oracle 安装后需要调整内容

1 . 修改进程数量 默认150
2 . redo 默认50M, 改成100M或更大，具体根据redo的量来设置
3 . redo每组默认3组每组一个成员，建议每组两个成员以上
4 . 设置sga pga大小 oltp系统通常（要设置好，防止内存抖动）
5 . undo_retention 参数默认是900s 是15分钟，推荐设置为设置为10800，即3个小时
6 . 11g以后默认是开启审计功能的，安装后如果不需要可以关闭，需要的话 把aud$表迁移到一个自定义表空间里面.
   防止该表将systen表空间占大，影响数据库的性能问题。步骤略。
7 . Flash_Recovery_Area 如果开闪回了， 默认大小4G,建议增大到5~10G(具体视情况而定)步骤略
8 . 临时表空间 和 undo表空间的大小设置，20~30G(具体看实际业务而定)
9 . 安装的时候要选好字符集 , 默认的不推荐   utf-8 或 gbk
10 .开启归档模式
11 . 控制文件默认2个，增加一个

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1. 修改进程数量 默认150

SQL> show parameter process;

NAME                         TYPE     VALUE
---------------------------------------------------------------
aq_tm_processes              integer     1
cell_offload_processing      boolean     TRUE
db_writer_processes          integer     1
gcs_server_processes         integer     0
global_txn_processes         integer     1
job_queue_processes          integer     1000
log_archive_max_processes    integer     4
processes                    integer     150
processor_group_name         string

1.1 修改进程数量为1500

SQL> alter system set processes=1500 scope=spfile;
System altered.

1.2 重启才能生效

SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area  534462464 bytes
Fixed Size            2230072 bytes
Variable Size          327157960 bytes
Database Buffers      197132288 bytes
Redo Buffers            7942144 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

1.3 查看修改后的进程数量

SQL> show parameter process;
NAME                         TYPE     VALUE
---------------------------------------------------------------
aq_tm_processes              integer     1
cell_offload_processing      boolean     TRUE
db_writer_processes          integer     1
gcs_server_processes         integer     0
global_txn_processes         integer     1
job_queue_processes          integer     1000
log_archive_max_processes    integer     4
processes                    integer     1500
processor_group_name         string

---------------------------------------------------------------

2. redo 默认50M, 改成100M或更大，具体根据redo的量来设置；


2.1  查看当前日志组成员

SQL> select member from v$logfile; 
MEMBER
----------------------------------------------------------------
/home/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ytzx/redo01.log
/home/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ytzx/redo02.log
/home/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ytzx/redo03.log

2.2  查看当前日志组状态：

SQL>  select group#,members,bytes/1024/1024,status from v$log; 

    GROUP#    MEMBERS BYTES/1024/1024 STATUS
---------- ---------- --------------- ----------------------------
     1        1           50 CURRENT
     2        1           50 INACTIVE
     3        1           50 INACTIVE

现在有三个日志成员，大小为50M，欲更改为100M

2.3增加日志组

SQL>alter database add logfile group 4 ('/home/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ytzx/redo04.log') size 100M;
SQL>alter database add logfile group 5 ('/home/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ytzx/redo05.log') size 100M;
SQL>alter database add logfile group 6 ('/home/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ytzx/redo06.log') size 100M;

SQL> select group#,members,bytes/1024/1024,status from v$log; 
    GROUP#    MEMBERS BYTES/1024/1024 STATUS
---------- ---------- --------------- ---------------------------
     1        1           50 CURRENT
     2        1           50 INACTIVE
     3        1           50 INACTIVE
     4        1          100 UNUSED
     5        1          100 UNUSED
     6        1          100 UNUSED

6 rows selected.

2.4 切换日志

SQL> alter system switch logfile;


2.5 查看current状态的日志再那个日志组

SQL> select group#,members,bytes/1024/1024,status from v$log; 

    GROUP#    MEMBERS BYTES/1024/1024 STATUS
---------- ---------- --------------- --------------------------
     1        1           50 ACTIVE
     2        1           50 INACTIVE
     3        1           50 INACTIVE
     4        1          100 ACTIVE
     5        1          100 ACTIVE
     6        1          100 CURRENT


2.6 删除之前小的日志组

SQL> alter database drop logfile group 1;
SQL> alter database drop logfile group 2;
SQL> alter database drop logfile group 3;

SQL> select group#,members,bytes/1024/1024,status from v$log; 

    GROUP#    MEMBERS BYTES/1024/1024 STATUS
---------- ---------- --------------- ------------------------------
     4        1          100 INACTIVE
     5        1          100 ACTIVE
     6        1          100 CURRENT

现在 三组日志都是100m了


3 . redo每组默认3组每组一个成员，建议每组两个成员以上

3.1 给组添加成员：

SQL> alter database add logfile member '/home/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ytzx/redo04_2.log' to group 4;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add logfile member '/home/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ytzx/redo05_2.log' to group 5;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add logfile member '/home/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ytzx/redo06_2.log' to group 6;
Database altered.

