DNS服务（bind9）配置过程(经典)

安装环境：redhat5　　bind-9.2.6.tar.gz
卸载原来系统自带的bind服务 

CODE: # rpm -qa|grep bind bind-libs-9.3.1-4 bind-utils-9.3.1-4 # rpm -e --nodeps bind*

一、安装BIND

1、准备工作

下载稳定的BIND服务器进行安装，下载地址：www.isc.org
wget http://ftp.isc.org/isc/bind9/9.2.6/bind-9.2.6.tar.gz

安装gcc
2 、编译安装BIND

CODE: #tar zxvf bind-9.2.6.tar.gz #cd bind-9.2.6 #./configure -sysconfdir=/etc/bind #make #makeinstall

配置BIND

二、配置根服务器

1、修改配置文件

CODE: # vi /etc/bind/named.conf options { directory "/var/bind"; }; zone "." { type hint; file "named.ca"; };

2、建立工作目录
#mkdir /var/bind

3、查询根DNS服务器

CODE: # dig -t NS . ; <<>> DiG 9.2.6 <<>> -t NS . ;; global options: printcmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 28940 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 13, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;. IN NS ;; ANSWER SECTION: . 139616 IN NS G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 139616 IN NS H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 139616 IN NS I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 139616 IN NS J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 139616 IN NS K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 139616 IN NS L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 139616 IN NS M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 139616 IN NS A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 139616 IN NS B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 139616 IN NS C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 139616 IN NS D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 139616 IN NS E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 139616 IN NS F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 485712 IN A 192.58.128.30 ;; Query time: 51 msec ;; SERVER: 172.xx.xx.11#53(172.xx.xx.11) ;; WHEN: Tue Feb 14 01:55:39 2006 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 244 # #echo "nameserver 192.58.128.30" >/etc/resolv.conf #

4、将跟记录加入到/etc/resolv.conf文件中

#echo "nameserver 192.58.128.30" >/etc/resolv.conf

5、将跟服务器的信息导入到/var/bind/named.ca文件中
 

CODE: #dig -t NS . >/var/bind/named.ca #cat /var/bind/named.ca ; <<>> DiG 9.2.6 <<>> -t NS . ;; global options: printcmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 16471 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 13, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 13 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;. IN NS ;; ANSWER SECTION: . 517472 IN NS M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 517472 IN NS A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 517472 IN NS B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 517472 IN NS C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 517472 IN NS D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 517472 IN NS E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 517472 IN NS F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 517472 IN NS G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 517472 IN NS H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 517472 IN NS I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 517472 IN NS J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 517472 IN NS K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 517472 IN NS L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 603872 IN A 198.41.0.4 B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 603872 IN A 192.228.79.201 C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 603872 IN A 192.33.4.12 D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 603872 IN A 128.8.10.90 E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 603872 IN A 192.203.230.10 F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 603872 IN A 192.5.5.241 G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 603872 IN A 192.112.36.4 H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 603872 IN A 128.63.2.53 I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 603872 IN A 192.36.148.17 J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 603872 IN A 192.58.128.30 K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 603872 IN A 193.0.14.129 L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 603872 IN A 198.32.64.12 M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 603872 IN A 202.12.27.33 ;; Query time: 478 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1) ;; WHEN: Tue Feb 14 12:21:35 2006 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 436

6、配置rndc
 

CODE: #rndc-confgen >/etc/bind/rndc.conf # cat -n /etc/bind/rndc.conf 1 # Start of rndc.conf 2 key "rndc-key" { 3 algorithm hmac-md5; 4 secret "OJuPxS0u/5tJ71W8ypj4fA=="; 5 }; 6 7 options { 8 default-key "rndc-key"; 9 default-server 127.0.0.1; 10 default-port 953; 11 }; 12 # End of rndc.conf 13 14 # Use with the following in named.conf, adjusting the allow list as needed: 15 # key "rndc-key" { 16 # algorithm hmac-md5; 17 # secret "OJuPxS0u/5tJ71W8ypj4fA=="; 18 # }; 19 # 20 # controls { 21 # inet 127.0.0.1 port 953 22 # allow { 127.0.0.1; } keys { "rndc-key"; }; 23 # }; 24 # End of named.conf #

7、将rndc中的部分记录导入到/etc/bind/named.conf文件中，并修改/etc/bind/named.conf，将导入的配置前面的注释去掉。

#tail +13 /etc/bind/rndc.conf>>/etc/bind/named.conf

8、检查并重新启动named服务，查看日志文件并检查rndc访问状态
 

CODE: #ps -axu|grep named #killall named #ps -axu|grep named #named #ps -axu|grep named #tail /var/log/messages #rndc status number of zones: 2 debug level: 0 xfers running: 0 xfers deferred: 0 soa queries in progress: 0 query logging is OFF server is up and running #

