Oracle拼音检索
最近客户提出新需求说希望可以对数据的某一字段进行拼音检索，因此对这个东西找了点资料研究了一下，一般这种作为查询条件的拼音检索，都通过数据库实现，而非程序实现，因为程序实现无法将条件嵌入到SQL语句中进行匹配。保存汉字可以用ZHS16GBK需要两个字节，而使用UTF8字符集需要三个字节，目前拼音只跟ZHS16GBK有对应关系,对应关系为(第一个字节)*256+((第二个字节)-256*256)。因此如果使用的是UTF8字符集，那么必须先转换成ZHS16GBK字符集。具体实现如下：
1. 创建一个Oracle对象，用于保存拼音和编码的对应关系：
CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE spcode AS OBJECT ( "name" VARCHAR2(10), "code" NUMBER );
2.创建一个PL/SQL表,为下面实现管道表函数做准备，定义如下：
CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE tbl_spcode IS TABLE OF spcode;
3.创建一个管道表函数，用于返回拼音字母和编码对应关系的二维表，具体实现如下：
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION getTblSpcode RETURN tbl_spcode PIPELINED
IS
BEGIN
PIPE ROW(spcode('a', -20319));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ai', -20317));
PIPE ROW(spcode('an', -20304));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ang', -20295));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ao', -20292));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ba', -20283));
PIPE ROW(spcode('bai', -20265));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ban', -20257));
PIPE ROW(spcode('bang', -20242));
PIPE ROW(spcode('bao', -20230));
PIPE ROW(spcode('bei', -20051));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ben', -20036));
PIPE ROW(spcode('beng', -20032));
PIPE ROW(spcode('bi', -20026));
PIPE ROW(spcode('bian', -20002));
PIPE ROW(spcode('biao', -19990));
PIPE ROW(spcode('bie', -19986));
PIPE ROW(spcode('bin', -19982));
PIPE ROW(spcode('bing', -19976));
PIPE ROW(spcode('bo', -19805));
PIPE ROW(spcode('bu', -19784));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ca', -19775));
PIPE ROW(spcode('cai', -19774));
PIPE ROW(spcode('can', -19763));
PIPE ROW(spcode('cang', -19756));
PIPE ROW(spcode('cao', -19751));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ce', -19746));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ceng', -19741));
PIPE ROW(spcode('cha', -19739));
PIPE ROW(spcode('chai', -19728));
PIPE ROW(spcode('chan', -19725));
PIPE ROW(spcode('chang', -19715));
PIPE ROW(spcode('chao', -19540));
PIPE ROW(spcode('che', -19531));
PIPE ROW(spcode('chen', -19525));
PIPE ROW(spcode('cheng', -19515));
PIPE ROW(spcode('chi', -19500));
PIPE ROW(spcode('chong', -19484));
PIPE ROW(spcode('chou', -19479));
PIPE ROW(spcode('chu', -19467));
PIPE ROW(spcode('chuai', -19289));
PIPE ROW(spcode('chuan', -19288));
PIPE ROW(spcode('chuang', -19281));
PIPE ROW(spcode('chui', -19275));
PIPE ROW(spcode('chun', -19270));
PIPE ROW(spcode('chuo', -19263));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ci', -19261));
PIPE ROW(spcode('cong', -19249));
PIPE ROW(spcode('cou', -19243));
PIPE ROW(spcode('cu', -19242));
PIPE ROW(spcode('cuan', -19238));
PIPE ROW(spcode('cui', -19235));
PIPE ROW(spcode('cun', -19227));
PIPE ROW(spcode('cuo', -19224));
PIPE ROW(spcode('da', -19218));
PIPE ROW(spcode('dai', -19212));
PIPE ROW(spcode('dan', -19038));
PIPE ROW(spcode('dang', -19023));
PIPE ROW(spcode('dao', -19018));
PIPE ROW(spcode('de', -19006));
PIPE ROW(spcode('deng', -19003));
PIPE ROW(spcode('di', -18996));
PIPE ROW(spcode('dian', -18977));
PIPE ROW(spcode('diao', -18961));
PIPE ROW(spcode('die', -18952));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ding', -18783));
PIPE ROW(spcode('diu', -18774));
PIPE ROW(spcode('dong', -18773));
PIPE ROW(spcode('dou', -18763));
PIPE ROW(spcode('du', -18756));
