ALV知识
http://www.cnblogs.com/VerySky/articles/2322500.html
三、程序的编写
1．在我们写ALV程序的时候，有一个类型组是肯定要用到的：
TYPE-POOLS：SLIS。
在这个类型组中有很多ALV的自定义数据类型以及结构化数据类型（通过TYPE来定义的），我们在写ALV表单的时候需要调用的。我们常用的几个有（蓝色部分）：
I．对一个最简单的ALV表单（无标题区和页脚区），我们只需要定义下面几个
data: i_fieldcat_alv type slis_t_fieldcat_alv with header line,
i_layout type slis_layout_alv, "alv的格式
i_fieldcat type slis_fieldcat_alv，
w_repid like sy-repid.
它对应的start-of-selection中定义子函数如下：
start-of-selection.
perform getdata. “从数据库中取数据到相应内表中
perform layout_build. “用于定义ALV表单的相关格式、属性
perform fields. “用来定义表单中的各个列的相关信息，比如列名等
perform display_data. “用来显示ALV表单
子函数定义如下：
form layout_build.
i_layout-zebra = 'X'.
i_layout-detail_popup = 'X'.“是否弹出详细信息窗口
w_repid = sy-repid. “程序为当前程序
i_layout-f2code = '&ETA'.“设置触发弹出详细信息窗口的功能码，这里是双击
i_layout-no_vline = 'X'.“这个用来设置列间隔线
i_layout-colwidth_optimize = 'X'.“优化列宽选项是否设置
i_layout-detail_initial_lines = 'X'.
i_layout-detail_titlebar = '详细内容'.“设置弹出窗口的标题栏
endform.
form fields.
refresh i_fieldcat_alv.
pos = 1.
clear i_fieldcat.
i_fieldcat-col_pos = pos. “第几列
i_fieldcat-fieldname = 'NUM'.
i_fieldcat-seltext_l = '序号'. “列名
append i_fieldcat to i_fieldcat_alv.
pos = pos + 1.
i_fieldcat-col_pos = pos.
i_fieldcat-fieldname = 'AUFNR'.
i_fieldcat-seltext_l = '生产订单'.
append i_fieldcat to i_fieldcat_alv.
clear i_fieldcat.
…………
Endform.
form display_data.
call function 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY'
exporting
i_callback_program = w_repid “当前程序
i_save = ''
is_layout = i_layout “子函数layout_build填充的格式定义
it_fieldcat = i_fieldcat_alv[]“子函数fields填充的各列
tables
t_outtab = head1. “假设数据都在head1内表中
endform.
II．对一个稍微复杂一点的ALV表单（有标题区和页脚区），我们需要定义下面几个
data: i_fieldcat_alv type slis_t_fieldcat_alv,
“用来存储我们将要在表单显示区域显示出来的表单的列名，每个列名对应的字段名以及列表头其他相关属性信息的数据类型
i_fieldcat type slis_fieldcat_alv,
i_layout type slis_layout_alv. “ALV的格式
data: i_events type slis_t_event,
i_event_exit type slis_t_event_exit,
i_list_comments type slis_t_listheader, “用来填充表单标题区域的数据类型
i_excluding type slis_t_extab.
data:
w_variant like disvariant, "显示变式结构
wx_variant like disvariant,
w_variant_save(1) type c,
w_exit(1) type c,
w_user_specific(1) type c,
w_callback_ucomm type slis_formname, "字符型
w_print type slis_print_alv, "类型组
w_layout type slis_layout_alv, "类型组
w_html_top_of_page type slis_formname, "字符型
w_fieldcat_alv like line of i_fieldcat_alv,
w_excluding like line of i_excluding,
w_events like line of i_events,
w_event_exit like line of i_event_exit,
w_list_comments like line of i_list_comments.
