用Qemu模拟vexpress-a9 （三）--- 实现用u-boot引导Linux内核

 

 

环境介绍

Win7 64 + Vmware 11 + ubuntu14.04 32

u-boot 版本：u-boot-2015-04

Linux kernel版本：linux-3.16.y

busybox版本：1_24_stable

交叉编译工具链：arm-linux-gnueabi-

qemu版本：stable-2.4

 

概述

这里我采用的方法是，利用网络引导的方式启动Linux内核。具体方式如下：

开启Qemu的网络支持功能，启动u-boot，设置u-boot的环境变量，u-boot采用tftp的方式将uImage格式的Linux内核下载到内存地址0x60003000处，为什么是0x60000000起始的地址，参考文件u-boot的配置文件 include/configs/vexpress_common.h。如果用Qemu直接启动Kernel，是通过-append parameter 的方式给kernel传参的，现在是通过u-boot，那么需要通过u-boot的环境变量bootargs，可以设置为如下值 setenv bootargs 'root=/dev/mmcblk0 console=ttyAMA0 console=tty0'。 然后设置u-boot环境变量bootcmd，如下: setenv bootcmd 'tftp 0x60003000 uImage; bootm 0x60003000'.

具体步骤

1、启动Qemu的网络支持

这个请参考博客：http://www.cnblogs.com/pengdonglin137/p/5023340.html

 

2、配置u-boot

主要是修改include/configs/vexpress_common.h

diff --git a/include/configs/vexpress_common.h b/include/configs/vexpress_common.h index 0c1da01..9fa7d9e 100644
--- a/include/configs/vexpress_common.h +++ b/include/configs/vexpress_common.h @@ -48,6 +48,11 @@ #define CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE   0x80800000
 #endif
 
+/* netmask */
+#define CONFIG_IPADDR   192.168.11.5
+#define CONFIG_NETMASK  255.255.255.0
+#define CONFIG_SERVERIP 192.168.11.20
+
 /* * Physical addresses, offset from V2M_PA_CS0-3 */ @@ -202,7 +207,9 @@ #define CONFIG_SYS_INIT_SP_ADDR                CONFIG_SYS_GBL_DATA_OFFSET
 
 /* Basic environment settings */
-#define CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND             "run bootflash;"
+/* #define CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND "run bootflash;" */
+#define CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND             "tftp 0x60003000 uImage; setenv bootargs 'root=/dev/mmcblk0 console=ttyAMA0'; bootm 0x60003000
+

 

说明：

这里我把ipaddr等设置为了192.168.11.x网段，这个需要跟br0的网址一致，br0的地址在/etc/qemu-ifuo中修改：

#!/bin/sh

echo sudo tunctl -u $(id -un) -t $1
sudo tunctl -u $(id -un) -t $1

echo sudo ifconfig $1 0.0.0.0 promisc up sudo ifconfig $1 0.0.0.0 promisc up echo sudo brctl addif br0 $1
sudo brctl addif br0 $1

echo brctl show brctl show sudo ifconfig br0 192.168.11.20

然后重新编译u-boot代码

make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- -j2

 

测试：

qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 \ -kernel u-boot \ -nographic \ -m 512M \ -net nic,vlan=0 -net tap,vlan=0,ifname=tap0

运行：

U-Boot 2015.07-rc3-00092-gf3edfd3-dirty (Dec 05 2015 - 22:00:46 -0800) DRAM: 512 MiB WARNING: Caches not enabled Flash: 128 MiB MMC: MMC: 0
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment In: serial Out: serial Err: serial Net: smc911x-0 Warning: smc911x-0 using MAC address from net device Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0 VExpress# ping 192.168.11.20 smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56 smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller smc911x: phy initialized smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56 Using smc911x-0 device smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56 host 192.168.11.20 is alive

 

2、配置Linux Kernel

因为要用u-boot引导，所以需要把Kernel编译成uImage格式。

执行如下命令：

make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- ARCH=arm O=./out_vexpress_3_16 uImage -j2