9、修改/etc/bind/named.conf，并使用host命令测试
 

CODE: #echo “nameserver 127.0.0.1”>/etc/bind/named.conf # host www.cisco.com www.cisco.com has address 198.133.219.25

三、配置localhost区域

（一）、配置localhost的正向区域

1、修改/etc/bind/named.conf，插入如下内容
 

CODE: zone "localhost" { type master; file "db.local"; };

2、配置/var/bind/db.local;
 

CODE: $TTL 900 @ IN SOA localhost. root ( 2006021401 ;serial number 1H ;refresh 15M ;retry 1W ;expire 1D ) ;TTL IN NS @ IN A 127.0.0.1

3、测试
 

CODE: # rndc reload # host localhost # host localhost # dig localhost # dig -t NS localhost # dig -t A localhost # rndc reload # host localhost localhost has address 127.0.0.1 # dig localhost ; <<>> DiG 9.2.6 <<>> localhost ;; global options: printcmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 27414 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;localhost. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: localhost. 86400 IN A 127.0.0.1 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: localhost. 86400 IN NS localhost. ;; Query time: 52 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1) ;; WHEN: Tue Feb 14 13:06:21 2006 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 57 # dig -t NS localhost ; <<>> DiG 9.2.6 <<>> -t NS localhost ;; global options: printcmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 13067 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;localhost. IN NS ;; ANSWER SECTION: localhost. 86400 IN NS localhost. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: localhost. 86400 IN A 127.0.0.1 ;; Query time: 44 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1) ;; WHEN: Tue Feb 14 13:07:54 2006 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 57 # dig -t A localhost ; <<>> DiG 9.2.6 <<>> -t A localhost ;; global options: printcmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 31098 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;localhost. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: localhost. 86400 IN A 127.0.0.1 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: localhost. 86400 IN NS localhost. ;; Query time: 42 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1) ;; WHEN: Tue Feb 14 13:08:00 2006 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 57 #

（二）、配置127.0.0的反向区域

1、修改/etc/bind/named.conf，添加如下内容
 

CODE: zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "127.0.0.zone"; };

2、创建/var/bind/127.0.0.zone，添加如下内容
 

CODE: $TTL 900 @ IN SOA @ root.localhost. ( 20060214 1H 15M 1W 1D ) IN NS localhost. 1 IN PTR localhost.

3、重新启动rndc访问，并测试
 

CODE: # rndc reload #host 127.0.0.1 1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer localhost. # dig -x 127.0.0.1 ; <<>> DiG 9.2.6 <<>> -x 127.0.0.1 ;; global options: printcmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 5834 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR ;; ANSWER SECTION: 1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN PTR localhost. ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN NS localhost. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: localhost. 86400 IN A 127.0.0.1 ;; Query time: 73 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1) ;; WHEN: Tue Feb 14 15:47:31 2006 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 93 #

×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

四、配置zhoullj.com区域

（一）、配置zhoullj.com区域

1、配置/etc/bind/named.conf文件，加入如下内容
 

CODE: zone "zhoulj.com" { type master; file " db.zhoulj.com "; };

2、配置/var/bind/ db.zhoulj.com
 

CODE: $TTL 900 @ IN SOA zhoulj.com. root ( 2006021401 ;serial number 1H ;refresh 15M ;retry 1W ;expire 1D ) ;TTL IN NS @ IN MX 10 mail IN A 172.17.1.172 ns IN A 172.17.1.172 www IN A 172.17.1.201 mail IN A 172.17.1.1 ftp IN A 172.17.1.201 news IN CNAME www

3、重新启动rndc服务进行测试
 

CODE: # rndc reload # host -t A zhoulj.com zhoulj.com has address 172.17.1.172 # host -t A zhoulj.com zhoulj.com has address 172.17.1.172 # host -t NS zhoulj.com zhoulj.com name server zhoulj.com.

（二）、增加的反向区域

1、修改/etc/bind/named.conf，添加如下内容
 

CODE: zone "1.17.172.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "db.172.17.1 "; };

2、创建/var/bind/db.172.17.1，添加如下内容
 

CODE: $TTL 900 @ IN SOA zhoulj.com root.zhoulj.com. ( 2006022301 1H 15M 1W 1D ) IN NS zhoulj.com. 201 IN PTR www.zhoulj.com. 1 IN PTR mail.zhoulj.com. 202 IN PTR ftp.zhoulj.com.