PIPE ROW(spcode('duan', -18741));
PIPE ROW(spcode('dui', -18735));
PIPE ROW(spcode('dun', -18731));
PIPE ROW(spcode('duo', -18722));
PIPE ROW(spcode('e', -18710));
PIPE ROW(spcode('en', -18697));
PIPE ROW(spcode('er', -18696));
PIPE ROW(spcode('fa', -18526));
PIPE ROW(spcode('fan', -18518));
PIPE ROW(spcode('fang', -18501));
PIPE ROW(spcode('fei', -18490));
PIPE ROW(spcode('fen', -18478));
PIPE ROW(spcode('feng', -18463));
PIPE ROW(spcode('fo', -18448));
PIPE ROW(spcode('fou', -18447));
PIPE ROW(spcode('fu', -18446));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ga', -18239));
PIPE ROW(spcode('gai', -18237));
PIPE ROW(spcode('gan', -18231));
PIPE ROW(spcode('gang', -18220));
PIPE ROW(spcode('gao', -18211));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ge', -18201));
PIPE ROW(spcode('gei', -18184));
PIPE ROW(spcode('gen', -18183));
PIPE ROW(spcode('geng', -18181));
PIPE ROW(spcode('gong', -18012));
PIPE ROW(spcode('gou', -17997));
PIPE ROW(spcode('gu', -17988));
PIPE ROW(spcode('gua', -17970));
PIPE ROW(spcode('guai', -17964));
PIPE ROW(spcode('guan', -17961));
PIPE ROW(spcode('guang', -17950));
PIPE ROW(spcode('gui', -17947));
PIPE ROW(spcode('gun', -17931));
PIPE ROW(spcode('guo', -17928));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ha', -17922));
PIPE ROW(spcode('hai', -17759));
PIPE ROW(spcode('han', -17752));
PIPE ROW(spcode('hang', -17733));
PIPE ROW(spcode('hao', -17730));
PIPE ROW(spcode('he', -17721));
PIPE ROW(spcode('hei', -17703));
PIPE ROW(spcode('hen', -17701));
PIPE ROW(spcode('heng', -17697));
PIPE ROW(spcode('hong', -17692));
PIPE ROW(spcode('hou', -17683));
PIPE ROW(spcode('hu', -17676));
PIPE ROW(spcode('hua', -17496));
PIPE ROW(spcode('huai', -17487));
PIPE ROW(spcode('huan', -17482));
PIPE ROW(spcode('huang', -17468));
PIPE ROW(spcode('hui', -17454));
PIPE ROW(spcode('hun', -17433));
PIPE ROW(spcode('huo', -17427));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ji', -17417));
PIPE ROW(spcode('jia', -17202));
PIPE ROW(spcode('jian', -17185));
PIPE ROW(spcode('jiang', -16983));
PIPE ROW(spcode('jiao', -16970));
PIPE ROW(spcode('jie', -16942));
PIPE ROW(spcode('jin', -16915));
PIPE ROW(spcode('jing', -16733));
PIPE ROW(spcode('jiong', -16708));
PIPE ROW(spcode('jiu', -16706));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ju', -16689));
PIPE ROW(spcode('juan', -16664));
PIPE ROW(spcode('jue', -16657));
PIPE ROW(spcode('jun', -16647));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ka', -16474));
PIPE ROW(spcode('kai', -16470));
PIPE ROW(spcode('kan', -16465));
PIPE ROW(spcode('kang', -16459));
PIPE ROW(spcode('kao', -16452));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ke', -16448));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ken', -16433));
PIPE ROW(spcode('keng', -16429));
PIPE ROW(spcode('kong', -16427));
PIPE ROW(spcode('kou', -16423));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ku', -16419));
PIPE ROW(spcode('kua', -16412));
PIPE ROW(spcode('kuai', -16407));
PIPE ROW(spcode('kuan', -16403));
PIPE ROW(spcode('kuang', -16401));
PIPE ROW(spcode('kui', -16393));
PIPE ROW(spcode('kun', -16220));
PIPE ROW(spcode('kuo', -16216));
PIPE ROW(spcode('la', -16212));
PIPE ROW(spcode('lai', -16205));
PIPE ROW(spcode('lan', -16202));
PIPE ROW(spcode('lang', -16187));
PIPE ROW(spcode('lao', -16180));
PIPE ROW(spcode('le', -16171));
PIPE ROW(spcode('lei', -16169));
