概述
关于ASP.NET MVC中路由有两个基本核心作用,一是通过Http请求中的Url参数等信息获取路由数据(RouteData),路由数据包含了area、controller、action的名称等信息。只有获取了匹配的路由数据,才有可能转入ASP.NET MVC管道;二是根据由规则生成Url,比如要根据某些数据生成View上显示的链接。
Orchard对路由进行扩展主要基于如下原因:
(1)、路由定义在各个模块中。在Orchard应用程序初始化时将分散在各个模块的路由定义收集起来统一注册。
(2)、路由定义一次,对于多Shell系统,则会被多次注册以匹配Shell的前缀。
(3)、当请求进入时需要确认进入了哪个Shell,并且在成Url时也需要加上Shell的Url前缀。
(4)、将WorkContextAccessor放入路由数据的DataTokens中。WorkContextAccessor工作上下文访问器封装了HTTP上下文、Autofa容器等信息。
(5)、重置IRouteHandler和IHttpHandler,以包含WorkContextAccessor、包含Shell的配置(ShellSettings)、包含应用程序域中正在运行的Shell(RunningShellTable)、设置SessionState等。
请留意下文描述中System.Web.Routing.RouteBase、Route、RouteData、Orchard.Mvc.Routes.ShellRoute、Orchard.Mvc.Routes.
RouteDescriptor及Orchard.Mvc.Routes.Http
RouteDescriptor之间的关系。
一、路由的定义
如果Orchard模块需要路由,并不是在Global.asax.cs等地方直接配置,而是先将路由定义在模块源码一个或多个实现了
Orchard.Mvc.Routes.IRouteProvide.IRouteProvider接口或
Orchard.WebApi.Routes.IHttpRouteProvider的类的IEnumerable<RouteDescriptor> GetRoutes()方法中。
如Orchard.Blogs模块就定义了一个名为Routes的类,该类就实现了IRouteProvider接口,主要关注GetRoutes方法:
// 以下代码来在Orchard.Blogs.Routes类
public
IEnumerable
<
RouteDescriptor
> GetRoutes() {
return
new
[] {
new
RouteDescriptor
{
Route =
new
Route
(
"Admin/Blogs/Create"
,
new
RouteValueDictionary
{
{
"area"
,
"Orchard.Blogs"
},
{
"controller"
,
"BlogAdmin"
},
{
"action"
,
"Create"
}
},
new
RouteValueDictionary
(),
new
RouteValueDictionary
{
{
"area"
,
"Orchard.Blogs"
}
},
new
MvcRouteHandler
())
},
GetRoutes方法返回一个路由描述RouteDescriptor对象集合。
RouteDescriptor类包装了一个RouteBase类,并有Name和Priority属性:
public
class
RouteDescriptor
{
public
string
Name {
get
;
set
; }
public
int
Priority {
get
;
set
; }
public
RouteBase
Route {
get
;
set
; }
public
SessionStateBehavior
SessionState {
get
;
set
; }
}
一般在定义路由时用到的是Route类,它继承了RouteBase类。
通过Priority属性,我们可以更好的控制路由的注册顺序,而不是按定义的先后顺序进行注册。
在路由注册时,通过一系列的RouteDescriptor对象就够获取到对应的RouteBase对象了。
IHttpRouteProvider接口的实现类的作用类似,只是专为WebApi服务而已。有兴趣的可以看看Orchard.Mvc.Routes.StandardExtensionRouteProvider类,顺便也留意一下HttpRouteDescriptor:RouteDescriptor类。
二、路由的注册
在Shell被激活时,会将分散到不同的模块的路由收集起来,并由RoutePublisher注册到全局路由表中:
// 以下代码来在Orchard.Environment.DefaultOrchardShell类
public
void
Activate() {
var allRoutes = new List< RouteDescriptor>();
allRoutes.AddRange(_routeProviders.SelectMany(provider => provider.GetRoutes()));
allRoutes.AddRange(_httpRouteProviders.SelectMany(provider => provider.GetRoutes()));
_routePublisher.Publish(allRoutes);
_modelBinderPublisher.Publish(_modelBinderProviders.SelectMany(provider => provider.GetModelBinders()));
using
(
var
events = _eventsFactory()) {
events.Value.Activated();
}
_sweepGenerator.Activate();
}
_routeProviders是一个IEnumerable<
IRouteProvider>型的私有字段,Autofac在创建DefaultOrchardShell对象时会通过构造器注入的方式初始化该字段。实际上就是相应Shell需要用到的各个模块中的的IRouteProvider对象,通过调用IRouteProvider.GetRoutes方法则可将RouteDescriptor对象收集起来。
_httpRouteProviders是一个IEnumerable<
IHttpRouteProvider>型私有字段,实际上IHttpRouteProvider接口IRouteProvider接口完全一样。_httpRouteProviders和_routeProviders的初始化方式也一样。不同的是_httpRouteProviders是为WebApi服务的。
_routePublisher是一个
Orchard.Mvc.Routes.RoutePublisher对象,其Publish方法中,将
RouteDescriptor对象对应的RouteBase(一般为Route)对象,包装成ShellRoute对象注册到MVC的全局路由表中:
