Orchard源码分析(7.1):Routing(路由)相关

概述
关于ASP.NET MVC中路由有两个基本核心作用,一是通过Http请求中的Url参数等信息获取路由数据(RouteData),路由数据包含了area、controller、action的名称等信息。只有获取了匹配的路由数据,才有可能转入ASP.NET MVC管道;二是根据由规则生成Url,比如要根据某些数据生成View上显示的链接。
 
Orchard对路由进行扩展主要基于如下原因:
(1)、路由定义在各个模块中。在Orchard应用程序初始化时将分散在各个模块的路由定义收集起来统一注册。
(2)、路由定义一次,对于多Shell系统,则会被多次注册以匹配Shell的前缀。
(3)、当请求进入时需要确认进入了哪个Shell,并且在成Url时也需要加上Shell的Url前缀。
(4)、将WorkContextAccessor放入路由数据的DataTokens中。WorkContextAccessor工作上下文访问器封装了HTTP上下文、Autofa容器等信息。
(5)、重置IRouteHandler和IHttpHandler,以包含WorkContextAccessor、包含Shell的配置(ShellSettings)、包含应用程序域中正在运行的Shell(RunningShellTable)、设置SessionState等。
 
请留意下文描述中System.Web.Routing.RouteBase、Route、RouteData、Orchard.Mvc.Routes.ShellRoute、Orchard.Mvc.Routes. RouteDescriptor及Orchard.Mvc.Routes.Http RouteDescriptor之间的关系。
 
一、路由的定义
如果Orchard模块需要路由,并不是在Global.asax.cs等地方直接配置,而是先将路由定义在模块源码一个或多个实现了 Orchard.Mvc.Routes.IRouteProvide.IRouteProvider接口或 Orchard.WebApi.Routes.IHttpRouteProvider的类的IEnumerable<RouteDescriptor> GetRoutes()方法中。
如Orchard.Blogs模块就定义了一个名为Routes的类,该类就实现了IRouteProvider接口,主要关注GetRoutes方法:
         // 以下代码来在Orchard.Blogs.Routes类
         public  IEnumerable < RouteDescriptor > GetRoutes() {
             return  new  [] {
                              new  RouteDescriptor  {
                                                     Route =  new  Route  (
                                                          "Admin/Blogs/Create" ,
                                                          new  RouteValueDictionary  {
                                                                                      { "area" ,  "Orchard.Blogs"  },
                                                                                      { "controller"  ,  "BlogAdmin" },
                                                                                      { "action" ,  "Create"  }
                                                                                  },
                                                          new  RouteValueDictionary  (),
                                                          new  RouteValueDictionary  {
                                                                                      { "area" ,  "Orchard.Blogs"  }
                                                                                  },
                                                          new  MvcRouteHandler  ())
                                                 },
        //......
GetRoutes方法返回一个路由描述RouteDescriptor对象集合。
RouteDescriptor类包装了一个RouteBase类,并有Name和Priority属性:
     public  class  RouteDescriptor  {
         public  string  Name {  get ;  set ; }
         public  int  Priority {  get ;  set ; }
         public  RouteBase  Route {  get ;  set ; }
         public  SessionStateBehavior  SessionState {  get ;  set ; }
    }
一般在定义路由时用到的是Route类,它继承了RouteBase类。
通过Priority属性,我们可以更好的控制路由的注册顺序,而不是按定义的先后顺序进行注册。
在路由注册时,通过一系列的RouteDescriptor对象就够获取到对应的RouteBase对象了。
 
IHttpRouteProvider接口的实现类的作用类似,只是专为WebApi服务而已。有兴趣的可以看看Orchard.Mvc.Routes.StandardExtensionRouteProvider类,顺便也留意一下HttpRouteDescriptor:RouteDescriptor类。
 
