CCNA--LAB-11:配置单臂路由(企业经典案例)

CCNA--LAB-11:配置单臂路由(企业经典案例)

什么是单臂路由 : 为什么要用到单臂路由。 VLAN （虚拟局域网）技术是路由交换中非常基础的技术。在网络管理实践中，通过在交换机上划分适当数目的 vlan ，不仅能有效隔离广播风暴，还能提高网络安全系数及网络带宽的利用效率。划分 vlan 之后， vlan 与 vlan 之间是不能通信的， 要想使不同 VLAN 里的主机互访就得使用 VLAN 间路由技术。在考虑成本的情况下我们一般选择单臂路由，单臂路由需要一台交换机和一台路由器来共同实现。     拓扑如下：   实验目的：接口信息以及 IP 地址规划如拓扑所示， PC1 ―― PC3 分别属于 VLAN1 ―― VLAN3 ， 运用单臂路由与 NAT 的结合， 最终使得用户之间能够互相访问，使企业内部全部能够访问因特网。     具体配置：   R1：   Router> Router>en Router#conf t Router(config)#hostname R1 R1(config)#interface f0/0 R1(config-if)#no sh      --首先把物理接口激活，其它子接口就不用再激活 R1(config)#interface f0/0.1    --进入子接口模式 R1(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 1     --对VLAN1进行封装DOT1Q R1(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0 R1(config-subif)#exit R1(config)#interface f0/0.2     --进入子接口模式 R1(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 2     --对VLAN2进行封装DOT1Q R1(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0 R1(config-subif)#exit R1(config)#interface f0/0.3     --进入子接口模式 R1(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 3     --对VLAN3进行封装DOT1Q R1(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.3.254 255.255.255.0 R1(config-subif)#exit R1(config)#interface f0/1 R1(config-if)#ip address 218.87.18.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#no sh R1(config-if)#exit R1(config)#access-list 1 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255     --定义允许的流量 R1(config)#access-list 1 permit 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 R1(config)#access-list 1 permit 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 R1(config)#ip nat inside source list 1 interface f0/1 overload --定义符合访问控制列表1的流量向F0/1口转发 R1(config)#interface f0/0.1 R1(config-subif)#ip nat inside   --定义内部接口 R1(config-subif)#interface f0/0.2 R1(config-subif)#ip nat inside R1(config-subif)#interface f0/0.3 R1(config-subif)#ip nat inside R1(config-subif)#exit R1(config-if)#interface f0/1 R1(config-if)#ip nat outside    --定义外部接口 R1(config-if)#exit R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 218.87.18.2    --默认路由指向ISP R1(config-if)#end R1#         SW1：   Switch> Switch>en Switch#conf t Switch(config)#hostname SW1 SW1(config)#vlan 2     --创建VLAN2 SW1(config-vlan)#exit SW1(config)#vlan 3     --创建VLAN3 SW1(config-vlan)#exit SW1(config)#interface f0/2 SW1(config-if)#switchport mode access     --端口模式为ACCESS SW1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 2    --把当前端口加入到VLAN2 SW1(config-if)#no sh SW1(config-if)#exit SW1(config)#interface f0/3 SW1(config-if)#switchport mode access     --端口模式为ACCESS SW1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 3    --把当前端口加入到VLAN3 SW1(config-if)#exit SW1(config)#interface f0/24 SW1(config)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q    --把接口封装为DOT1Q SW1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk      --接口模式为TRUNK（中继） SW1(config-if)#no sh SW1(config-if)#end SW1#     ISP:   Router> Router>en Router#conf t Router(config)#hostname ISP ISP(config)#interface f0/1 ISP(config-if)#ip address 218.87.18.2 255.255.255.0 ISP(config-if)#no sh ISP(config-if)#end ISP#       3台PC上分别做验证：   PC1:   PC>ipconfig   IP Address......................: 192.168.1.1 Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway.................: 192.168.1.254     PC>ping 218.87.18.2   Pinging 218.87.18.2 with 32 bytes of data:   Reply from 218.87.18.2: bytes=32 time=73ms TTL=254 Reply from 218.87.18.2: bytes=32 time=112ms TTL=254 Reply from 218.87.18.2: bytes=32 time=52ms TTL=254 Reply from 218.87.18.2: bytes=32 time=70ms TTL=254   Ping statistics for 218.87.18.2:     Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:     Minimum = 52ms, Maximum = 112ms, Average = 76ms   PC>   PC>ping 192.168.2.1 Pinging 192.168.2.1 with 32 bytes of data:   Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=73ms TTL=254 Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=112ms TTL=254 Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=52ms TTL=254 Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=70ms TTL=254   Ping statistics for 192.168.2.1:     Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:     Minimum = 52ms, Maximum = 112ms, Average = 76ms   PC> PC>ping 192.168.3.1   Pinging 192.1683.1 with 32 bytes of data:   Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=73ms TTL=254 Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=112ms TTL=254 Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=52ms TTL=254 Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=70ms TTL=254   Ping statistics for 192.168.3.1:     Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:     Minimum = 52ms, Maximum = 112ms, Average = 76ms   PC> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   PC2:   PC>ipconfig   IP Address......................: 192.168.2.1 Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway.................: 192.168.2.254   PC>ping 218.87.18.2   Pinging 218.87.18.2 with 32 bytes of data:   Reply from 218.87.18.2: bytes=32 time=39ms TTL=254 Reply from 218.87.18.2: bytes=32 time=44ms TTL=254 Reply from 218.87.18.2: bytes=32 time=58ms TTL=254 Reply from 218.87.18.2: bytes=32 time=29ms TTL=254   Ping statistics for 218.87.18.2:     Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:     Minimum = 29ms, Maximum = 58ms, Average = 42ms   PC>     -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   PC3:   PC>ipconfig   IP Address......................: 192.168.3.1 Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway.................: 192.168.3.254   PC>ping 218.87.18.2   Pinging 218.87.18.2 with 32 bytes of data:   Reply from 218.87.18.2: bytes=32 time=83ms TTL=254 Reply from 218.87.18.2: bytes=32 time=71ms TTL=254 Reply from 218.87.18.2: bytes=32 time=42ms TTL=254 Reply from 218.87.18.2: bytes=32 time=44ms TTL=254   Ping statistics for 218.87.18.2:     Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:     Minimum = 42ms, Maximum = 83ms, Average = 60ms   PC>     总结：   本实验与实际中小企业网络非常相似，部署单臂路由既节省了成本，又提高了工作效率.