whether 连词或代词词性都不能作为疑问词

whether作为“是否”讲却没有疑问意味

从可行性上进行分析:

我们知道一般疑问句和特殊疑问句,其句子,都是助动词(be,will,could,do等)提前到主语之前了。

把一个陈述句的助动词提前,变成一般疑问句,那么这句话就表示“……是否……?”这样的疑问了。

所以在一般疑问句里,我们不需要whether来表示疑问含义。

那么whether能引导起来特殊疑问句吗?显然也不能,前面有文章说过,特殊疑问词,是代替了原陈述句中的某一因素,缺的是什么,就用what,缺的是人,就用who,缺的是什么人的,就用whose,缺的是原因,就用why,等等。那么whether能代替句子中的什么因素么?显然是不能的。所以它也构成不了特殊疑问句。


从词性上:

whether在现代英语中是连词,用来引导从句。

其意义为“是还是否,不管是不是”,

--主句--|||||||| ---从句---
I don't know whether you like flowers, sir.
先生,我不知道您喜欢还是不喜欢花。

-----主句------|||||||| -------从句---------
We'll go on with the work, whether we can find the necessary tools or not.
我们要把这件工作做下去,不管我们能不能找到所需的工具。


这样来看,我们就可以体会到它并没有疑问意味。

=================================

我们知道,一句话说完,就要加句号“。”“.”。

但有很多句子,从语法角度来分析,明明可以看作是两句话,但它们之间却是逗号“,”。这就是因为,这两个句子甚至多个句子之间,联系是紧密的,是围绕着一个事情的。

那么这两个或多个句子它们就叫做并列句、主从句,有从属关系的,就是主从句。没有从属关系,而是表示同一个含义(引申),表示不同含义(转折,选择,对比),表示因果关系的,这样的句子就是并列句。

在语言里,也就有相应的连词,用来连接这样的关系紧密的两个或多个句子。而连词不止连接两个句子,还被用来连接词语或者短语。

引导句子的时候,它们叫做并列连词或者从属连词。只在它们后面跟短语,或仅仅只跟单词,那时候它们就只叫连词,而不是从属连词了。


在英语里,

常见的表示语义引申的并列连词有: and 、 neither…nor 、both…and 、not only... but also 、as well as,它们分别可以对应汉语中的连词:

           and——“而且,以及”,
   neither…nor——“既不会也不会”
   both…and   ——“既…又”
not only...but also——“不止…还,不止…而且”
      as well as——“同时,并且”

1. and

Justice is on your side,and justice will triumph over injustice. 正义在你们一边,而正义是会战胜邪恶的。

Go straight on and you'll see a church.   一直走下去你便可以看到一座教堂。

2. neither... nor

She could neither speak nor write . 她既不会说,也不会写。

3. both... and

A man should have both courage and perseverance.一个人既要有勇气又要有毅力。

4. not only... but also

We should not only be bold, but also be cautious. 我们不仅要大胆,而且要谨慎。

5. as well as 不常用

I have read one of his novels as well as a few of his plays. 我读过他的一本小说和几个剧本。

表示选择的并列连词有:

or ——或者,否则

either... or——“不是…就是”“或者…或者”

1. or

You may do it yourself, or ask someone else to do it. 你可以自己做或者让别人做。

2. either... or

I left it either on the table or in the drawer. 我不是把它放在桌子上了,就是放在抽屉里了。

You'll either behave yourself, or you'll never go out with me. 你要么老实点,要么就永远不能跟我一起出去。

除了表示选择外,or和either... or还可以译为“否则”:

Now I must go, or I shall be late for the party. 我现在得走了,否则晚会我就要迟到了。

表示转折或对比的并列连词有:
but ——但是

yet ——仍旧
however——然而,可是,不过(它还有的别词性,副词)
nevertheless ——然而,不过

1. but

He tried hard but he was unsuccessful. 他做了很大努力但没有成功。

2. yet

The car was old, yet it was in excellent condition. 这辆车子很旧,但仍处于良好的状态。

3. however

I feel a bit tired,however, I can hold on.     我有点累了,但我能坚持下去。


4. nevertheless

I don't know anything against that man; nevertheless I don't trust him. 我对那个人没有什么不良的看法,但我不能信赖他。

She was angry,nevertheless, she listened to me.她很生气,但还是听了我的话。

表示因果关系的并列连词有: 【值得注意的是,下面这四个单词,再加上从属连词because(因为),它们在表示“因为所以”的意思时,只用一个就可以,不能“因为”“所以”都用上。说了“因为”,就不再说“所以”,说了“所以”,也不再说“因为”。
还有though表示“虽然”,but表示“但是”,句子中只要有其中之一就可以,不能“though”“but”都用。

还有“既然”seeing that、considering that,和“那么”so也不能都用。从下列例句中请加以体会】

for——因为
so——所以,因此
therefore ——所以
hence ——因此


1. for

You'd better put on your sweater, for it's rather cold outside. 你最好把毛衣穿上,因为外边相当冷。

