C#多线程同步事件及等待句柄AutoResetEvent 和 ManualResetEvent

最近捣鼓了一下多线程的同步问题,发现其实C#关于多线程同步事件处理还是很灵活,这里主要写一下,自己测试的一些代码,涉及到了AutoResetEvent 和 ManualResetEvent,当然还有也简要提了一下System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitOne 、System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitAny和System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitAll ,下面我们一最初学者的角度来看,多线程之间的同步。

假设有这样的一个场景,主线程开了一个子线程,让子线程等着,等主线程完成了某件事情时再通知子线程去往下执行,这里关键就在于这个怎让子线程等着,主线程怎通知子线程,一般情况下我们不难想到用一个公共变量,于是咱们就有了下面的代码:

[csharp] view plaincopy
using System;  
using System.Collections.Generic;  
using System.Text;  
using System.Threading;  
  
namespace AutoResetEventTest  
{  
    class Class1  
    {  
        static bool flag = true;  
  
        static void DoWork()  
        {  
            Console.WriteLine("   worker thread started, now waiting on event...");  
            while (flag)  
            {  
  
            }  
            Console.WriteLine("   worker thread reactivated, now exiting...");  
        }  
  
        static void Main()  
        {  
            Console.WriteLine("main thread starting worker thread...");  
            Thread t = new Thread(DoWork);  
            t.Start();  
  
            Console.WriteLine("main thrad sleeping for 1 second...");  
            Thread.Sleep(1000);  
  
            Console.WriteLine("main thread signaling worker thread...");  
            flag = false;  
        }  
    }  
}  
虽然目的达到了,但是看着这代码就纠结,下面该是我们的主角上场了,AutoResetEvent 和 ManualResetEvent,关于这两者我们暂且认为是差不多了,稍后我会介绍他们的不同,这里以AutoResetEvent为例,其实很多官方的说法太过于抽象,这里通俗地讲,可以认为AutoResetEvent就是一个公共的变量(尽管它是一个事件),创建的时候可以设置为false,然后在要等待的线程使用它的WaitOne方法,那么线程就一直会处于等待状态,只有这个AutoResetEvent被别的线程使用了Set方法,也就是要发通知的线程使用了它的Set方法,那么等待的线程就会往下执行了,Set就是发信号,WaitOne是等待信号,只有发了信号,等待的才会执行。如果不发的话,WaitOne后面的程序就永远不会执行。好下面看用AutoResetEvent改造上面的程序:

[csharp] view plaincopy
using System;  
using System.Collections.Generic;  
using System.Text;  
using System.Threading;  
  
namespace AutoResetEventTest  
{  
    class Class2  
    {  
        static AutoResetEvent mEvent=new AutoResetEvent(false);  
        //static ManualResetEvent mEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false);  
  
        static void DoWork()  
        {  
            Console.WriteLine("   worker thread started, now waiting on event...");  
            mEvent.WaitOne();  
            Console.WriteLine("   worker thread reactivated, now exiting...");  
        }  
  
        static void Main()  
        {  
            Console.WriteLine("main thread starting worker thread...");  
            Thread t = new Thread(DoWork);  
            t.Start();  
  
            Console.WriteLine("main thrad sleeping for 1 second...");  
            Thread.Sleep(1000);  
  
            Console.WriteLine("main thread signaling worker thread...");  
            mEvent.Set();  
        }  
    }  
}  
这时代码是不是清爽多了,这里其实你还会看到,把上面的AutoResetEvent换成ManualResetEvent也是没有问题的,那么它两之间的区别是什么呢?个人认为它们最大的区别在于,无论何时,只要 AutoResetEvent 激活线程,它的状态将自动从终止变为非终止。相反,ManualResetEvent 允许它的终止状态激活任意多个线程,只有当它的 Reset 方法被调用时才还原到非终止状态。开下面的代码:

[csharp] view plaincopy
using System;  
using System.Collections.Generic;  
using System.Text;  
using System.Threading;  
  
namespace AutoResetEventTest  
{  
    class Class3  
    {  
        static AutoResetEvent mEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);  
        //static ManualResetEvent mEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false);  
  
        static void DoWork()  
        {  
            Console.WriteLine("   worker thread started, now waiting on event...");  
            for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)  
            {  
                mEvent.WaitOne();  
                //mEvent.Reset();  
                Console.WriteLine("   worker thread reactivated, now exiting...");  
            }  
        }  
  
        static void Main()  
        {  
            Console.WriteLine("main thread starting worker thread...");  
            Thread t = new Thread(DoWork);  
            t.Start();  
  
            for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)  
            {  
                Thread.Sleep(1000);  
                Console.WriteLine("main thread signaling worker thread...");  
                mEvent.Set();  
            }  
        }  
    }  
}  
如果你想仅仅把AutoResetEvent换成ManualResetEvent的话,你发现输出就会乱套了,为什么呢?
假如有autoevent.WaitOne()和manualevent.WaitOne(),当线程得到信号后都得以继续执行。差别就在调用后,autoevent.WaitOne()每次只允许一个线程进入,当某个线程得到信号(也就是有其他线程调用了autoevent.Set()方法后)后,autoevent会自动又将信号置为不发送状态,则其他调用WaitOne的线程只有继续等待,也就是说,autoevent一次只唤醒一个线程。而manualevent则可以唤醒多个线程,当某个线程调用了set方法后,其他调用waitone的线程获得信号得以继续执行,而manualevent不会自动将信号置为不发送,也就是说,除非手工调用了manualevent.Reset()方法,否则manualevent将一直保持有信号状态,manualevent也就可以同时唤醒多个线程继续执行。

