http://www.cmykrgb123.cn/blog/string-hash-compare/
常用的字符串Hash函数还有ELFHash,APHash等等,都是十分简单有效的方法。这些函数使用位运算使得每一个字符都对最后的函数值产生影响。另外还有以MD5和SHA1为代表的杂凑函数,这些函数几乎不可能找到碰撞。
常用字符串哈希函数有BKDRHash,APHash,DJBHash,JSHash,RSHash,SDBMHash,PJWHash,ELFHash等等。对于以上几种哈希函数,我对其进行了一个小小的评测。
Hash函数 | 数据1 | 数据2 | 数据3 | 数据4 | 数据1得分 | 数据2得分 | 数据3得分 | 数据4得分 | 平均分 |
BKDRHash | 2 | 0 | 4774 | 481 | 96.55 | 100 | 90.95 | 82.05 | 92.64 |
APHash | 2 | 3 | 4754 | 493 | 96.55 | 88.46 | 100 | 51.28 | 86.28 |
DJBHash | 2 | 2 | 4975 | 474 | 96.55 | 92.31 | 0 | 100 | 83.43 |
JSHash | 1 | 4 | 4761 | 506 | 100 | 84.62 | 96.83 | 17.95 | 81.94 |
RSHash | 1 | 0 | 4861 | 505 | 100 | 100 | 51.58 | 20.51 | 75.96 |
SDBMHash | 3 | 2 | 4849 | 504 | 93.1 | 92.31 | 57.01 | 23.08 | 72.41 |
PJWHash | 30 | 26 | 4878 | 513 | 0 | 0 | 43.89 | 0 | 21.95 |
ELFHash | 30 | 26 | 4878 | 513 | 0 | 0 | 43.89 | 0 | 21.95 |
其中数据1为100000个字母和数字组成的随机串哈希冲突个数。数据2为100000个有意义的英文句子哈希冲突个数。数据3为数据1的哈希值与 1000003(大素数)求模后存储到线性表中冲突的个数。数据4为数据1的哈希值与10000019(更大素数)求模后存储到线性表中冲突的个数。
经过比较,得出以上平均得分。平均数为平方平均数。可以发现,BKDRHash无论是在实际效果还是编码实现中,效果都是最突出的。APHash也 是较为优秀的算法。DJBHash,JSHash,RSHash与SDBMHash各有千秋。PJWHash与ELFHash效果最差,但得分相似,其算 法本质是相似的。
在信息修竞赛中,要本着易于编码调试的原则,个人认为BKDRHash是最适合记忆和使用的。。
附:各种哈希函数的C语言程序代码
unsigned
int
SDBMHash(
char
*
str)
{
unsigned int hash = 0 ;
while ( * str)
{
// equivalent to: hash = 65599*hash + (*str++);
hash = ( * str ++ ) + (hash << 6 ) + (hash << 16 ) - hash;
}
return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF );
}
// RS Hash Function
unsigned int RSHash( char * str)
{
unsigned int b = 378551 ;
unsigned int a = 63689 ;
unsigned int hash = 0 ;
while ( * str)
{
hash = hash * a + ( * str ++ );
a *= b;
}
return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF );
}
// JS Hash Function
unsigned int JSHash( char * str)
{
unsigned int hash = 1315423911 ;
while ( * str)
{
hash ^= ((hash << 5 ) + ( * str ++ ) + (hash >> 2 ));
}
return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF );
}
// P. J. Weinberger Hash Function
unsigned int PJWHash( char * str)
{
unsigned int BitsInUnignedInt = (unsigned int )( sizeof (unsigned int ) * 8 );
unsigned int ThreeQuarters = (unsigned int )((BitsInUnignedInt * 3 ) / 4 );
unsigned int OneEighth = (unsigned int )(BitsInUnignedInt / 8 );
unsigned int HighBits = (unsigned int )( 0xFFFFFFFF ) << (BitsInUnignedInt - OneEighth);
unsigned int hash = 0 ;
unsigned int test = 0 ;
while ( * str)
{
hash = (hash << OneEighth) + ( * str ++ );
if ((test = hash & HighBits) != 0 )
{
hash = ((hash ^ (test >> ThreeQuarters)) & ( ~ HighBits));
}
}
return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF );
}
// ELF Hash Function
unsigned int ELFHash( char * str)
{
unsigned int hash = 0 ;
unsigned int x = 0 ;
while ( * str)
{
hash = (hash << 4 ) + ( * str ++ );
if ((x = hash & 0xF0000000L ) != 0 )
{
hash ^= (x >> 24 );
hash &= ~ x;
}
}
return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF );
}
// BKDR Hash Function
unsigned int BKDRHash( char * str)
{
unsigned int seed = 131 ; // 31 131 1313 13131 131313 etc..