// 以下代码来在Orchard.Mvc.Routes.RoutePublisher类
public
void
Publish(
IEnumerable
<
RouteDescriptor
> routes) {
var
routesArray = routes
.OrderByDescending(r => r.Priority)
.ToArray();
// this is not called often, but is intended to surface problems before
// the actual collection is modified
var
preloading =
new
RouteCollection
();
foreach
(
var
routeDescriptor
in
routesArray) {
// extract the WebApi route implementation
var
httpRouteDescriptor = routeDescriptor
as
HttpRouteDescriptor
;
if
(httpRouteDescriptor !=
null
) {
var
httpRouteCollection =
new
RouteCollection
();
httpRouteCollection.MapHttpRoute(httpRouteDescriptor.Name, httpRouteDescriptor.RouteTemplate, httpRouteDescriptor.Defaults);
routeDescriptor.Route = httpRouteCollection.First();
}
preloading.Add(routeDescriptor.Name, routeDescriptor.Route);
}
using
(_routeCollection.GetWriteLock()) {
// existing routes are removed while the collection is briefly inaccessable
var
cropArray = _routeCollection
.OfType<
ShellRoute
>()
.Where(sr => sr.ShellSettingsName == _shellSettings.Name)
.ToArray();
foreach
(
var
crop
in
cropArray) {
_routeCollection.Remove(crop);
}
// new routes are added
foreach
(
var
routeDescriptor
in
routesArray) {
// Loading session state information.
var
defaultSessionState =
SessionStateBehavior
.Default;
ExtensionDescriptor
extensionDescriptor =
null
;
if
(routeDescriptor.Route
is
Route
) {
object
extensionId;
var
route = routeDescriptor.Route
as
Route
;
if
(route.DataTokens !=
null
&& route.DataTokens.TryGetValue(
"area"
,
out
extensionId) ||
route.Defaults !=
null
&& route.Defaults.TryGetValue(
"area"
,
out
extensionId)) {
extensionDescriptor = _extensionManager.GetExtension(extensionId.ToString());
}
}
else
if
(routeDescriptor.Route
is
IRouteWithArea
) {
var
route = routeDescriptor.Route
as
IRouteWithArea
;
extensionDescriptor = _extensionManager.GetExtension(route.Area);
}
if
(extensionDescriptor !=
null
) {
// if session state is not define explicitly, use the one define for the extension
if
(routeDescriptor.SessionState ==
SessionStateBehavior
.Default) {
Enum
.TryParse(extensionDescriptor.SessionState,
true
/*ignoreCase*/
,
out
defaultSessionState);
}
}
// Route-level setting overrides module-level setting (from manifest).
var
sessionStateBehavior = routeDescriptor.SessionState ==
SessionStateBehavior
.Default ? defaultSessionState : routeDescriptor.SessionState ;
var shellRoute = new ShellRoute(routeDescriptor.Route, _shellSettings, _workContextAccessor, _runningShellTable) {
IsHttpRoute = routeDescriptor is HttpRouteDescriptor ,
SessionState = sessionStateBehavior
};
_routeCollection.Add(routeDescriptor.Name, shellRoute);
}
}
}
ShellRoute类通过装饰器模式包装了一个System.Web.Routing.RouteBase类,其本身也是继承自RouteBase类。
要特别留意创建ShellRoute对象时为构造函数提供的几个参数:
routeDescriptor.Route:ShellRoute所包含的Route。
_shellSettings:ShellRoute对应的ShellSettings。
_workContextAccessor:WorkContextAccessor是Shell级的单例,其在WorkContextModule中被注册。它包装了一个Shell相关的Autofac子容器,通过该容器可以Resolve出Shell作用域的对象。
_runningShellTable:正在运行的Shell对应的ShellSettings表。
三、路由映射——根据请求路径查找匹配的路由数据(RouteData)
