iOS学习系列 - 扩展机制category与associative

category与associative作为objective-c的扩展机制的两个特性,category即类型,可以通过它来扩展方法;associative,可以通过它来扩展属性;在iOS开发中,可能category比较常见,相对的associative,就用的比较少,要用它必须使用<objc/runtime.h>的头文件,然后就可以自由使用objc_getAssociatedObject以及objc_setAssociatedObject,我们来看下这两个方法:

OBJC_EXPORT  void objc_setAssociatedObject( id  objectconst  void *key,  id value, objc_AssociationPolicy policy)
__OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING(__MAC_10_6, __IPHONE_3_1);
OBJC_EXPORT  id objc_getAssociatedObject( id  objectconst  void *key)
__OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING(__MAC_10_6, __IPHONE_3_1);

另外还有一个方法:

OBJC_EXPORT  void objc_removeAssociatedObjects( id  object)
__OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING(__MAC_10_6, __IPHONE_3_1);

objc_getAssociatedObject、objc_setAssociatedObject、objc_removeAssociatedObjects都是Obj-c中的外联方法,object 参数作为待扩展的对象实例,key作为该对象实例的属性的键,而value就是对象实例的属性的值,policy作为关联的策略,它的枚举包括:

enum {
OBJC_ASSOCIATION_ASSIGN =  0,
OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC =  1,
OBJC_ASSOCIATION_COPY_NONATOMIC =  3,
OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN =  01401,
OBJC_ASSOCIATION_COPY =  01403
};

具体我就多说了,可以看得懂的。

另外,objc_removeAssociatedObjects可以删除指定对象实例的所有扩展属性。

现在看一个简单的例子:(引用网上的例子:http://code4app.com/ios/Block-UI/504fe65d6803faa33f000003 )

iOS学习系列 - 扩展机制category与associative_第1张图片

这里,定义了一个"alert view"的按钮:

UIButton *button = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect];
[viewController.view addSubview:button];
button.frame = CGRectMake( 505010044);
[button setTitle: @" alert view " forState:UIControlStateNormal];

现在对UIButton通过使用category对其进行方法扩展:

@implementation UIControl (BUIControl)
…...
- ( void)handleControlEvent:(UIControlEvents) event withBlock:( void(^)( id sender))block {
NSString *methodName = [UIControl eventName: event];
NSMutableDictionary *opreations = (NSMutableDictionary*)objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &OperationKey);
if(opreations == nil)
{
opreations = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &OperationKey, opreations, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN);
}
[opreations setObject:block forKey:methodName];
[self addTarget:self action:NSSelectorFromString(methodName) forControlEvents: event];
}

objc_getAssociatedObject,objc_setAssociatedObject进行属性扩展:

OperationKey是一个字符类型,这里表示一个键,如果Opreations为空,会setAssociatedObject一个新的opreations对象到对应键的值中间。

addTarget:action:forControlEvents对于触摸事件进行目标绑定。

NSSelectorFromString(methodName) 将触发方法:

-( void)UIControlEventTouchDown{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventTouchDown];}
-( void)UIControlEventTouchDownRepeat{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventTouchDownRepeat];}
-( void)UIControlEventTouchDragInside{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventTouchDragInside];}
-( void)UIControlEventTouchDragOutside{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventTouchDragOutside];}
-( void)UIControlEventTouchDragEnter{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventTouchDragEnter];}
-( void)UIControlEventTouchDragExit{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventTouchDragExit];}
-( void)UIControlEventTouchUpInside{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];}
-( void)UIControlEventTouchUpOutside{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventTouchUpOutside];}
-( void)UIControlEventTouchCancel{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventTouchCancel];}
-( void)UIControlEventValueChanged{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventValueChanged];}
-( void)UIControlEventEditingDidBegin{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventEditingDidBegin];}
-( void)UIControlEventEditingChanged{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventEditingChanged];}
-( void)UIControlEventEditingDidEnd{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventEditingDidEnd];}
-( void)UIControlEventEditingDidEndOnExit{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventEditingDidEndOnExit];}
-( void)UIControlEventAllTouchEvents{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventAllTouchEvents];}
-( void)UIControlEventAllEditingEvents{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventAllEditingEvents];}
-( void)UIControlEventApplicationReserved{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventApplicationReserved];}
-( void)UIControlEventSystemReserved{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventSystemReserved];}
-( void)UIControlEventAllEvents{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventAllEvents];}

注意到这里会去执行callActionBlock:方法:

- ( void)callActionBlock:(UIControlEvents) event {
NSMutableDictionary *opreations = (NSMutableDictionary*)objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &OperationKey);
if(opreations == nil)  return;
void(^block)( id sender) = [opreations objectForKey:[UIControl eventName: event]];
if (block) block(self);
}

最终会从扩展属性中得到^block,关于^block可以参考:http://blog.csdn.net/pjk1129/article/details/6577097

最后调用:

[button handleControlEvent:UIControlEventTouchUpInside withBlock:^( id sender) {
UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle: @" alert "
message:nil
delegate:nil
cancelButtonTitle: @" ok "
otherButtonTitles: @" other ",nil];
}];

点击按钮就会触发一个block函数。

iOS学习系列 - 扩展机制category与associative_第2张图片

这样就实现了objective-c的两种扩展机制。

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