unsigned int hash = 0 ;
while ( * str)
{
hash = hash * seed + ( * str ++ );
}
return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF );
}
// DJB Hash Function
unsigned int DJBHash( char * str)
{
unsigned int hash = 5381 ;
while ( * str)
{
hash += (hash << 5 ) + ( * str ++ );
}
return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF );
}
// AP Hash Function
unsigned int APHash( char * str)
{
unsigned int hash = 0 ;
int i;
for (i = 0 ; * str; i ++ )
{
if ((i & 1 ) == 0 )
{
hash ^= ((hash << 7 ) ^ ( * str ++ ) ^ (hash >> 3 ));
}
else
{
hash ^= ( ~ ((hash << 11 ) ^ ( * str ++ ) ^ (hash >> 5 )));
}
}
return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF );
}
{
unsigned int hash = 0 ;
while ( * str)
{
// equivalent to: hash = 65599*hash + (*str++);
hash = ( * str ++ ) + (hash << 6 ) + (hash << 16 ) - hash;
}
return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF );
}
// RS Hash Function
unsigned int RSHash( char * str)
{
unsigned int b = 378551 ;
unsigned int a = 63689 ;
unsigned int hash = 0 ;
while ( * str)
{
hash = hash * a + ( * str ++ );
a *= b;
}
return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF );
}
// JS Hash Function
unsigned int JSHash( char * str)
{
unsigned int hash = 1315423911 ;
while ( * str)
{
hash ^= ((hash << 5 ) + ( * str ++ ) + (hash >> 2 ));
}
return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF );
}
// P. J. Weinberger Hash Function
unsigned int PJWHash( char * str)
{
unsigned int BitsInUnignedInt = (unsigned int )( sizeof (unsigned int ) * 8 );
unsigned int ThreeQuarters = (unsigned int )((BitsInUnignedInt * 3 ) / 4 );
unsigned int OneEighth = (unsigned int )(BitsInUnignedInt / 8 );
unsigned int HighBits = (unsigned int )( 0xFFFFFFFF ) << (BitsInUnignedInt - OneEighth);
unsigned int hash = 0 ;
unsigned int test = 0 ;
while ( * str)
{
hash = (hash << OneEighth) + ( * str ++ );
if ((test = hash & HighBits) != 0 )
{
hash = ((hash ^ (test >> ThreeQuarters)) & ( ~ HighBits));
}
}
return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF );
}
// ELF Hash Function
unsigned int ELFHash( char * str)
{
unsigned int hash = 0 ;
unsigned int x = 0 ;
while ( * str)
{
hash = (hash << 4 ) + ( * str ++ );
if ((x = hash & 0xF0000000L ) != 0 )
{
hash ^= (x >> 24 );
hash &= ~ x;
}
}
return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF );
}
// BKDR Hash Function
unsigned int BKDRHash( char * str)
{
unsigned int seed = 131 ; // 31 131 1313 13131 131313 etc..
unsigned int hash = 0 ;
while ( * str)
{
hash = hash * seed + ( * str ++ );
}
return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF );
}
// DJB Hash Function
unsigned int DJBHash( char * str)
{
unsigned int hash = 5381 ;
while ( * str)
{
hash += (hash << 5 ) + ( * str ++ );
}
return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF );
}
// AP Hash Function
unsigned int APHash( char * str)
{
unsigned int hash = 0 ;
int i;
for (i = 0 ; * str; i ++ )
{
if ((i & 1 ) == 0 )
{
hash ^= ((hash << 7 ) ^ ( * str ++ ) ^ (hash >> 3 ));
}
else
{
hash ^= ( ~ ((hash << 11 ) ^ ( * str ++ ) ^ (hash >> 5 )));
}
}
return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF );
}