二、路由的注册
在Shell被激活时,会将分散到不同的模块的路由收集起来,并由RoutePublisher注册到全局路由表中:
         // 以下代码来在Orchard.Environment.DefaultOrchardShell类
        public  void  Activate() {
            var allRoutes = new List< RouteDescriptor>();
            allRoutes.AddRange(_routeProviders.SelectMany(provider => provider.GetRoutes()));
            allRoutes.AddRange(_httpRouteProviders.SelectMany(provider => provider.GetRoutes()));
 
            _routePublisher.Publish(allRoutes);
            _modelBinderPublisher.Publish(_modelBinderProviders.SelectMany(provider => provider.GetModelBinders()));
 
             using  ( var  events = _eventsFactory()) {
                events.Value.Activated();
            }
 
            _sweepGenerator.Activate();
        }
 
_routeProviders是一个IEnumerable< IRouteProvider>型的私有字段,Autofac在创建DefaultOrchardShell对象时会通过构造器注入的方式初始化该字段。实际上就是相应Shell需要用到的各个模块中的的IRouteProvider对象,通过调用IRouteProvider.GetRoutes方法则可将RouteDescriptor对象收集起来。 
 
_httpRouteProviders是一个IEnumerable< IHttpRouteProvider>型私有字段,实际上IHttpRouteProvider接口IRouteProvider接口完全一样。_httpRouteProviders和_routeProviders的初始化方式也一样。不同的是_httpRouteProviders是为WebApi服务的。
 
_routePublisher是一个 Orchard.Mvc.Routes.RoutePublisher对象,其Publish方法中,将 RouteDescriptor对象对应的RouteBase(一般为Route)对象,包装成ShellRoute对象注册到MVC的全局路由表中:
         // 以下代码来在Orchard.Mvc.Routes.RoutePublisher类
           public  void  Publish( IEnumerable  < RouteDescriptor > routes) {
             var  routesArray = routes
                .OrderByDescending(r => r.Priority)
                .ToArray();
 
             // this is not called often, but is intended to surface problems before
             // the actual collection is modified
             var  preloading =  new  RouteCollection ();
             foreach  ( var  routeDescriptor  in  routesArray) {
 
                 // extract the WebApi route implementation
                 var  httpRouteDescriptor = routeDescriptor  as  HttpRouteDescriptor ;
                 if  (httpRouteDescriptor !=  null  ) {
                     var  httpRouteCollection =  new  RouteCollection ();
                    httpRouteCollection.MapHttpRoute(httpRouteDescriptor.Name, httpRouteDescriptor.RouteTemplate, httpRouteDescriptor.Defaults);
                    routeDescriptor.Route = httpRouteCollection.First();
                }
 
                preloading.Add(routeDescriptor.Name, routeDescriptor.Route);
            }
               
 
             using  (_routeCollection.GetWriteLock()) {
                 // existing routes are removed while the collection is briefly inaccessable
                 var  cropArray = _routeCollection
                    .OfType<  ShellRoute >()
                    .Where(sr => sr.ShellSettingsName == _shellSettings.Name)
                    .ToArray();
 
                 foreach ( var  crop  in  cropArray) {
                    _routeCollection.Remove(crop);
                }
 
                 // new routes are added
                 foreach  ( var  routeDescriptor  in  routesArray) {
                     // Loading session state information.
                     var  defaultSessionState =  SessionStateBehavior  .Default;
 
                     ExtensionDescriptor  extensionDescriptor =  null  ;
                     if (routeDescriptor.Route  is  Route ) {
                         object  extensionId;
                         var  route = routeDescriptor.Route  as  Route ;
                         if (route.DataTokens !=  null  && route.DataTokens.TryGetValue( "area" ,  out  extensionId) ||
                           route.Defaults !=  null  && route.Defaults.TryGetValue( "area" ,  out  extensionId)) {
                            extensionDescriptor = _extensionManager.GetExtension(extensionId.ToString());
                        }
                    }
                     else  if  (routeDescriptor.Route  is  IRouteWithArea ) {
                         var  route = routeDescriptor.Route  as  IRouteWithArea ;
                        extensionDescriptor = _extensionManager.GetExtension(route.Area);
                    }
 
                     if  (extensionDescriptor !=  null  ) {
                         // if session state is not define explicitly, use the one define for the extension
                         if  (routeDescriptor.SessionState ==  SessionStateBehavior .Default) {
                             Enum .TryParse(extensionDescriptor.SessionState,  true  /*ignoreCase*/ ,  out  defaultSessionState);
                        }
                    }
 