2. so

My sister is expecting me,so I must be off now. 姐姐在等我,因此我得走了。

The manager was ill so I went in her place.      经理病了,所以我代她去。

3. therefore

You are right, therefore we should support you. 你是对的,所以我们应当支持你。

4. hence

I fell off my bike yesterday—hence the bruises. 我昨天骑自行车摔倒了——所以青一块、紫一块的。


从属连词是用来引导从句的。

引导时间状语从句的从属连词有:

1. when 当

There was prolonged applause when he began to speak. 他开始讲话时响起了经久不息的掌声。

2. while 正当

We should strike while the iron is hot. 我们要趁热打铁。

3. as 正当

As (When) he entered, the hall burst into thunderous applause. 当他进来时,全场发出雷鸣般的掌声。

4. after… : …之后

After I visit Shanghai I'll travel up the Yangtze. 访问上海之后,我将溯长江而上。

5. before… :…之前

It would be months before he was fit for the work. 要过好几个月他才能适应工作。

6. since……:至…以来,从…至今

It is just a week since we arrived here. 我们到这里才一个星期。

7. until/ till :直到 (这两个词的区别自己找)

I shall stay here until (till) I've completed my studies. 我要在这里待到学习结束为止。

8. as soon as :一俟,一等到,一…就…

As soon as he got well, he went back to work. 他病一好,他就回去上班了。

9. once 一旦,一经

Once he said that, I knew he was lying. 他一说这话,我就知道他在撒谎。
Once you get into a bad habit, you'll find it hard to get out of it.一旦染上坏习惯,想改掉就难了。

引导原因状语从句的从属连词有:

1. because 因为

He failed because he was too careless. 因为他太粗心,所以失败了。
He is absent, because he is ill.因为他病了,所以他缺席了。
(看这两句英语里,只有因为,没再用“所以”)

2. as 因为

As it was already rather dark, we decided to stop at the temple for the night. 因为已经相当晚了,我们决定在庙里待一夜。

3. since 既然

Since you don't want to go, we won't force you to. 既然你不愿意去,我们也不勉强你。
(这里是“既然”,后面也不用再用“那么”so)

4. now that 既然

Now that you are all back, we'd better start the work right away. 你们既然都回来了,我们最好马上就开始工作。
You ought to have a good rest now that you've finished the work.既然已完成了工作,你就应该好好休息一下。

5. considering (that) 考虑到     that可加可不加

They did the job quite well considering (that) they had no experience. 考虑到他们没有什么经验,这项工作他们已经干得不错了。

6. seeing that 有鉴于,由于

Seeing that nobody was very enthusiastic about it, they decided to cancel the trip. 由于(有鉴于)都没有很高的热情,他们决定取消这次旅行。

Seeing that it is eight o'clock, we'll wait no longer.由于时间已到八点,我们将不再等了。


引导条件状语从句的从属连词有:

1. if 如果

If you can do it, so can I. 你要是能办到,我也能办到。 (这里so并不当“因此,所以”讲,so can I是固定用法,“我也能这样”,so 表示“这样”的意思)
He will come if you invite him.如果你请他,他会来的。
If I were you, I would never do that.如果我是你,我决不做那件事。


2. even if 即使

We wouldn't lose heart even if we should fail ten times. 我们就是失败十次也不灰心。

3. unless 除非

I won't go unless you want me to. 除非你要我去,否则我是不会去的。

4. in case 假如,以免(免得)

In case she comes back, let me know immediately.
假使她回来了,立刻告诉我。
We'd better take our raincoats in case it rains. 我们最好把雨衣带着,免得下雨。

5. provided (that) /providing (that) 假如

I'll come provided that you call me in time. 假如你及时给我打电话,我会来的。
I shall go providing (that) it doesn't rain.假如不下雨,我就去。

Provided (that) there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.    假如无人反对,我们就在这里开会。

6. supposing (that)

Supposing that he won't agree, what shall we do?     假如他不同意,我们怎么办?
Supposing he is not at home, what then?(what shall we do?)    假如他不在家,那怎么办?

7. as (so) long as 既然, 只要…就…

You may use the room as long as you keep it clean. 只要保持清洁,你就可以用这个房间。

8. on condition (that) 只要…就…

I'll lend you the book on condition (that) you return it on Monday. 只要你能在星期一还我,这本书我就借给你。

You can use the bicycle on condition that you return it tomorrow.只要你明天归还,自行车你可以拿去用。


引导让步状语从句的从属连词有:

1. although / though 虽然

Everybody worked with great enthusiasm although/though the weather was extremely cold. 虽然天气很冷,大家工作得非常起劲。

有“虽然”了,就不再“但是”BUT.