删成员：alter database drop logfile member '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo04b.log' 
删除组：alter database drop logfile group 9 ； 只是删除了ctl文件,物理文件没删 所以添加的时候 加 reuse

3.2 查看日志信息

SQL> select group#,members,bytes/1024/1024,status from v$log; 

    GROUP#    MEMBERS BYTES/1024/1024 STATUS
------------------------------------------
     4        2          100 INACTIVE
     5        2          100 INACTIVE
     6        2          100 CURRENT
现在每组2个成员了
------------------------------------------

4.  设置sga pga大小 oltp系统通常（要设置好，防止内存抖动）
         sga=内存*80%*80%    pga=内存*80%*20%

SQL> show parameter memory
NAME                            TYPE     VALUE
-------------------------------------------------
hi_shared_memory_address         integer     0
memory_max_target                big integer 0
memory_target                    big integer 0
shared_memory_address            integer     0

SQL> show parameter sga;

NAME                     TYPE        VALUE
---------------------------------------------
lock_sga                 boolean     FALSE
pre_page_sga             boolean     FALSE
sga_max_size             big integer 512M
sga_target               big integer 512M

SQL> show parameter pga;

NAME                     TYPE     VALUE
-------------------------------------------------------
pga_aggregate_target             big integer 2592M


SQL> alter system set memory_target=4096m scope=spfile;
System altered.

SQL> alter system set memory_max_target=4096m scope=spfile;
System altered.

SQL> alter system set sga_target=3027m scope=spfile;
System altered.

SQL> alter system set sga_max_size=3027m scope=spfile;
System altered.

SQL> alter system set pga_aggregate_target=3027m scope=spfile;
System altered.

SQL> alter system set pga_aggregate_target=1024m scope=spfile;
System altered.

SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 3173429248 bytes
Fixed Size            2232552 bytes
Variable Size          469765912 bytes
Database Buffers     2684354560 bytes
Redo Buffers           17076224 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

SQL> show parameter memory

NAME                                   TYPE   VALUE
-------------------------------------------------------
hi_shared_memory_address             integer     0
memory_max_target                big integer    4G
memory_target                    big integer    4G
shared_memory_address                integer     0
SQL> show parameter sga 

NAME                            TYPE     VALUE
-------------------------------------------------------
lock_sga                     boolean     FALSE
pre_page_sga                 boolean     FALSE
sga_max_size                 big integer 3040M
sga_target                   big integer 3040M
SQL> show parameter pga

NAME                     TYPE     VALUE
-------------------------------------------------------
pga_aggregate_target             big integer 1G

现在内存已经固定了，方式高并发情况下的内存抖动


5.   undo_retention 参数默认是900s 是15分钟，推荐设置为设置为10800，即3个小时

SQL> show parameter undo_retention
NAME                     TYPE     VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------
undo_retention                 integer     900    --默认900

SQL> alter system set undo_retention=10800 scope=spfile;
System altered.

SQL> show parameter undo_retention
NAME                     TYPE     VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------
undo_retention        integer     900

SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 3173429248 bytes
Fixed Size            2232552 bytes
Variable Size          486543128 bytes
Database Buffers     2667577344 bytes
Redo Buffers           17076224 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

SQL> show parameter undo_retention
NAME                  TYPE     VALUE
---------------------------------------
undo_retention        integer  10800
SQL> 

6.  11g以后默认是开启审计功能的，安装后如果不需要可以关闭，需要的话 把aud$表迁移到一个自定义表空间里面.
   防止该表将systen表空间占大，影响数据库的性能问题。步骤略。