从Url角度上讲,怎么区分两个Shell呢?首先两个Shell可以拥有不同的域名,或者拥有相同的域名但不同的Url前缀。如:
(1)、其中一个Shell无域名
Shell 1 - 无
Shell 2 - www.yourdomain2.com
(2)、不同的域名
Shell 1 - www.yourdomain1.com
Shell 2 - www.yourdomain2.com
(3)、相同的域名,不同的Url前缀
Shell 1 - www.yourdomain1.com/abc
Shell 2 - www.yourdomain1.com/def
(4)、相同的域名,只有一个Shell的Url前缀
Shell 1 - www.yourdomain1.com
Shell 2 - www.yourdomain1.com/def
这种情况会先检查Url是否匹配Shell 2,然后再检查是否匹配Shell 1。Url前缀长度越长,越优先检查。
引申:
Shell 1 - www.yourdomain1.com/abc/def
Shell 2 - www.yourdomain1.com/abc
(5)、一个Shell可以对应单个或多个域名
Shell 1 - www.yourdomain1.com
Shell 2 - www.yourdomain2.com和 www.yourdomain3.com
(6)、更复杂的配置
为了方便分析,这里我们假设Orchard中配置了两个Shell,ShellSettings设置如下:
Shell 1:ShellSettings.RequestUrlHost ="www.yourdomain1.com",ShellSettings.RequestUrlPrefix=String.Empty
Shell 2:ShellSettings.RequestUrlHost ="www.yourdomain2.com",ShellSettings.RequestUrlPrefix="abc"
并且某模块被这两个Shell使用,该模块的Routes:
IRouteProvider类中定义了一个匹配"{controller}/{action}"的路由。需要注意一点,虽然这里只定义一个路由,但是这里两个Shell都会用到,所以会被包装成两个ShellRoute对象注册到全局路由表中。
再假设一个新的Http请求进入,Url是:http://www.yourdomain2.com/abc/home/index
首先System.Web.Routing.UrlRouteModule会遍历全局路由表中的路由,期待获取一个RouteData对象。当遍历到我们刚刚注册的路由时,会调用路由的GetRouteData方法:
// 以下代码来在Orchard.Mvc.Routes.ShellRoute类
public
override
RouteData
GetRouteData(
HttpContextBase
httpContext) {
// locate appropriate shell settings for request
var
settings = _runningShellTable.Match(httpContext);
// only proceed if there was a match, and it was for this client
if
(settings ==
null
|| settings.Name != _shellSettings.Name)
return
null
;
var
effectiveHttpContext = httpContext;
if
(_urlPrefix !=
null
)
effectiveHttpContext =
new
UrlPrefixAdjustedHttpContext
(httpContext, _urlPrefix);
var
routeData = _route.GetRouteData(effectiveHttpContext);
if
(routeData ==
null
)
return
null
;
// push provided session state behavior to underlying MvcHandler
effectiveHttpContext.SetSessionStateBehavior(SessionState);
// otherwise wrap handler and return it
routeData.RouteHandler =
new
RouteHandler
(_workContextAccessor, routeData.RouteHandler, SessionState);
routeData.DataTokens[
"IWorkContextAccessor"
] = _workContextAccessor;
if
(IsHttpRoute) {
routeData.Values[
"IWorkContextAccessor"
] = _workContextAccessor;
// for WebApi
}
return
routeData;
}
Shell被成功激活后,其对应的ShellSettings会存入在一个RunningShellTable对象中。在这里也就是_runningShellTable变量。
根据传入的Url,找到匹配的ShellSettings存入局部变量_settings:
var
settings = _runningShellTable.Match(httpContext);
下面看看Match的过程:
///
该方法位于Orchard.Environment.RunningShellTable类中
public
ShellSettings
Match(
string
host,
string
appRelativePath) {
var
hostLength = host.IndexOf(
':'
);
if
(hostLength != -1)
host = host.Substring(0, hostLength);
var
mostQualifiedMatch = _shellsByHost
.Where(group => host.EndsWith(group.Key,
StringComparison
.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
.SelectMany(group => group
.OrderByDescending(settings => (settings.RequestUrlPrefix ??
string
.Empty).Length))
.FirstOrDefault(settings => settings.State.CurrentState !=
TenantState
.
State
.Disabled && appRelativePath.StartsWith(
"~/"
+ (settings.RequestUrlPrefix ??
