oracle监听的静态注册，与动态注册理解
oracle监听的静态注册，与动态注册理解
监听动态注册时的 listener.ora的配置如下：（注意观察 SID_LIST_LISTENER ）
[oracle@localhost bdump]$ more /oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /oracle)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost.localdomain)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
)
)
监听动态注册时，监听知道实例的具体状态，所以在监听启动之初，其状态显示为 （ status READY ）
如下所示：
[ora11@localhost admin]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 20-NOV-2013 21:27:48
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 23-SEP-2013 13:30:38
Uptime 58 days 8 hr. 57 min. 9 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /oracle/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "lixora" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "lixora", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "lixoraXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "lixora", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "lixora_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "lixora", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ora11g" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ora11gXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
---这时关闭 lixora 数据库
SQL> shutdown abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>
---我们测试在客户端连接
SQL> conn system/oracle@lixora
ERROR:
ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel
ERROR:
ORA-12514: TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect
descriptor
Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.
如上报错信息很明显监听无法获得 （lixora）service 的状态
这时我们再来查看服务端的监听状态：
[ora11@localhost admin]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 20-NOV-2013 21:33:16
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 23-SEP-2013 13:30:38
Uptime 58 days 9 hr. 2 min. 38 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /oracle/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ora11g" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ora11gXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
哈，service lixora 已经消失了，因为动态注册是由pmon 来完成的，oracle 的实例一旦关闭，那么pmon 等进程也就随之关闭了，自然而然就不能动态的将实例服务注册到监听了。
但是，如果我们使用静态注册结果就截然相反了，即使数据库实例已关闭，具有sysdba 权限的用户仍然可以通过监听远程连接到数据库中进行维护操作。
那么我们来测试下静态注册的效果如何？
以下为一个静态注册时监听的配置文件 ，注意观察 SID_LIST_LISTENER 和动态注册时的配置异同：
[oracle@oracle11g admin]$ vi /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME =/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC=
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = mynewdb)
(ORALCE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = mynewdb)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.80.11.202)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
首先，我们先确定下监听的状态：
[oracle@oracle11g admin]$ lsnrctl
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 20-NOV-2013 10:17:25
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.
LSNRCTL> status
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.80.11.202)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 19-NOV-2013 02:19:24
Uptime 1 days 7 hr. 58 min. 4 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracle11g/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.80.11.202)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "mynewdb" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "mynewdb", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
这里可以看到 Instance "mynewdb", status UNKNOWN 这里和前面我们知道的结果一模一样。
-----然后我们把数据库关掉
[root@oracle11g ~]# sh oracle.sh
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Nov 20 10:17:41 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> shutdown abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>
ok，数据库已经成功关闭，这时我们再来看下监听的状态：
LSNRCTL> status
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.80.11.202)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 19-NOV-2013 02:19:24
Uptime 1 days 8 hr. 3 min. 9 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracle11g/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.80.11.202)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "mynewdb" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "mynewdb", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL>
这里可以看到，数据库虽然关闭了，但是相应的Service "mynewdb“ 还在的，status UNKNOWN 状态依然为未知。
为了验证，在静态注册下具有sysdba 权限用户仍然可以通过监听远程连接到数据库中进行维护操作。
这里我将通过，自己的windows上oracle 10g 客户端 远程连接到 oel5 oracle11g的数据库中来启动之前关的实例。
在windows的10g 客户端上配置好 tnsnames.ora
然后测试如下：
Microsoft Windows [版本 6.1.7601]
版权所有 (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。
C:\Users\Administrator>sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期三 11月 20 23:24:42 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn system/oracle@mynewdb as sysdba
ERROR:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
------这里报了一个错，很明显system 有 dba 的role，但是（The DBA role does not include the SYSDBA or SYSOPER system privileges）没有sysdba的系统权限
SQL> conn sys/oracle@mynewdb as sysdba
已连接到空闲例程。
SQL> select * from v$instance;
select * from v$instance
*
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
SQL> startup
ORACLE 例程已经启动。
Total System Global Area 234344448 bytes
Fixed Size 1335696 bytes
Variable Size 146804336 bytes
Database Buffers 83886080 bytes
Redo Buffers 2318336 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
数据库已经打开。
SQL>
至此，关于静态注册，动态注册的对比和实验结束。