                     // Route-level setting overrides module-level setting (from manifest).
                     var  sessionStateBehavior = routeDescriptor.SessionState ==  SessionStateBehavior .Default ? defaultSessionState : routeDescriptor.SessionState ;
 
                    var shellRoute = new ShellRoute(routeDescriptor.Route, _shellSettings, _workContextAccessor, _runningShellTable) {
                        IsHttpRoute = routeDescriptor is HttpRouteDescriptor ,
                        SessionState = sessionStateBehavior
                    };
                    _routeCollection.Add(routeDescriptor.Name, shellRoute);
                }
            }
        }
 
ShellRoute类通过装饰器模式包装了一个System.Web.Routing.RouteBase类,其本身也是继承自RouteBase类。
要特别留意创建ShellRoute对象时为构造函数提供的几个参数:
routeDescriptor.Route:ShellRoute所包含的Route。
_shellSettings:ShellRoute对应的ShellSettings。
_workContextAccessor:WorkContextAccessor是Shell级的单例,其在WorkContextModule中被注册。它包装了一个Shell相关的Autofac子容器,通过该容器可以Resolve出Shell作用域的对象。
_runningShellTable:正在运行的Shell对应的ShellSettings表。
 
三、路由映射——根据请求路径查找匹配的路由数据(RouteData)
 
从Url角度上讲,怎么区分两个Shell呢?首先两个Shell可以拥有不同的域名,或者拥有相同的域名但不同的Url前缀。如:
(1)、其中一个Shell无域名
Shell 1 - 无
Shell 2 - www.yourdomain2.com
(2)、不同的域名
Shell 1 - www.yourdomain1.com
Shell 2 - www.yourdomain2.com
(3)、相同的域名,不同的Url前缀
Shell 1 - www.yourdomain1.com/abc
Shell 2 - www.yourdomain1.com/def
(4)、相同的域名,只有一个Shell的Url前缀
Shell 1 - www.yourdomain1.com
Shell 2 - www.yourdomain1.com/def
这种情况会先检查Url是否匹配Shell 2,然后再检查是否匹配Shell 1。Url前缀长度越长,越优先检查。
引申:
Shell 1 - www.yourdomain1.com/abc/def
Shell 2 - www.yourdomain1.com/abc
(5)、一个Shell可以对应单个或多个域名
Shell 1 - www.yourdomain1.com
Shell 2 - www.yourdomain2.com和 www.yourdomain3.com
(6)、更复杂的配置
 
为了方便分析,这里我们假设Orchard中配置了两个Shell,ShellSettings设置如下:
Shell 1:ShellSettings.RequestUrlHost ="www.yourdomain1.com",ShellSettings.RequestUrlPrefix=String.Empty
Shell 2:ShellSettings.RequestUrlHost ="www.yourdomain2.com",ShellSettings.RequestUrlPrefix="abc"
并且某模块被这两个Shell使用,该模块的Routes: IRouteProvider类中定义了一个匹配"{controller}/{action}"的路由。需要注意一点,虽然这里只定义一个路由,但是这里两个Shell都会用到,所以会被包装成两个ShellRoute对象注册到全局路由表中。
再假设一个新的Http请求进入,Url是:http://www.yourdomain2.com/abc/home/index
 
首先System.Web.Routing.UrlRouteModule会遍历全局路由表中的路由,期待获取一个RouteData对象。当遍历到我们刚刚注册的路由时,会调用路由的GetRouteData方法:
         // 以下代码来在Orchard.Mvc.Routes.ShellRoute类
         public   override   RouteData   GetRouteData(   HttpContextBase   httpContext) {
              // locate appropriate shell settings for request
              var   settings = _runningShellTable.Match(httpContext);
 
