgroup1mount;也可以手工挂载

数据库使用磁盘组

按照正常步骤完成oracle数据的创建,然后通过dbca启动创建数据库实例,在存储一项中选择asm,然后选择我们建立的磁盘组完成安装完成即可。

174054289.png

启动asm数据库

启动asm数据库,必须先启动asm实例,然后启动数据库实例

首先启动ASM实例

exportORACLE_SID=+ASM

$sqlplus/assysdba

SQL>startup

ASMdiskgroupmounted;

Sql>exit

然后启动数据

exportORACLE_SID=ipap

$sqlplus/assysdba

SQL>startup

Databasemounted;

Databaseopen;

ASM环境添加磁盘

Fdisk/dev/sdf创建新分区

/etc/init.d/oracleasmcreatediskVOL5/dev/sdf1

/etc/init.d/oracleasmcreatediskVOL6/dev/sdg1

exportORACLE_SID=+ASM

$sqlplus/assysdba

Sql>select*fromv$asm_disk;

6rowselected.

Sql>alterdiskgroupdgroup1add

failgroupfgroup1diskORCL:VOL5

failgroupfgroup2diskORCL:VOL6;

Diskgroupaltered.

sql>descv$asm_operation;

Sql>selectgroup_number,opera,stat,est_work,sofar,est_rate,est_minutesfromv$asm_operation;

刷新数据就不断变化,最后发现没有行被选择,说明磁盘被分配完毕

174113700.png

查看磁盘大小,看到空间增大

174129446.png进行ASM环境的验证

exportORACLE_SID=ipap

$sqlplus/assysdba

SQL>startup

Sql>createtablespacetestdatafile+DGROUP1size200M;

Sql>createuserasmuseridentifiedbypassworddefaulttablespacetest;

Sql>grantconnect,resourcetoasmuser;

Sql>connasmuser/password

Sql>createtablet(idint,namevachar2(23));

Tablecreated

ASM删除磁盘

exportORACLE_SID=+ASM

$sqlplus/assysdba

Sql>alterdiskgroupdgroup1dropdiskVOL4;

Diskgroupaltered.

Sql>selectgroup_number,opera,stat,est_work,sofar,est_rate,est_minutesfromv$asm_operation;

174144444.png

Sql>alterdiskgroupdgroup1rebalance;

norowselected时,完成磁盘分配工作,也可以进行平衡。

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