在上面代码中,如果将AutoResetEvent换成ManualResetEvent的话,只要要在waitone后面做下reset,就会达到同样的效果。

之后咱们再来个简单的例子:

[csharp] view plaincopy
using System;  
using System.Collections.Generic;  
using System.Text;  
using System.Threading;  
  
namespace AutoResetEventTest  
{  
    class Class4  
    {  
        public static AutoResetEvent mEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);  
  
        public static void trmain()  
        {  
            Thread tr = Thread.CurrentThread;  
            Console.WriteLine("thread: waiting for an event");  
            mEvent.WaitOne();  
            Console.WriteLine("thread: got an event");  
            for (int x = 0; x < 10; x++)  
            {  
                Thread.Sleep(1000);  
                Console.WriteLine(tr.Name + ": " + x);  
            }  
        }  
        static void Main(string[] args)  
        {  
            Thread thrd1 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(trmain));  
            thrd1.Name = "thread1";  
            thrd1.Start();  
            for (int x = 0; x < 10; x++)  
            {  
                Thread.Sleep(900);  
                Console.WriteLine("Main:" + x);  
                if (5 == x) mEvent.Set();  
            }  
            while (thrd1.IsAlive)  
            {  
                Thread.Sleep(1000);  
                Console.WriteLine("Main: waiting for thread to stop");  
            }  
        }  
    }  
}  
是不是更有感觉了?之后咱来看看另外几个东东:

System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitOne 使线程一直等待,直到单个事件变为终止状态;

System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitAny 阻止线程,直到一个或多个指示的事件变为终止状态;

System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitAll 阻止线程,直到所有指示的事件都变为终止状态。

然后再来个例子,以WaitAll使用为例:

[csharp] view plaincopy
using System;  
using System.Collections.Generic;  
using System.Text;  
using System.Threading;  
  
namespace AutoResetEventTest  
{  
    class other  
    {  
        static void Main(string[] args)  
        {  
            Random randomGenerator = new Random();  
            AutoResetEvent[] resets=new AutoResetEvent[5];  
  
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)  
            {  
                resets[i] = new AutoResetEvent(false);  
                int wTime = randomGenerator.Next(10)+1;  
  
                worker w = new worker(wTime, resets[i]);  
  
                Thread thrd1 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(w.work));  
                thrd1.Start();    
            }  
            WaitHandle.WaitAll(resets);  
            Console.WriteLine("ALL worker done - main exiting.");  
        }  
  
    }  
  
    public class worker  
    {  
        public string name;  
        public int wTime;  
        public AutoResetEvent mEvent;  
  
        public worker(int w, AutoResetEvent m)  
        {  
            name = w.ToString();  
            wTime = w * 1000;  
            mEvent = m;  
        }  
  
        public void work()  
        {  
            Console.WriteLine(name + " worker thread waiting for " + wTime + "....");  
            Thread.Sleep(wTime);  
            Console.WriteLine(name + " worker thread back...");  
            mEvent.Set();  
        }  
    }  
}  
简单来说就是,开了5个线程,每个线程随机休眠若干秒,都完成后通知主线程退出,这里就开了一个AutoResetEvent数组,主线程就WaitHandle.WaitAll(resets) ,子线程休眠完后就Set1个AutoResetEvent,最后都Set完后,主线程就会往下执行。最后最后再来个买书付款取货的例子,加深理解:

[csharp] view plaincopy
using System;  
using System.Collections.Generic;  
using System.Text;  
using System.Threading;  
  
namespace AutoResetEventTest  
{  
    class Program  
    {  
        const int numIterations = 10;  
        static AutoResetEvent myResetEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);  
        static AutoResetEvent ChangeEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);  
        //static ManualResetEvent myResetEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false);  
        //static ManualResetEvent ChangeEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false);  
        static int number; //这是关键资源  
  
        static void Main()  
        {  
            Thread payMoneyThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(PayMoneyProc));  
            payMoneyThread.Name = "付钱线程";  
            Thread getBookThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(GetBookProc));  
            getBookThread.Name = "取书线程";  
            payMoneyThread.Start();  
            getBookThread.Start();  
  
            for (int i = 1; i <= numIterations; i++)  
            {  
                Console.WriteLine("买书线程:数量{0}", i);  
                number = i;  
                //Signal that a value has been written.  
                myResetEvent.Set();  
                //ChangeEvent.Set();  
                Thread.Sleep(10);  
            }  
            payMoneyThread.Abort();  
            getBookThread.Abort();  
        }  
  
        static void PayMoneyProc()  
        {  
            while (true)  
            {  
                myResetEvent.WaitOne();  
                //myResetEvent.Reset();  
                Console.WriteLine("{0}:数量{1}", Thread.CurrentThread.Name, number);  
                ChangeEvent.Set();  
            }  
        }  
        static void GetBookProc()  
        {  
            while (true)  
            {  
                ChangeEvent.WaitOne();  
                //ChangeEvent.Reset();                 
                Console.WriteLine("{0}:数量{1}", Thread.CurrentThread.Name, number);  
                Console.WriteLine("------------------------------------------");  
                //Thread.Sleep(0);  
            }  
        }  
    }  
}  

 

你可能感兴趣的:(C#多线程同步事件及等待句柄AutoResetEvent 和 ManualResetEvent)