7.Flash_Recovery_Area 如果开闪回了， 默认大小4G,建议增大到5~10G(具体视情况而定)步骤略

8.临时表空间 和 undo表空间的大小设置，20~30G

8.1 设置临时表空间大小
    
8.1.1 检查oracle系统临时表空间大小：

SQL> select sum(bytes)/1024/1024 "temp size(M)" from dba_temp_files where tablespace_name='DATATALKTEMP';
temp size(M)
------------
      60       --默认60M

8.1.2 查看临时表空间大小、是否自动扩展  
    
SQL> select file_name,bytes/1024/1024 "MB",autoextensible,tablespace_name from dba_temp_files;

FILE_NAME                                                 MB    AUT    TABLESPACE_NAME
---------- --- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ytzx/temp01.dbf             60    YES              TEMP
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ytzx/datatalktemp01.dbf  10240    YES       DATATALKTEMP


8.1.3  增大临时表空间文件的大小，把20M 缩小成10240 M

 SQL> alter database tempfile  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ytzx/temp01.dbf' resize 10240M autoextend on next 100M maxsize 10G;

8.1.4 增加临时文件

 alter tablespace temp add tempfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ytzx/temp02.dbf' size 10240M aitpextemd pm mext 100M maxsize 10G;


8.2 undo表空间大小设置

 8.2.1 查询undo表空间大小

SQL> select sum(bytes)/1024/1024 "current undo size(M)" from dba_data_files where tablespace_name='UNDOTBS1';
  current undo size(M)
   --------------------
         575   --默认570M

 8.2.2 增大undo表空间文件大小

SQL> alter database datafile '/home/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ytzx/undotbs01.dbf' resize 10240M;

 8.2.3 给undo表空间增加数据文件

SQL> alter tablespace UNDOTBS1  add datafile '/home/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ytzx/undotbs2.dbf' size 10240M  autoextend on;

 8.2.4 查看现在undo表空间大小

SQL>  select sum(bytes)/1024/1024 "current undo size(M)" from dba_data_files where tablespace_name='UNDOTBS1';
current undo size(M)
--------------------
           20480 --现在为20G


9.安装的时候要选好字符集 , 默认的不推荐   utf-8 或 gbk

10.开启归档模式

10.1 查看是否为归档模式

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode           No Archive Mode
Automatic archival           Disabled
Archive destination           /home/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1/dbs/arch
Oldest online log sequence     54
Current log sequence           56

默认是disable 状态，没有开启归档

10.2 修改归档路径

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/home/u01/oradata/arch' scope=spfile;
System altered.

10.3 修改为归档模式

SQL> alter database archivelog;
Database altered.

10.4 查看是否为归档模式

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode           Archive Mode
Automatic archival           Enabled
Archive destination           /home/u01/oradata/arch
Oldest online log sequence     54
Next log sequence to archive   56
Current log sequence           56

11. 控制文件默认2个，增加一个

11.1 查看控制文件的路径和状态

SQL> show parameter control
NAME                               TYPE       VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
control_file_record_keep_time       integer     7
control_files                       string     /home/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ytzx/control01.ctl, 
                                               /home/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ytzx/control02.ctl
control_management_pack_access      string     DIAGNOSTIC+TUNING

11.2 关闭数据库

SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

11.3 拷贝控制文件

cp /home/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ytzx/control01.ctl /home/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ytzx/control03.ctl

然后如果用的spfile就用alter system 如果是用的pfile直接修改文件，我使用的spfile

11.4 启动数据库为nomount状态
 
SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 3173429248 bytes
Fixed Size            2232552 bytes
Variable Size          486543128 bytes
Database Buffers     2667577344 bytes
Redo Buffers           17076224 bytes

11.5 修改spfile里面控制文件的路径

alter system set  control_files='/home/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ytzx/control01.ctl',
  '/home/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ytzx/control02.ctl',
  '/home/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ytzx/control03.ctl'
 sope=spfile;

11.6 关闭数据库

SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 3173429248 bytes
Fixed Size            2232552 bytes
Variable Size          486543128 bytes
Database Buffers     2667577344 bytes
Redo Buffers           17076224 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

11.7 查看控制文件

SQL> show parameter control
NAME                               TYPE       VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
control_file_record_keep_time       integer     7
control_files                       string     /home/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ytzx/control01.ctl, 
                                               /home/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ytzx/control02.ctl
                                               /home/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ytzx/control03.ctl
control_management_pack_access      string     DIAGNOSTIC+TUNING

现在有3个控制文件了。