PIPE ROW(spcode('leng', -16158));
PIPE ROW(spcode('li', -16155));
PIPE ROW(spcode('lia', -15959));
PIPE ROW(spcode('lian', -15958));
PIPE ROW(spcode('liang', -15944));
PIPE ROW(spcode('liao', -15933));
PIPE ROW(spcode('lie', -15920));
PIPE ROW(spcode('lin', -15915));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ling', -15903));
PIPE ROW(spcode('liu', -15889));
PIPE ROW(spcode('long', -15878));
PIPE ROW(spcode('lou', -15707));
PIPE ROW(spcode('lu', -15701));
PIPE ROW(spcode('lv', -15681));
PIPE ROW(spcode('luan', -15667));
PIPE ROW(spcode('lue', -15661));
PIPE ROW(spcode('lun', -15659));
PIPE ROW(spcode('luo', -15652));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ma', -15640));
PIPE ROW(spcode('mai', -15631));
PIPE ROW(spcode('man', -15625));
PIPE ROW(spcode('mang', -15454));
PIPE ROW(spcode('mao', -15448));
PIPE ROW(spcode('me', -15436));
PIPE ROW(spcode('mei', -15435));
PIPE ROW(spcode('men', -15419));
PIPE ROW(spcode('meng', -15416));
PIPE ROW(spcode('mi', -15408));
PIPE ROW(spcode('mian', -15394));
PIPE ROW(spcode('miao', -15385));
PIPE ROW(spcode('mie', -15377));
PIPE ROW(spcode('min', -15375));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ming', -15369));
PIPE ROW(spcode('miu', -15363));
PIPE ROW(spcode('mo', -15362));
PIPE ROW(spcode('mou', -15183));
PIPE ROW(spcode('mu', -15180));
PIPE ROW(spcode('na', -15165));
PIPE ROW(spcode('nai', -15158));
PIPE ROW(spcode('nan', -15153));
PIPE ROW(spcode('nang', -15150));
PIPE ROW(spcode('nao', -15149));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ne', -15144));
PIPE ROW(spcode('nei', -15143));
PIPE ROW(spcode('nen', -15141));
PIPE ROW(spcode('neng', -15140));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ni', -15139));
PIPE ROW(spcode('nian', -15128));
PIPE ROW(spcode('niang', -15121));
PIPE ROW(spcode('niao', -15119));
PIPE ROW(spcode('nie', -15117));
PIPE ROW(spcode('nin', -15110));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ning', -15109));
PIPE ROW(spcode('niu', -14941));
PIPE ROW(spcode('nong', -14937));
PIPE ROW(spcode('nu', -14933));
PIPE ROW(spcode('nv', -14930));
PIPE ROW(spcode('nuan', -14929));
PIPE ROW(spcode('nue', -14928));
PIPE ROW(spcode('nuo', -14926));
PIPE ROW(spcode('o', -14922));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ou', -14921));
PIPE ROW(spcode('pa', -14914));
PIPE ROW(spcode('pai', -14908));
PIPE ROW(spcode('pan', -14902));
PIPE ROW(spcode('pang', -14894));
PIPE ROW(spcode('pao', -14889));
PIPE ROW(spcode('pei', -14882));
PIPE ROW(spcode('pen', -14873));
PIPE ROW(spcode('peng', -14871));
PIPE ROW(spcode('pi', -14857));
PIPE ROW(spcode('pian', -14678));
PIPE ROW(spcode('piao', -14674));
PIPE ROW(spcode('pie', -14670));
PIPE ROW(spcode('pin', -14668));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ping', -14663));
PIPE ROW(spcode('po', -14654));
PIPE ROW(spcode('pu', -14645));
PIPE ROW(spcode('qi', -14630));
PIPE ROW(spcode('qia', -14594));
PIPE ROW(spcode('qian', -14429));
PIPE ROW(spcode('qiang', -14407));
PIPE ROW(spcode('qiao', -14399));
PIPE ROW(spcode('qie', -14384));
PIPE ROW(spcode('qin', -14379));
PIPE ROW(spcode('qing', -14368));
PIPE ROW(spcode('qiong', -14355));
PIPE ROW(spcode('qiu', -14353));
PIPE ROW(spcode('qu', -14345));
PIPE ROW(spcode('quan', -14170));
PIPE ROW(spcode('que', -14159));
PIPE ROW(spcode('qun', -14151));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ran', -14149));