3、重新启动rndc访问，并测试
 

CODE: # rndc reload [root@localhost named]# host 172.17.1.201 201.1.17.172.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer www.zhoulj.com. 201.1.17.172.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer ftp.zhoulj.com. [root@localhost named]# host 172.17.1.1 1.1.17.172.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer mail.zhoulj.com. [root@localhost named]# dig -x 172.17.1.201 ; <<>> DiG 9.2.6 <<>> -x 172.17.1.201 ;; global options: printcmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 25538 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;201.1.17.172.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR ;; ANSWER SECTION: 201.1.17.172.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN PTR www.zhoulj.com. 201.1.17.172.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN PTR ftp.zhoulj.com. ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: 1.17.172.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN NS zhoulj.com. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: zhoulj.com. 86400 IN A 172.17.1.172 ;; Query time: 67 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1) ;; WHEN: Tue Feb 14 18:15:20 2006 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 119

五、建立授权子域

1、修改/var/bind/zhoulj.com.db，添加如下内容
 

CODE: domain IN NS ns.domain ns.domain IN A 172.17.1.171

重启动rndc服务
 

CODE: #rndc reload

2、安装一台子域服务器，安装BIND服务器后，配置根域等（前面和主域服务器的内容基本一致），配置子域服务器上的/etc/bind/named.conf配置文件，添加一个子域，内容如下内容
 

CODE: zone "domain.zhoulj.com" { type master; file "domain.zhoulj.com.db"; };

3、编辑子域里面的/var/bind/ domain.zhoulj.com.db
 

CODE: $TTL 900 @ IN SOA zhoulj.com. root ( 2006021502 ;serial 36000 ;1hour 7500 ;15M 3600000 ; 86400 ) ;TTL IN NS ns ns IN A 172.17.1.171 www IN A 172.16.17.2

4、重启动服务，测试分别在主域的服务器和子域服务器上测试，分别在子域控制
 

CODE: #rndc reload # host www.domain.zhoulj.com www.domain.zhoulj.com has address 172.16.17.2

六、DNS访问的安全控制

1、修改配置文件/etc/bind/named.conf，在options 中加入pid文件的目录
 

CODE: options { directory "/var/bind"; pid-file "/var/run/bind/named.pid"; };

2、建立named用户，建立bind的pid文件的目，并更改权限为named用户所有
 

CODE: # useradd -s /bin/false -d /dev/null named # id named uid=501(named) gid=501(named) groups=501(named) # chown named.named /var/run/bind # chmod 700 /var/run/bind

3、重启named服务
 

CODE: # killall -9 named # named -u named # tail /var/log/messages # ps -axu|grep named

4、添加到系统服务中，使其跟服务器同时启动
 

CODE: # which named /usr/local/sbin/named # echo "/usr/local/sbin/named -u named" >> /etc/ rc.local

七、DNS高级控制

1、建立访问控制列表

修改配置文件/etc/bind/named.conf，在options 前面加入acl规则，语法如下：
 

CODE: acl our-nets { 10.140.0.0/16; };

2、允许acl中的IP地址进行递归查询

修改配置文件/etc/bind/named.conf，在options{ };中加入允许查询的规则，语法如下：
 

CODE: allow-recursion { our-nets; };

用host和nslookup进行测试

3、允许acl中的IP地址进行查询

修改配置文件/etc/bind/named.conf，在options{ };中加入允许查询的规则，语法如下：
 

CODE: allow-recursion { our-nets; };

用host和nslookup进行测试

八、配置辅助域名服务器

1、配置辅助域名服务器的配置文件/etc/bind/named.conf，前面和主域名服务器是相同的，加入如下内容:
 

CODE: zone "zhoulj.com" { type slave; file "zhoulj.com.db.slave"; masters { 172.17.1.172; }; };

2、更改/var/bind目录的权限，让named组可以写，这一点很重要，如果不可以写，辅助域的文件不能建立。
 

CODE: # chgrp -R named named/ # chmod g+w /var/bind/

3、进行测试

停掉主dns服务器，查看备份dns是否能够正常工作，

可以查看/var/log/messages文件，检查备份服务器的状态。

4、允许特定的备份服务器进行dns备份工作，在/etc/bind/named.conf里面添加下面内容：
 

CODE: //allow slave DNS server to back up. allow-transfer { any; };

any参数允许所有的机器进行备份，把any可以换成特定的IP地址。