sina,sohu等门户级网站架构设计

门户级网站架构设计
1、 新浪
新浪采用了ChinaCache做的CDN系统，ChinaCache在全国分布了四十多个点，同时采用基于动态dns分配的全球服务器负载均衡技术。
从新浪的站点结构可以看出：
>
www.sina.com.cn
Server: UnKnown
Address: 192.168.1.254
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: libra.sina.com.cn
Addresses:61.135.152.71, 61.135.152.72, 61.135.152.73, 61.135.152.7461.135.152.75, 61.135.152.76, 61.135.153.181, 61.135.153.182,61.135.53.183, 61.135.153.184, 61.135.152.65, 61.135.152.66,61.135.152.67, 61.135.12.68, 61.135.152.69, 61.135.152.70
Aliases:
www.sina.com.cn
, jupiter.sina.com.cn
在北京地区ChinaCache将
www.sina.com.cn的网址解析到libra.sina.com.cn
，然后libra.sina.com.cn做了dns负载均衡，将libra.sina.com.cn解析到61.135.152.71等16个ip上，这16个ip分布在北京的多台前台缓存服务器上，使用squid做前台缓存。如果是在其它地区访问
www.sina.com.cn
可能解析到本地相应的服务器，例如pavo.sina.com.cn，然后pavo又对应了很多做了squid的ip。这样就实现了在不同地区访问自动转到最近的服务器访问，达到加快访问速度的效果。
我们再看一个新浪其它频道是指到哪里的：
> news.sina.com.cn
Server: UnKnown
Address: 192.168.1.254
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: libra.sina.com.cn
Addresses:61.135.152.65, 61.135.152.66, 61.135.152.67, 61.135.152.6861.135.152.69, 61.135.152.70, 61.135.152.71, 61.135.152.72,61.135.152.73 61.135.153.178, 61.135.153.179, 61.135.153.180,61.135.153.181, 61.135.153.182 61.135.153.183, 61.135.153.184
Aliases: news.sina.com.cn, jupiter.sina.com.cn
可以看出，各个频道的前台缓存集群与
www.sina.com.cn
的前台缓存集群是相同的。
2、 搜狐
Sohu与新浪的原理差不多，下面是nslookup的结果：
>
www.sohu.com
Server: UnKnown
Address: 192.168.1.254
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: pagegrp1.sohu.com
Addresses:61.135.132.172, 61.135.132.173, 61.135.132.176, 61.135.133.10961.135.145.47, 61.135.150.65, 61.135.150.67, 61.135.150.69,61.135.150.74 61.135.150.75, 61.135.150.113, 61.135.150.145,61.135.131.73, 61.135.131.91 61.135.131.180, 61.135.131.182,61.135.131.183, 61.135.132.65, 61.135.
132.80
Aliases:
www.sohu.com
只不过libra.sina.com.cn换成了pagegrp1.sohu.com
我们再来看一下sohu的频道：
> news.sohu.com
Server: UnKnown
Address: 192.168.1.254
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: pagegrp1.sohu.com
Addresses:61.135.145.47, 61.135.150.65, 61.135.150.67, 61.135.150.6961.135.150.74, 61.135.150.75, 61.135.150.113, 61.135.150.145,61.135.131.73 61.135.131.91, 61.135.131.180, 61.135.131.182,61.135.131.183, 61.135.132.65 61.135.132.80, 61.135.132.172,61.135.132.173, 61.135.132.176, 61.135.133.109
Aliases: news.sohu.com
同新浪相同，用的是同样的服务器群，这可能是因为他们用的都是ChinaCache的服务吧，不过sohu的名字起的有点土，pagegrp1，没有libra，pavo好听，这名字听起来有点像法语，比较浪漫。
3、 网易
网易似乎没用ChinaCache的服务，下面是nslookup结果：
>
www.163.com
Server: UnKnown
Address: 192.168.1.254
Non-authoritative answer:
Name:
www.163.com
Addresses:202.106.168.103, 202.106.168.104, 202.106.168.109, 202.106.168.121202.108.36.153, 202.108.36.155, 202.108.36.156, 202.108.36.167,202.108.36.172 202.108.36.196
直接在
www.163.com
这个域名上做了dns负载均衡。这样的话就要求服务器必须放的非常靠近主节点，才能保证各地的用户访问的速度。
但163不同的频道是放在不同的缓存集群上的，这与sina，sohu有些不同，等于sina，sohu是按照地区划分服务器集群，而网易按照频道划分服务器集群。
> 163.com
Server: UnKnown
Address: 192.168.1.254
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: 163.com
Addresses: 202.108.36.205, 202.108.36.206, 202.108.36.207, 202.108.36.201 202.108.36.202, 202.108.36.203, 202.108.36.204
显然，这和
www.163.com
不是一个集群，我们再来试一个：
> sports.163.com
Server: UnKnown
Address: 192.168.1.254
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: channel.cache.163.com
Addresses: 202.108.36.136, 202.108.36.208, 202.108.36.209, 202.108.36.210 202.108.36.211, 202.108.36.212, 202.108.36.213
Aliases: sports.163.com
可以看出，和上面的集群也是不同的。
4、 百度
百度的前台服务器就不是很多了：
>
www.baidu.com
Server: UnKnown
Address: 192.168.1.254
Non-authoritative answer:
Name:
www.baidu.com
Addresses: 202.108.250.249, 202.108.249.134
> baidu.com
Server: UnKnown
Address: 192.168.1.254
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: baidu.com
Address: 202.108.250.228
> mp3.baidu.com
Server: UnKnown
Address: 192.168.1.254
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: mp3.baidu.com
Address: 202.108.249.131
只有
www.baidu.com
做了两台服务器的集群，频道都用了一台服务器做前台
5、 一搜
> yisou.com
Server: UnKnown
Address: 192.168.1.254
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: yisou.com
Addresses:202.165.102.114, 202.43.217.14, 202.43.217.15, 202.43.217.16202.43.217.17, 202.165.102.111, 202.165.102.112, 202.165.102.113
>
www.yisou.com
Server: UnKnown
Address: 192.168.1.254
Non-authoritative answer:
Name:
www.yisou.com
Addresses:202.43.217.17, 202.165.102.111, 202.165.102.112, 202.165.102.113202.165.102.114, 202.43.217.14, 202.43.217.15, 202.43.217.16
> mp3.yisou.com
Server: UnKnown
Address: 192.168.1.254
Non-authoritative answer:
Name:
www.yisou.com
Addresses:202.165.102.113, 202.165.102.114, 202.43.217.14, 202.43.217.15202.43.217.16, 202.43.217.17, 202.165.102.111, 22.165.102.112
Aliases: mp3.yisou.com
前台做了8台服务器的缓存集群，
www.yisou.com
和 yisou.com以及mp3.yisou.com是用的同一个集群。
通过前面的分析我们可以得到一个结论：sina和sohu使用了CDN与GSBL与dns负载均衡技术，每个地区一组前台服务器群，网易，百度使用了dns负载均衡技术，每个频道一组前台服务器，一搜使用了dns负载技术，所有频道共用一组前台服务器集群。
CDN的效果
       广州访问一搜：
              　Tracing route to
www.yisou.com
[202.165.102.112] over a maximum of 30 hops:　　　
       　1　　　　 6 ms　　　　 6 ms　　　　 6 ms　 此处隐去
       　2