PIPE ROW(spcode('rang', -14145));
PIPE ROW(spcode('rao', -14140));
PIPE ROW(spcode('re', -14137));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ren', -14135));
PIPE ROW(spcode('reng', -14125));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ri', -14123));
PIPE ROW(spcode('rong', -14122));
PIPE ROW(spcode('rou', -14112));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ru', -14109));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ruan', -14099));
PIPE ROW(spcode('rui', -14097));
PIPE ROW(spcode('run', -14094));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ruo', -14092));
PIPE ROW(spcode('sa', -14090));
PIPE ROW(spcode('sai', -14087));
PIPE ROW(spcode('san', -14083));
PIPE ROW(spcode('sang', -13917));
PIPE ROW(spcode('sao', -13914));
PIPE ROW(spcode('se', -13910));
PIPE ROW(spcode('sen', -13907));
PIPE ROW(spcode('seng', -13906));
PIPE ROW(spcode('sha', -13905));
PIPE ROW(spcode('shai', -13896));
PIPE ROW(spcode('shan', -13894));
PIPE ROW(spcode('shang', -13878));
PIPE ROW(spcode('shao', -13870));
PIPE ROW(spcode('she', -13859));
PIPE ROW(spcode('shen', -13847));
PIPE ROW(spcode('sheng', -13831));
PIPE ROW(spcode('shi', -13658));
PIPE ROW(spcode('shou', -13611));
PIPE ROW(spcode('shu', -13601));
PIPE ROW(spcode('shua', -13406));
PIPE ROW(spcode('shuai', -13404));
PIPE ROW(spcode('shuan', -13400));
PIPE ROW(spcode('shuang', -13398));
PIPE ROW(spcode('shui', -13395));
PIPE ROW(spcode('shun', -13391));
PIPE ROW(spcode('shuo', -13387));
PIPE ROW(spcode('si', -13383));
PIPE ROW(spcode('song', -13367));
PIPE ROW(spcode('sou', -13359));
PIPE ROW(spcode('su', -13356));
PIPE ROW(spcode('suan', -13343));
PIPE ROW(spcode('sui', -13340));
PIPE ROW(spcode('sun', -13329));
PIPE ROW(spcode('suo', -13326));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ta', -13318));
PIPE ROW(spcode('tai', -13147));
PIPE ROW(spcode('tan', -13138));
PIPE ROW(spcode('tang', -13120));
PIPE ROW(spcode('tao', -13107));
PIPE ROW(spcode('te', -13096));
PIPE ROW(spcode('teng', -13095));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ti', -13091));
PIPE ROW(spcode('tian', -13076));
PIPE ROW(spcode('tiao', -13068));
PIPE ROW(spcode('tie', -13063));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ting', -13060));
PIPE ROW(spcode('tong', -12888));
PIPE ROW(spcode('tou', -12875));
PIPE ROW(spcode('tu', -12871));
PIPE ROW(spcode('tuan', -12860));
PIPE ROW(spcode('tui', -12858));
PIPE ROW(spcode('tun', -12852));
PIPE ROW(spcode('tuo', -12849));
PIPE ROW(spcode('wa', -12838));
PIPE ROW(spcode('wai', -12831));
PIPE ROW(spcode('wan', -12829));
PIPE ROW(spcode('wang', -12812));
PIPE ROW(spcode('wei', -12802));
PIPE ROW(spcode('wen', -12607));
PIPE ROW(spcode('weng', -12597));
PIPE ROW(spcode('wo', -12594));
PIPE ROW(spcode('wu', -12585));
PIPE ROW(spcode('xi', -12556));
PIPE ROW(spcode('xia', -12359));
PIPE ROW(spcode('xian', -12346));
PIPE ROW(spcode('xiang', -12320));
PIPE ROW(spcode('xiao', -12300));
PIPE ROW(spcode('xie', -12120));
PIPE ROW(spcode('xin', -12099));
PIPE ROW(spcode('xing', -12089));
PIPE ROW(spcode('xiong', -12074));
PIPE ROW(spcode('xiu', -12067));
PIPE ROW(spcode('xu', -12058));
PIPE ROW(spcode('xuan', -12039));
PIPE ROW(spcode('xue', -11867));
PIPE ROW(spcode('xun', -11861));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ya', -11847));
PIPE ROW(spcode('yan', -11831));
PIPE ROW(spcode('yang', -11798));