编译时会报错：

make[1]: Entering directory `/root/tq2440_work/kernel/linux-stable/out_vexpress_3_16'   CHK     include/config/kernel.release GEN ./Makefile CHK include/generated/uapi/linux/version.h Using .. as source for kernel CHK include/generated/utsrelease.h make[2]: `include/generated/mach-types.h' is up to date.
  CALL    ../scripts/checksyscalls.sh CHK include/generated/compile.h CHK kernel/config_data.h Kernel: arch/arm/boot/Image is ready Kernel: arch/arm/boot/zImage is ready multiple (or no) load addresses: This is incompatible with uImages Specify LOADADDR on the commandline to build an uImage make[2]: *** [arch/arm/boot/uImage] Error 1
make[1]: *** [uImage] Error 2
make: *** [sub-make] Error 2

这里需要我们制定LOADADDR的值，即uImage的加载地址，根据u-boot，我们可以将其设置为0x60003000.

修改后的命令如下：

make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- ARCH=arm O=./out_vexpress_3_16 LOADADDR=0x60003000  uImage -j2

编译信息：

make[1]: Entering directory `/root/tq2440_work/kernel/linux-stable/out_vexpress_3_16'   CHK     include/config/kernel.release GEN ./Makefile CHK include/generated/uapi/linux/version.h Using .. as source for kernel CHK include/generated/utsrelease.h make[2]: `include/generated/mach-types.h' is up to date.
  CALL    ../scripts/checksyscalls.sh CHK include/generated/compile.h CHK kernel/config_data.h Kernel: arch/arm/boot/Image is ready Kernel: arch/arm/boot/zImage is ready UIMAGE arch/arm/boot/uImage Image Name: Linux-3.16.7 Created: Sat Dec 5 23:10:41 2015 Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed) Data Size: 3326696 Bytes = 3248.73 kB = 3.17 MB Load Address: 0x60003000 Entry Point: 0x60003000 Image arch/arm/boot/uImage is ready

 

编译生成的uImage在 linux-stable/out_vexpress_3_16/arch/arm/boot下，然后将uImage拷贝到/tftpboot目录下，关于tftp服务器的配置请参考：
http://files.cnblogs.com/files/pengdonglin137/ubuntu-12.04%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E6%90%AD%E5%BB%BA.pdf

 

3、测试

执行如下命令：

qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 \ -kernel /root/tq2440_work/u-boot/u-boot/u-boot \ -nographic \ -m 512M \ -net nic,vlan=0 -net tap,vlan=0,ifname=tap0 \ -sd /root/tq2440_work/busybox_study/a9rootfs.ext3

 

