SpringMVC又一个漂亮的web框架,他与Struts2并驾齐驱,Struts出世早而占据了一定优势,我在博客《Struts1+Hibernate+Spring整合实例》中做了一个简单的实例,介绍了SSH1的基本搭建方式,Struts2是根据Struts1发展而来,博客中就没有贴SSH2的例子,只对比了下Struts1和Struts2异同,通过对比,SSH2的搭建基本不在话下了。下面同样做一个简单的应用实例,介绍SpringMVC的基本用法,接下来的博客也将梳理一下Struts2和SpringMVC的一些异同,通过梳理和旧知识的联系,让学习的成本变低,花很短的时间就可以了解一门貌似新的技术,其实本质没变。
下面开始实例,这个实例的需求是对用户信息进行增删改查。首先创建一个web项目test_ssh,目录结构及需要的Jar包如下图:
创建一个User实体类,放在Entity包下,采用注解的方式:
package com.tgb.entity; import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.Table; import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator; @Entity @Table(name="T_USER") public class User { @Id @GeneratedValue(generator="system-uuid") @GenericGenerator(name = "system-uuid",strategy="uuid") @Column(length=32) private String id; @Column(length=32) private String userName; @Column(length=32) private String age; public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } public String getUserName() { return userName; } public void setUserName(String userName) { this.userName = userName; } public String getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(String age) { this.age = age; } }
本篇关于SpringMVC基本都会采用注解的方式,首先配置好数据源以及事务spring-common.xml,放在config.spring包下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <!-- 配置数据源 --> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource" > <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost/test_ssh"></property> <property name="username" value="root"></property> <property name="password" value="1"></property> </bean> <!-- 配置SessionFactory --> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <property name="hibernateProperties"> <props> <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop> <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop> <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop> <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop> </props> </property> <property name="annotatedClasses"> <list> <value>com.tgb.entity.User</value> </list> </property> </bean> <!-- 配置一个事务管理器 --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/> </bean> <!-- 配置事务,使用代理的方式 --> <bean id="transactionProxy" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" abstract="true"> <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"></property> <property name="transactionAttributes"> <props> <prop key="add*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception</prop> <prop key="modify*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-myException</prop> <prop key="del*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> </props> </property> </bean> </beans>
然后配置关于SpringMVC的内容,下面配置中都有注释说明,就不再赘述,spring-mvc.xml放在config.spring包下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd"> <!-- 注解扫描包 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.tgb" /> <!-- 开启注解 --> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <!-- 静态资源(js/image)的访问 --> <mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"/> <!-- 定义视图解析器 --> <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/"></property> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property> </bean> </beans>
完成这些共用的配置之后,来配置web项目起点web.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5"> <display-name>json_test</display-name> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>login.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <!-- 加载所有的配置文件 --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath*:config/spring/spring-*.xml</param-value> </context-param> <!-- 配置Spring监听 --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- 配置SpringMVC --> <servlet> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath*:config/spring/spring-mvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- 配置字符集 --> <filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- 配置Session --> <filter> <filter-name>openSession</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>openSession</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> </web-app>
读者需自行下载jquery包,放到webContent文件夹下的js包下。然后创建几个测试页面,分别如下:
Login.jsp,项目的入口界面。
<h5><a href="/test_ssh/user/getAllUser">进入用户管理页</a></h5>
Index.jsp,用户管理的主界面
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <script type="text/javascript" src="../js/jquery-1.7.1.js"></script> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Insert title here</title> <script type="text/javascript"> function del(id){ $.get("/test_ssh/user/delUser?id=" + id,function(data){ if("success" == data.result){ alert("删除成功"); window.location.reload(); }else{ alert("删除失败"); } }); } </script> </head> <body> <h6><a href="/test_ssh/user/toAddUser">添加用户</a></h6> <table border="1"> <tbody> <tr> <th>姓名</th> <th>年龄</th> <th>操作</th> </tr> <c:if test="${!empty userList }"> <c:forEach items="${userList }" var="user"> <tr> <td>${user.userName }</td> <td>${user.age }</td> <td> <a href="/test_ssh/user/getUser?id=${user.id }">编辑</a> <a href="javascript:del('${user.id }')">删除</a> </td> </tr> </c:forEach> </c:if> </tbody> </table> </body> </html>
addUser.jsp,添加用户界面
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Insert title here</title> <script type="text/javascript"> function addUser(){ var form = document.forms[0]; form.action = "/test_ssh/user/addUser"; form.method="post"; form.submit(); } </script> </head> <body> <h1>添加用户</h1> <form action="" name="userForm"> 姓名:<input type="text" name="userName"> 年龄:<input type="text" name="age"> <input type="button" value="添加" onclick="addUser()"> </form> </body> </html>
editUser.jsp,修改用户信息界面。
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <script type="text/javascript" src="../js/jquery-1.7.1.js"></script> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Insert title here</title> </head> <body> <h1>编辑用户</h1> <form action="/test_ssh/user/updateUser" name="userForm" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value="${user.id }"> 姓名:<input type="text" name="userName" value="${user.userName }"> 年龄:<input type="text" name="age" value="${user.age }"> <input type="submit" value="编辑" > </form> </body> </html>
还有success.jsp和error.jsp页面,无代码,就不再展示。
框架越来越多,越来越好用,但随之而来的繁杂的、各成体系的配置怎么办?项目大了感觉注解靠谱些。
下篇继续。