              // only proceed if there was a match, and it was for this client
              if   (settings ==   null   || settings.Name != _shellSettings.Name)
                  return   null   ;
 
              var   effectiveHttpContext = httpContext;
              if   (_urlPrefix !=   null   )
                effectiveHttpContext =   new   UrlPrefixAdjustedHttpContext   (httpContext, _urlPrefix);
 
              var   routeData = _route.GetRouteData(effectiveHttpContext);
              if   (routeData ==   null   )
                  return   null   ;
 
              // push provided session state behavior to underlying MvcHandler
            effectiveHttpContext.SetSessionStateBehavior(SessionState);
 
              // otherwise wrap handler and return it
            routeData.RouteHandler =   new   RouteHandler   (_workContextAccessor, routeData.RouteHandler, SessionState);
            routeData.DataTokens[   "IWorkContextAccessor" ] = _workContextAccessor;
 
              if   (IsHttpRoute) {
                routeData.Values[   "IWorkContextAccessor" ] = _workContextAccessor;   // for WebApi
            }
           
              return   routeData;
        }
 
Shell被成功激活后,其对应的ShellSettings会存入在一个RunningShellTable对象中。在这里也就是_runningShellTable变量。
根据传入的Url,找到匹配的ShellSettings存入局部变量_settings:
             var  settings = _runningShellTable.Match(httpContext);
下面看看Match的过程:
         ///  该方法位于Orchard.Environment.RunningShellTable类中
        public  ShellSettings  Match( string  host,  string  appRelativePath) {
             var  hostLength = host.IndexOf( ':'  );
             if  (hostLength != -1)
                host = host.Substring(0, hostLength);
 
             var  mostQualifiedMatch = _shellsByHost
                .Where(group => host.EndsWith(group.Key,  StringComparison .OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                .SelectMany(group => group
                    .OrderByDescending(settings => (settings.RequestUrlPrefix ??  string .Empty).Length))
                    .FirstOrDefault(settings => settings.State.CurrentState !=  TenantState . State  .Disabled && appRelativePath.StartsWith( "~/"  + (settings.RequestUrlPrefix ??  string .Empty),  StringComparison .OrdinalIgnoreCase));
 
            return mostQualifiedMatch ?? _fallback;
        }
  
所以 http://www.yourdomain2.com/abc/home/index匹配到的Shell为Shell 2。
 
GetRouteData方法接下来有个判断:
             if  (settings ==  null  || settings.Name != _shellSettings.Name)
                 return  null  ;
settings可能为null这好理解,但其Name值为什么可能不相等呢?请留意RunningShellTable.Match方法的最后一行的_fallback变量,这里就不再详述。
如果Shell包含Url前缀,则调整HttpContext:
             var  effectiveHttpContext = httpContext;
             if  (_urlPrefix !=  null  )
                effectiveHttpContext =  new  UrlPrefixAdjustedHttpContext  (httpContext, _urlPrefix);
 
_urlPrefix是一个 Orchard.Mvc.Routes.UrlPrefix 对象,它包装了一个用来表示Shell的Url前缀 字符串 。如果RoutePublisher在创建ShellRoute时,传入的_shellSettings参数的RequestUrlPrefix属性不为null或空,则 _urlPrefix不会为null。 UrlPrefix类有两个重要的方法:RemoveLeadingSegments PrependLeadingSegments。如果 _urlPrefix包装的 Url前缀 字符串为"abc",则 _urlPrefix.RemoveLeadingSegments("~/abc/home/index")返回的值是"~/abc/home/index",而 _urlPrefix.PrependLeadingSegments("~/home/index")返回的值是"~/abc/home/index"。
UrlPrefixAdjustedHttpContext类最主要的目的是替换掉原来的HttpRequest,以使得HttpRequest的AppRelativeCurrentExecutionFilePath属性能够返回一个去掉Url前缀的值。这样做得目的是为了能够按"常规"方式获取到RouteData。
ShellRoute的 RequestUrlPrefix属性值为"abc",请求的 Url是:
http://www.yourdomain2.com/abc/home/index
AppRelativeCurrentExecutionFilePath返回的值是:
~/home/index
 