*===========================================================================*
initialization.
perform init_variant. “这个子函数很重要，没有它会出错
*-----------------------------------------*
它对应的start-of-selection中定义子函数如下：
start-of-selection.
perform getdata. “从数据库中取数据到相应内表中
perform event_build.
perform layout_build. “用于定义ALV表单的相关格式、属性
perform fields. “用来定义表单中的各个列的相关信息，比如列名等
perform display_data. “用来显示ALV表单
*-----------------------------------------*
子函数定义如下：（这里只定义前面文档没有提到的子函数，其他同名的请参考前面）
form init_variant.
clear: w_variant.
w_repid = sy-repid. “当前程序
w_variant-report = w_repid.
w_variant-username = sy-uname.
w_variant_save = 'A'. "All types
endform.
form event_build.
call function 'REUSE_ALV_EVENTS_GET'
exporting
i_list_type = 0
importing
et_events = i_events.
read table i_events
with key name = slis_ev_top_of_page
into w_events.
if sy-subrc = 0.
move 'ALV_TOP_OF_PAGE' to w_events-form. “将标题区数据赋值给W_EVENTS
modify i_events from w_events index sy-tabix.
endif.
read table i_events
with key name = slis_ev_end_of_list
into w_events.
if sy-subrc = 0.
move 'ALV_END_OF_LIST' to w_events-form.“将页尾数据赋值给W_EVENTS
modify i_events from w_events index sy-tabix.
endif.
read table i_events
with key name = slis_ev_end_of_page
into w_events.
if sy-subrc = 0.
move 'ALV_END_OF_PAGE' to w_events-form.“将页脚区数据赋值给W_EVENTS
modify i_events from w_events index sy-tabix.
endif.
endform.
*-----------------------------------------*
form event_build子函数中黑体字部分对应的几个子函数，我们需要定义如下：
form alv_top_of_page.
clear: i_list_comments[].
w_list_comments-typ = 'H'. "H=Header, S=Selection, A=Action供选择
w_list_comments-key = ''.
w_list_comments-info = 'XX汽车有限公司变速箱废品率报表'.
append w_list_comments to i_list_comments.
w_list_comments-typ = 'S'. " H = Header, S = Selection, A = Action
w_list_comments-key = ''.
concatenate '库位:' werks-low into werks_t.
w_list_comments-info = werks_t.
append w_list_comments to i_list_comments.
w_list_comments-typ = 'S'. " H = Header, S = Selection, A = Action
w_list_comments-key = ''.
concatenate '库位:' werks-low into werks_t.
w_list_comments-info = werks_t.
append w_list_comments to i_list_comments.
call function 'REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE'
exporting
i_logo = 'ENJOYSAP_LOGO'
it_list_commentary = i_list_comments.
endform.
form alv_end_of_list.
clear: i_list_comments[].
w_list_comments-typ = 'A'. "H = Header, S = Selection, A = Action
w_list_comments-key = ''.
w_list_comments-info = '页脚显示'.
append w_list_comments to i_list_comments.
call function 'REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE'
exporting
it_list_commentary = i_list_comments
i_logo = 'ENJOYSAP_LOGO'
i_end_of_list_grid = 'X'.
endform.
form alv_end_of_page.
它的定义类似上面两个子函数的内容，这里不再赘述
endform.
*-----------------------------------------*
form display_data.
call function 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY'
exporting
* i_background_id = 'SIWB_WALLPAPER'
i_background_id = 'SIWB_WALLPAPER'
i_callback_program = w_repid
i_callback_html_top_of_page = w_html_top_of_page
* i_structure_name = 'TRDIR'
i_default = 'X'
i_save = 'A'
is_variant = w_variant
is_layout = w_layout
* i_callback_user_command = w_callback_ucomm
it_fieldcat = i_fieldcat_alv
it_events = i_events
it_event_exit = i_event_exit
it_excluding = i_excluding
is_print = w_print
* i_screen_start_column = 1
* i_screen_start_line = 1
* i_screen_end_column = 70
* i_screen_end_line = 30
tables
t_outtab = head1.
endform.
2．写一个ALV程序的基本流程（主要包括ALV相关的那部分，后面会附上一个ALV源程序的代码）：
第一步：定义将要用到的表，即TALBES定义部分，然后定义TYPE-POOLS: SLIS.