string
.Empty),
StringComparison
.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
return mostQualifiedMatch ?? _fallback;
}
所以
http://www.yourdomain2.com/abc/home/index匹配到的Shell为Shell 2。
GetRouteData方法接下来有个判断:
if
(settings ==
null
|| settings.Name != _shellSettings.Name)
return
null
;
settings可能为null这好理解,但其Name值为什么可能不相等呢?请留意RunningShellTable.Match方法的最后一行的_fallback变量,这里就不再详述。
如果Shell包含Url前缀,则调整HttpContext:
var
effectiveHttpContext = httpContext;
if
(_urlPrefix !=
null
)
effectiveHttpContext =
new
UrlPrefixAdjustedHttpContext
(httpContext, _urlPrefix);
_urlPrefix是一个
Orchard.Mvc.Routes.UrlPrefix
对象,它包装了一个用来表示Shell的Url前缀
字符串
。如果RoutePublisher在创建ShellRoute时,传入的_shellSettings参数的RequestUrlPrefix属性不为null或空,则
_urlPrefix不会为null。
UrlPrefix类有两个重要的方法:RemoveLeadingSegments
和PrependLeadingSegments。如果
_urlPrefix包装的
Url前缀
字符串为"abc",则
_urlPrefix.RemoveLeadingSegments("~/abc/home/index")返回的值是"~/abc/home/index",而
_urlPrefix.PrependLeadingSegments("~/home/index")返回的值是"~/abc/home/index"。
UrlPrefixAdjustedHttpContext类最主要的目的是替换掉原来的HttpRequest,以使得HttpRequest的AppRelativeCurrentExecutionFilePath属性能够返回一个去掉Url前缀的值。这样做得目的是为了能够按"常规"方式获取到RouteData。
如
ShellRoute的
RequestUrlPrefix属性值为"abc",请求的
Url是:
http://www.yourdomain2.com/abc/home/index
则AppRelativeCurrentExecutionFilePath返回的值是:
~/home/index
_route.GetRouteData方法的调用,也就是刚才说的"常规"方式:
var
routeData = _route.GetRouteData(effectiveHttpContext);
if
(routeData ==
null
)
return
null
;
GetRouteData最后的代码也简单:
// push provided session state behavior to underlying MvcHandler
effectiveHttpContext.SetSessionStateBehavior(SessionState);
// otherwise wrap handler and return it
routeData.RouteHandler =
new
RouteHandler
(_workContextAccessor, routeData.RouteHandler, SessionState);
routeData.DataTokens[
"IWorkContextAccessor"
] = _workContextAccessor;
if
(IsHttpRoute) {
routeData.Values[
"IWorkContextAccessor"
] = _workContextAccessor;
// for WebApi
}
这里的RouteHandler类是ShellRoute的私有嵌套类,其通过装饰器模式包装了一个IRouteHandler对象。相关类型还有私有嵌套类HttpHandler和HttpAsyncHandler。RouteHandler是为了Autofac容器的应用到
IHttpHandler中。
在上面提到的Orchard.Blogs.Routes类中,定义的Route的RouteHandler是MvcRouteHandler,这里重新包装成RouteHandler对象再赋给routeData的RouteHandler属性。
后面再将_workContextAccessor保存进routeData的DataTokens中。
四、根据路由规则生成Url
public
override
VirtualPathData
GetVirtualPath(
RequestContext
requestContext,
RouteValueDictionary
values) {
// locate appropriate shell settings for request
var
settings = _runningShellTable.Match(requestContext.HttpContext);
// only proceed if there was a match, and it was for this client
if
(settings ==
null
|| settings.Name != _shellSettings.Name)
return
null
;
var
effectiveRequestContext = requestContext;
if
(_urlPrefix !=
null
)
effectiveRequestContext =
new
RequestContext
(
new
UrlPrefixAdjustedHttpContext
(requestContext.HttpContext, _urlPrefix), requestContext.RouteData);
var virtualPath = _route.GetVirtualPath(effectiveRequestContext, values);
if
(virtualPath ==
null
)
return
null
;
if
(_urlPrefix !=
null
)
virtualPath.VirtualPath = _urlPrefix.PrependLeadingSegments(virtualPath.VirtualPath);
return
virtualPath;
}
前面几行代码和GetRouteData类似,关注点在UrlPrefixAdjustedHttpContext类和UrlPrefix类,在分析GetRouteData方法时已有简单分析。
相关类型:
Orchard.Mvc.Routes.ShellRoute : RouteBase, IRouteWithArea
Orchard.Mvc.Routes.RouteDescriptor
Orchard.Mvc.Routes.HttpRouteDescriptor
Orchard.Mvc.Routes.IRouteProvider : IDependency
Orchard.Mvc.Routes.IHttpRouteProvider : IDependency
Orchard.Mvc.Routes.DefaultRouteProvider:IRouteProvider
Orchard.Mvc.Routes.StandardExtensionRouteProvider:IRouteProvider
Orchard.Mvc.Routes.RoutePublisher : IRoutePublisher
Orchard.Mvc.Routes.UrlPrefix
Orchard.Mvc.Routes.UrlPrefixAdjustedHttpContext
Orchard.Environment.RunningShellTable : IRunningShellTable
Orchard.Environment.WorkContextAccessor : IWorkContextAccessor
Orchard.WorkContext