Though he is rich, his life is not happy.       他虽然很富有,但生活不幸福。

He is rich,but his life is not happy               他很富有,但生活不幸福。

2. even if (though) 即使

Even if I have to walk all the way I'll get there. 即使我得一路走着去,我也要去那里。

引导比较状语从句的从属连词有:

1. than 比

We have produced 20% more cotton this year than we did last year. 我们今年棉花产量比去年高百分之二十。

2. as …… as …   ,so …… as …   和…一样……    意为“ 和‘什么’一样‘怎么样’ ”

He plays piano as well as his sister does.他和他姐姐钢琴弹的一样好。他的钢琴弹的那么好,和他姐姐一样

He doesn't play half as well as his sister does. 他演奏的水平不及他姐姐的一半。 “他弹奏的”和“他姐姐弹奏的”进行类比

She cooks as well as her mother does.她做菜跟她母亲做的一样好。 “她做的”和“她妈妈做的”进行类比

Your pen writes as smoothly as mine.你的钢笔书写起来和我的钢笔一样流畅。你的钢笔和我的钢笔进行类比

可不要把类比对象弄错了,比如上句若说成Your pen writes as smoothly as me.那就成你的钢笔和我一样流畅。就大错了。

拿“so …… as …”来讲,第一个"so"我们就翻译成“那么”,第二个“as”,我们就翻译成“像”
You are so beautiful as your mother.你是那么漂亮,和你妈妈一样。你和你妈妈一样漂亮


引导目的状语从句的从属连词有:

1. lest 唯恐

She explained again and again lest people should misunderstand her. 她一再解释唯恐人们误解。

2. so that 以便于

Speak clearly so that we may understand you. 讲话要清楚,以便我们能听明白。

3. in order that 以便于

He assigned us some books to read in order that we can have a deeper understanding of the subject. 他指定几本书给我们看,以便我们对这一主题有一个较深的了解。

In order that we might get there on time, we should set out early. 为了及时赶到那里, 我们应该早些出发。 我们应该早些出发,以便于能及时赶到那里。


引导结果状语从句的从属连词有:

1. so...that 那么…以致于    

She was so moved that tears came to her eyes. 她是那么激动,以致于热泪盈眶。

2. such...that 那么…以致于

It was such a boring speech that I fell asleep. 这是那么枯燥乏味的一个演讲,以致于我都睡着了。

such...that 和 so...that比较

such 后面是要跟名词的。“那么的一个东西”。
so 后面是跟形容词的。“那么,多么”


引导名词性从句的连词:whether (or not),if

I don't know whether (=if) these figures are accurate. 我不知道这些数字是否精确。

需要注意的是:whether (or not) 可引导大部分名词性从句;if仅可引导宾语从句,而且不可跟or not。例如:

Whether (≠if) they will come or not won't make much difference. 他们来不来关系不大。

I wonder if (=whether) she has received our telegram. 我不知道她是否收到了我们的电报。

还有一个使用率最高的从属连词“that”。它在句子中本身是没有意义的。只是用来把从句和主句分开,但不用它也可以。用了的话,在写作和讲话中,能让人更轻易的分辨出句子结构以方便理解。

(引导名词从句)
He expressed the hope that we would keep in touch with his firm.

他表示希望我们与他的公司保持联系。

My idea is that we should act on his suggestion.

我的意见是我们应当按照他的建议去办。

It is a relief that she is still alive
她还活着,这是令人感到宽慰的。

(引导状语从句)
We are glad that we have accomplished another arduous task.
我们都感到高兴,因为我们又完成了一项艰巨的任务。

更多关于that引导从句的例子,可以去前面《信息员考试》的英语题中去找,本人把结构都用不通颜色标明了。

引用:连词http://baike.baidu.com/view/26757.html?wtp=tt


as busy as a bee像蜜蜂一样忙碌

as easy as ABC像ABC一样容易

as deep as a well像井一样深

as light as a feather像羽毛一样轻

as soft as butter像黄油一样软

as rich as a Jew像犹太人一样富裕

for ,because,as,since这四个词作为连词,都有"因为"的意思,但它们在用法上有区别:


because 是从属连词,接表示直接原因的从句,一般放在主句的后面,也可放在主句前面,它表示的语气最强,在回答why的问句时,必须用because。

例如:The swimming pool won't be open today because they're making repairs.

游泳池今天不开放,因为他们在修理。

Why did you move to France?

你们为什么搬到法国?

Because my father found work in Paris.

因为我父亲在巴黎找到了工作。

注意:在英语中用了because后,不可再用so。


as 是从属连词,说明一般的因果关系,语气比because弱,说明比较明显的原因,它引导的从句通常放在句首,有时也可放在句末。

例如:As it is raining, you\'d better take a taxi.

天下雨了,你最好乘出租车。


since 意为"既然",表示对方已知的无需加以说明的原因或事实,语气比because弱,但是比as 强。

例如:Since we have no money, we can't buy that vase.

既然我们没钱,我们就不能买那花瓶。

Since everybody is here, let's begin our party.

既然大家都到了,那就开始我们的聚会吧!


for 是并列连词,用来附带解释说明前一分句的原因或理由,for引导的并列句,一般放在所要说明的句子的后面。

例如:I went to see him, for I had something to tell him.

我去见他,因为我有事要告诉他。

 

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