第二步：定义“1”中提到的这些数据类型或者内表的实体对象
第三步：定义一些需要用到的变量
第四步：定义自己的选择屏幕
第五步：定义INITIALIZATION部分，在这个部分往往要指定w_repid的值，
w_repid = sy-repid。
第六步： start-of-selection部分
1用一个子函数完成对ALV表单标题区域的赋值(i_list_comments)。
2用一个子函数完成自己所需要数据的抓取
3用一个子函数完成要显示列表的列名行（第一行）的相关赋值（i_fieldcat_alv）以及设置
4用一个子函数完成输出格式的设置(i_layout)，比如双击一条记录是否弹出对话框啊？是用哪个功能键触发等等
5用一个子函数FORM DISPLAY_DATA来显示上面我们已经分别封装好的数据，需要调用两个常用的FUNCTION MODULE：
FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY' “用来显示表单数据
FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE' “用来显示表单标题
附件： 示例程序源代码（注：下面这个程序调用的ALV功能应该讲是比较完全的了，大家可以通过上面的学习之后，再看这个程序，应该会有所收获）
*----------------------------------------------------------------------
* Program: ZZ_ALV_REPORT_STUB
* Author : Clayton Mergen
* Date :
*
* Purpose: Report using ALV function
*
* Notes:
* 1) Logos & wallpapers can be found in table BDS_CONN05
* with class = PICTURES
*
* 2) Transaction OAER can be used to create PICTURES.
* Run transaction OAER with class name = PICTURES, Class type = OT,
* and Object key with whatever name you want to create. In the
* next screen, right clicking on screen and import
*
*----------------------------------------------------------------------
* Revisions
*----------------------------------------------------------------------
* Name :
* Date :
* Comments:
*----------------------------------------------------------------------
report zflex004
no standard page heading
line-size 200
line-count 65
message-id zz.
*--------------------------------
* Tables
*--------------------------------
tables:
ekpo,
mara,
trdir.
*--------------------------------
* Global Types
*--------------------------------
type-pools: slis.
*--------------------------------
* Global Internal Tables
*--------------------------------
data:
i_fieldcat_alv type slis_t_fieldcat_alv,
i_events type slis_t_event,
i_event_exit type slis_t_event_exit,
i_list_comments type slis_t_listheader,
i_excluding type slis_t_extab.
* Display data
data: begin of i_data occurs 0,
matnr like mara-matnr,
mtart like mara-mtart,
end of i_data.
*--------------------------------
* Global Variables
*--------------------------------
data:
w_variant like disvariant, "显示变式结构
wx_variant like disvariant,
w_variant_save(1) type c,
w_exit(1) type c,
w_repid like sy-repid, "abap程序，当前主程序
w_user_specific(1) type c,
w_callback_ucomm type slis_formname, "字符型
w_print type slis_print_alv, "类型组
w_layout type slis_layout_alv, "类型组
w_html_top_of_page type slis_formname, "字符型
w_fieldcat_alv like line of i_fieldcat_alv,
w_excluding like line of i_excluding,
w_events like line of i_events,
w_event_exit like line of i_event_exit,
w_list_comments like line of i_list_comments.
*--------------------------------
* Global Constants
*--------------------------------
*constants:
*--------------------------------
* Selection Screen
*--------------------------------
selection-screen begin of block blk_criteria with frame title text-f01.
select-options:
s_name for trdir-name. "程序名
selection-screen end of block blk_criteria.
selection-screen begin of block blk_params with frame title text-f02.
parameters:
p_vari like disvariant-variant. "格式
selection-screen skip 1.
parameters:
p_grid radiobutton group rb01 default 'X',
p_html as checkbox.
selection-screen skip 1.
parameters:
p_list radiobutton group rb01.
selection-screen end of block blk_params.
*--------------------------------
* Initialization
*--------------------------------
initialization.
perform init_variant. "初始化
perform variant_default using p_vari.
clear: s_name[].
s_name-sign = 'I'.
s_name-option = 'CP'.
s_name-low = 'Z*'.
append s_name.