PIPE ROW(spcode('yao', -11781));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ye', -11604));
PIPE ROW(spcode('yi', -11589));
PIPE ROW(spcode('yin', -11536));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ying', -11358));
PIPE ROW(spcode('yo', -11340));
PIPE ROW(spcode('yong', -11339));
PIPE ROW(spcode('you', -11324));
PIPE ROW(spcode('yu', -11303));
PIPE ROW(spcode('yuan', -11097));
PIPE ROW(spcode('yue', -11077));
PIPE ROW(spcode('yun', -11067));
PIPE ROW(spcode('za', -11055));
PIPE ROW(spcode('zai', -11052));
PIPE ROW(spcode('zan', -11045));
PIPE ROW(spcode('zang', -11041));
PIPE ROW(spcode('zao', -11038));
PIPE ROW(spcode('ze', -11024));
PIPE ROW(spcode('zei', -11020));
PIPE ROW(spcode('zen', -11019));
PIPE ROW(spcode('zeng', -11018));
PIPE ROW(spcode('zha', -11014));
PIPE ROW(spcode('zhai', -10838));
PIPE ROW(spcode('zhan', -10832));
PIPE ROW(spcode('zhang', -10815));
PIPE ROW(spcode('zhao', -10800));
PIPE ROW(spcode('zhe', -10790));
PIPE ROW(spcode('zhen', -10780));
PIPE ROW(spcode('zheng', -10764));
PIPE ROW(spcode('zhi', -10587));
PIPE ROW(spcode('zhong', -10544));
PIPE ROW(spcode('zhou', -10533));
PIPE ROW(spcode('zhu', -10519));
PIPE ROW(spcode('zhua', -10331));
PIPE ROW(spcode('zhuai', -10329));
PIPE ROW(spcode('zhuan', -10328));
PIPE ROW(spcode('zhuang', -10322));
PIPE ROW(spcode('zhui', -10315));
PIPE ROW(spcode('zhun', -10309));
PIPE ROW(spcode('zhuo', -10307));
PIPE ROW(spcode('zi', -10296));
PIPE ROW(spcode('zong', -10281));
PIPE ROW(spcode('zou', -10274));
PIPE ROW(spcode('zu', -10270));
PIPE ROW(spcode('zuan', -10262));
PIPE ROW(spcode('zui', -10260));
PIPE ROW(spcode('zun', -10256));
PIPE ROW(spcode('zuo', -10254));
RETURN;
END;
4.创建汉字转拼音的函数
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION getSpell
(
cnString IN VARCHAR2
)
RETURN VARCHAR2
IS
lv_spell VARCHAR2(500);
lv_temp VARCHAR2(30);
lv_char VARCHAR2(30);
lv_bytes VARCHAR2(200);
li_bytes INTEGER;
li_pos INTEGER;
BEGIN
--遍历传入的中文的每个字符，做相应处理
FOR i IN 1..LENGTH(cnString) LOOP
--先截取出对应的字符
lv_char := SUBSTR(cnString,i,1);
IF LENGTHB(lv_char) = 1 THEN
--如果字节长度是1，则认为是ASCII码
lv_spell:=lv_spell||lv_char;
ELSIF LENGTHB(lv_char) = 2 THEN
--如果字节长度是2，则认为是ZHS16GBK编码(即编码格式为GBK)
--获取汉字标码
SELECT REPLACE(
SUBSTRB(
DUMP(lv_char,1010),
INSTRB(DUMP(lv_char,1010),'ZHS16GBK:')
),
'ZHS16GBK: '
,''
) INTO lv_bytes FROM DUAL;
li_pos:=INSTR(lv_bytes,',');
li_bytes:=SUBSTR(lv_bytes,1,li_pos-1)*256+SUBSTR(lv_bytes,li_pos+1)-256*256;
--查看此汉字的表码是否在区间范围之内
IF (li_bytes < -20319 OR li_bytes > -10254) THEN
--如果不在区间之内，则认为是不确定的字符集
lv_spell:=lv_spell||'?';
ELSE
--从管道表中查找对应的汉字
SELECT MAX("name") INTO lv_temp FROM TABLE(getTblSpcode) WHERE "code" <= li_bytes;
lv_spell:=lv_spell||lv_temp;
END IF;
ELSIF LENGTHB(lv_char) = 3 THEN
--如果字节长度是3，则认为是UTF8编码
--先将UTF8字符集的字符串转换为ZHS16GBK,并取出存储结构
SELECT REPLACE(
SUBSTRB(
DUMP(CONVERT(lv_char,'ZHS16GBK','UTF8') ,1010),
INSTRB(DUMP( CONVERT(lv_char,'ZHS16GBK','UTF8'),1010),'UTF8:')
),
'UTF8: '
,''
) INTO lv_bytes FROM DUAL;
li_pos:=INSTR(lv_bytes,',');
li_bytes:=SUBSTR(lv_bytes,1,li_pos-1)*256+SUBSTR(lv_bytes,li_pos+1)-256*256;
--查看此汉字的表码是否在区间范围之内
IF (li_bytes < -20319 OR li_bytes > -10254) THEN
--如果不在区间之内，则认为是不确定的字符集
lv_spell:=lv_spell||'?';
ELSE
--从管道表中查找对应的汉字
SELECT MAX("name") INTO lv_temp FROM TABLE(getTblSpcode) WHERE "code" <= li_bytes;
lv_spell:=lv_spell||lv_temp;
END IF;
END IF;
END LOOP;
RETURN lv_spell;
END;
5.测试一下
SELECT getSpell('汉字转拼音') FROM DUAL