启动信息：

sudo tunctl -u root -t tap0 sudo ifconfig tap0 0.0.0.0 promisc up sudo brctl addif br0 tap0 brctl show bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces br0 8000.000c290bd2f3 no eth0 tap0 U-Boot 2015.07-rc3-00092-gf3edfd3-dirty (Dec 05 2015 - 23:20:40 -0800) DRAM: 512 MiB WARNING: Caches not enabled Flash: 128 MiB MMC: MMC: 0
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment In: serial Out: serial Err: serial Net: smc911x-0 Warning: smc911x-0 using MAC address from net device Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0 smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56 smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller smc911x: phy initialized smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56 Using smc911x-0 device TFTP from server 192.168.11.20; our IP address is 192.168.11.5 Filename 'uImage'. Load address: 0x60003000 Loading: ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################ 796.9 KiB/s done Bytes transferred = 3326760 (32c328 hex) smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56 ## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 60003000 ... Image Name: Linux-3.16.7 Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed) Data Size: 3326696 Bytes = 3.2 MiB Load Address: 60003000 Entry Point: 60003000 Verifying Checksum ... OK Loading Kernel Image ... OK Starting kernel ... Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0 Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset Linux version 3.16.7 (root@ubuntu) (gcc version 4.7.3 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.7.3-12ubuntu1) ) #5 SMP Sat Dec 5 21:17:17 PST 2015 CPU: ARMv7 Processor [410fc090] revision 0 (ARMv7), cr=10c53c7d CPU: PIPT / VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT nonaliasing instruction cache Machine: ARM-Versatile Express Memory policy: Data cache writeback CPU: All CPU(s) started in SVC mode. sched_clock: 32 bits at 24MHz, resolution 41ns, wraps every 178956969942ns PERCPU: Embedded 7 pages/cpu @9fbed000 s7552 r8192 d12928 u32768 Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 130048 Kernel command line: root=/dev/mmcblk0 console=ttyAMA0 PID hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes) Dentry cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes) Inode-cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes) Memory: 513272K/524288K available (4563K kernel code, 190K rwdata, 1292K rodata, 239K init, 149K bss, 11016K reserved) Virtual kernel memory layout: vector : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000   (   4 kB) fixmap : 0xffc00000 - 0xffe00000   (2048 kB) vmalloc : 0xa0800000 - 0xff000000   (1512 MB) lowmem : 0x80000000 - 0xa0000000   ( 512 MB) modules : 0x7f000000 - 0x80000000   (  16 MB) .text : 0x80008000 - 0x805c01b0   (5857 kB) .init : 0x805c1000 - 0x805fcd80   ( 240 kB) .data : 0x805fe000 - 0x8062dba0   ( 191 kB) .bss : 0x8062dba8 - 0x8065336c   ( 150 kB) SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1 Hierarchical RCU implementation. RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=8 to nr_cpu_ids=1. RCU: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=16, nr_cpu_ids=1 NR_IRQS:16 nr_irqs:16 16 GIC CPU mask not found - kernel will fail to boot. GIC CPU mask not found - kernel will fail to boot. smp_twd: clock not found -2 Console: colour dummy device 80x30 Calibrating local timer... 88.21MHz. Calibrating delay loop... 310.68 BogoMIPS (lpj=1553408) pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301 Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes) Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes) CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok missing device node for CPU 0 CPU0: thread -1, cpu 0, socket 0, mpidr 80000000 Setting up static identity map for 0x604546d0 - 0x60454728 Brought up 1 CPUs SMP: Total of 1 processors activated. CPU: All CPU(s) started in SVC mode. devtmpfs: initialized VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 3 part 30 variant 9 rev 0 regulator-dummy: no parameters NET: Registered protocol family 16 DMA: preallocated 256 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations cpuidle: using governor ladder cpuidle: using governor menu hw-breakpoint: debug architecture 0x4 unsupported. Serial: AMBA PL011 UART driver mb:uart0: ttyAMA0 at MMIO 0x10009000 (irq = 37, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1 console [ttyAMA0] enabled mb:uart1: ttyAMA1 at MMIO 0x1000a000 (irq = 38, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1 mb:uart2: ttyAMA2 at MMIO 0x1000b000 (irq = 39, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1 mb:uart3: ttyAMA3 at MMIO 0x1000c000 (irq = 40, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1 fixed-dummy: no parameters SCSI subsystem initialized usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs usbcore: registered new interface driver hub usbcore: registered new device driver usb Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Initialized. Switched to clocksource v2m-timer1 NET: Registered protocol family 2 TCP established hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes) TCP bind hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes) TCP: Hash tables configured (established 4096 bind 4096) TCP: reno registered UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes) UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes) NET: Registered protocol family 1 RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module. RPC: Registered udp transport module. RPC: Registered tcp transport module. RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module. CPU PMU: probing PMU on CPU 0 hw perfevents: enabled with ARMv7 Cortex-A9 PMU driver, 1 counters available futex hash table entries: 256 (order: 2, 16384 bytes) squashfs: version 4.0 (2009/01/31) Phillip Lougher jffs2: version 2.2. (NAND) © 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc. 9p: Installing v9fs 9p2000 file system support msgmni has been set to 1002 io scheduler noop registered (default) clcd-pl11x ct:clcd: PL111 rev2 at 0x10020000 clcd-pl11x ct:clcd: CT-CA9X4 hardware, XVGA display Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 128x48 physmap platform flash device: 04000000 at 40000000 physmap-flash: Found 2 x16 devices at 0x0 in 32-bit bank. Manufacturer ID 0x000000 Chip ID 0x000000 Intel/Sharp Extended Query Table at 0x0031 Using buffer write method physmap platform flash device: 04000000 at 44000000 physmap-flash: Found 2 x16 devices at 0x0 in 32-bit bank. Manufacturer ID 0x000000 Chip ID 0x000000 Intel/Sharp Extended Query Table at 0x0031 Using buffer write method Concatenating MTD devices: (0): "physmap-flash" (1): "physmap-flash" into device "physmap-flash" libphy: smsc911x-mdio: probed smsc911x smsc911x eth0: attached PHY driver [Generic PHY] (mii_bus:phy_addr=smsc911x-fffffff:01, irq=-1) smsc911x smsc911x eth0: MAC Address: 52:54:00:12:34:56 isp1760 isp1760: NXP ISP1760 USB Host Controller isp1760 isp1760: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1 isp1760 isp1760: Scratch test failed. isp1760 isp1760: can't setup: -19
isp1760 isp1760: USB bus 1 deregistered isp1760: Failed to register the HCD device usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice rtc-pl031 mb:rtc: rtc core: registered pl031 as rtc0 mmci-pl18x mb:mmci: mmc0: PL181 manf 41 rev0 at 0x10005000 irq 41,42 (pio) input: AT Raw Set 2 keyboard as /devices/mb:kmi0/serio0/input/input0 ledtrig-cpu: registered to indicate activity on CPUs usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid usbhid: USB HID core driver mmc0: host does not support reading read-only switch. assuming write-enable. mmc0: new SD card at address 4567 mmcblk0: mmc0:4567 QEMU! 32.0 MiB mmcblk0: unknown partition table aaci-pl041 mb:aaci: ARM AC'97 Interface PL041 rev0 at 0x10004000, irq 43
aaci-pl041 mb:aaci: FIFO 512 entries oprofile: using arm/armv7-ca9 TCP: cubic registered NET: Registered protocol family 17 9pnet: Installing 9P2000 support rtc-pl031 mb:rtc: setting system clock to 2015-12-06 07:22:11 UTC (1449386531) ALSA device list: #0: ARM AC'97 Interface PL041 rev0 at 0x10004000, irq 43
input: ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse as /devices/mb:kmi1/serio1/input/input2 kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds EXT3-fs (mmcblk0): using internal journal EXT3-fs (mmcblk0): recovery complete EXT3-fs (mmcblk0): mounted filesystem with writeback data mode VFS: Mounted root (ext3 filesystem) on device 179:0. Freeing unused kernel memory: 236K (805c1000 - 805fc000) random: nonblocking pool is initialized mount: mounting none on /proc/bus/usb failed: No such file or directory Please press Enter to activate this console. [root@vexpress ]# [root@vexpress ]# [root@vexpress ]# [root@vexpress ]# [root@vexpress ]# [root@vexpress ]# ls bin etc linuxrc mnt root sys usr dev lib lost+found proc sbin tmp var [root@vexpress ]# ifconfig lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0 UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536  Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) [root@vexpress ]# ifconfig eth0 192.168.11.5 smsc911x smsc911x eth0: SMSC911x/921x identified at 0xa0a40000, IRQ: 47 [root@vexpress ]# ping 192.168.11.20 PING 192.168.11.20 (192.168.11.20): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 192.168.11.20: seq=0 ttl=64 time=20.928 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.11.20: seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.250 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.11.20: seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.573 ms ^C --- 192.168.11.20 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 0.573/7.583/20.928 ms [root@vexpress ]# 

 

可以在/etc/init.d/rcS中设置eth0的ip地址为 ifconfig eth0 192.168.11.5

 

4、开启图形界面

修改u-boot的bootargs环境变量为：

setenv bootargs 'root=/dev/mmcblk0 console=ttyAMA0 console=tty0';

执行命令：

qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 \ -kernel /root/tq2440_work/u-boot/u-boot/u-boot \ -nographic \ -m 512M \ -net nic,vlan=0 -net tap,vlan=0,ifname=tap0 \ -sd /root/tq2440_work/busybox_study/a9rootfs.ext3

截图：

 

未完待续。