_route.GetRouteData方法的调用,也就是刚才说的"常规"方式:
             var  routeData = _route.GetRouteData(effectiveHttpContext);
             if  (routeData ==  null  )
                 return  null  ;
 
GetRouteData最后的代码也简单:
               // push provided session state behavior to underlying MvcHandler
            effectiveHttpContext.SetSessionStateBehavior(SessionState);
 
              // otherwise wrap handler and return it
            routeData.RouteHandler =   new   RouteHandler   (_workContextAccessor, routeData.RouteHandler, SessionState);
            routeData.DataTokens[   "IWorkContextAccessor" ] = _workContextAccessor;
 
              if   (IsHttpRoute) {
                routeData.Values[   "IWorkContextAccessor" ] = _workContextAccessor;   // for WebApi
            }
 
这里的RouteHandler类是ShellRoute的私有嵌套类,其通过装饰器模式包装了一个IRouteHandler对象。相关类型还有私有嵌套类HttpHandler和HttpAsyncHandler。RouteHandler是为了Autofac容器的应用到 IHttpHandler中。
在上面提到的Orchard.Blogs.Routes类中,定义的Route的RouteHandler是MvcRouteHandler,这里重新包装成RouteHandler对象再赋给routeData的RouteHandler属性。
后面再将_workContextAccessor保存进routeData的DataTokens中。
 
四、根据路由规则生成Url
           public   override   VirtualPathData   GetVirtualPath(   RequestContext   requestContext,   RouteValueDictionary   values) {
              // locate appropriate shell settings for request
              var   settings = _runningShellTable.Match(requestContext.HttpContext);
 
              // only proceed if there was a match, and it was for this client
              if   (settings ==   null   || settings.Name != _shellSettings.Name)
                  return   null   ;
 
              var   effectiveRequestContext = requestContext;
              if   (_urlPrefix !=   null   )
                effectiveRequestContext =   new   RequestContext   ( new   UrlPrefixAdjustedHttpContext   (requestContext.HttpContext, _urlPrefix), requestContext.RouteData);
 
            var virtualPath = _route.GetVirtualPath(effectiveRequestContext, values);
              if   (virtualPath ==   null   )
                  return   null   ;
 
              if   (_urlPrefix !=   null   )
                virtualPath.VirtualPath = _urlPrefix.PrependLeadingSegments(virtualPath.VirtualPath);
 
              return   virtualPath;
        }
  
前面几行代码和GetRouteData类似,关注点在UrlPrefixAdjustedHttpContext类和UrlPrefix类,在分析GetRouteData方法时已有简单分析。
 
 
相关类型:
Orchard.Mvc.Routes.ShellRoute : RouteBase, IRouteWithArea
Orchard.Mvc.Routes.RouteDescriptor
Orchard.Mvc.Routes.HttpRouteDescriptor
Orchard.Mvc.Routes.IRouteProvider : IDependency
Orchard.Mvc.Routes.IHttpRouteProvider : IDependency
Orchard.Mvc.Routes.DefaultRouteProvider:IRouteProvider 
Orchard.Mvc.Routes.StandardExtensionRouteProvider:IRouteProvider 
Orchard.Mvc.Routes.RoutePublisher : IRoutePublisher
Orchard.Mvc.Routes.UrlPrefix
Orchard.Mvc.Routes.UrlPrefixAdjustedHttpContext
Orchard.Environment.RunningShellTable : IRunningShellTable
Orchard.Environment.WorkContextAccessor : IWorkContextAccessor
Orchard.WorkContext

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