*--------------------------------
* At Selection Screen PBO
*--------------------------------
at selection-screen output.
*----------------------------------
* At Selection Screen Value Request
*----------------------------------
at selection-screen on value-request for p_vari.
perform variant_f4 using p_vari. "不管
*--------------------------------
* At Selection Screen
*--------------------------------
at selection-screen.
perform variant_fill. "不管
*--------------------------------
* Start of Selection
*--------------------------------
start-of-selection.
perform get_data. "从表mara中取相应字段到i_data
end-of-selection.
perform fieldcat_build.
perform event_build.
perform event_exit_build.
perform exclude_build.
perform print_build.
perform layout_build.
perform display_data.
*--------------------------------
* Top of Page
*--------------------------------
top-of-page.
*--------------------------------
* Top of Page During Line Sel
*--------------------------------
top-of-page during line-selection.
*--------------------------------
* At User Command
*--------------------------------
at user-command.
*--------------------------------
* At Line Selection
*--------------------------------
at line-selection.
*--------------------------------
* Macros
*--------------------------------
define skip_1.
write: /001 sy-vline,
at sy-linsz sy-vline.
end-of-definition.
*----------------------------------------------------------------------
* Forms
*----------------------------------------------------------------------
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form variant_f4
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
form variant_f4 using p_variant.
call function 'LVC_VARIANT_F4'
exporting
is_variant = w_variant
i_save = w_variant_save
importing
e_exit = w_exit
es_variant = wx_variant
exceptions
not_found = 1
program_error = 2
others = 3.
if sy-subrc <> 0.
message i000(zz) with text-g01.
endif.
if w_exit is initial.
w_variant-variant = wx_variant-variant.
p_variant = wx_variant-variant.
endif.
endform.
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form init_variant
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
form init_variant.
clear: w_variant.
w_repid = sy-repid.
w_variant-report = w_repid.
w_variant-username = sy-uname.
w_variant_save = 'A'. "All types
endform.
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form variant_default
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
form variant_default using p_variant.
wx_variant = w_variant.
if not p_variant is initial.
wx_variant-variant = p_variant.
endif.
call function 'LVC_VARIANT_DEFAULT_GET'
exporting
i_save = w_variant_save
changing
cs_variant = wx_variant
exceptions
wrong_input = 1
not_found = 2
program_error = 3
others = 4.
case sy-subrc.
when 0.
p_variant = wx_variant-variant.
when 2.
clear: p_variant.
endcase.
endform.
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form variant_fill
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
form variant_fill.
clear: w_variant.
if p_vari is initial.
w_variant-variant = 'STANDARD'.
w_variant-report = w_repid.
else.
w_variant-variant = p_vari.
w_variant-report = w_repid.
call function 'LVC_VARIANT_EXISTENCE_CHECK'
exporting
i_save = w_variant_save
changing
cs_variant = w_variant
exceptions
others = 01.
if sy-subrc ne 0.
message i000(zz) with text-g02.
endif.
endif.
endform.
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form fieldcat_build
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
form fieldcat_build.
call function 'REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE'
exporting
i_program_name = w_repid
* i_structure_name = 'TRDIR'
i_internal_tabname = 'I_DATA'
i_inclname = w_repid
changing
ct_fieldcat = i_fieldcat_alv.
* Modify displayed fields
loop at i_fieldcat_alv into w_fieldcat_alv.
case w_fieldcat_alv-fieldname.
when 'NAME'.
w_fieldcat_alv-hotspot = 'X'.
when 'MYFIELD'.
w_fieldcat_alv-checkbox = 'X'.
w_fieldcat_alv-seltext_s = 'MyChkBox'.
when others.
endcase.
modify i_fieldcat_alv from w_fieldcat_alv.
endloop.
endform.
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form display_data
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
form display_data.
w_callback_ucomm = 'CALLBACK_UCOMM'.
case 'X'.
when p_grid.
if p_html = 'X'.
w_html_top_of_page = 'HTML_TOP_OF_PAGE'.
endif.
call function 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY'
exporting
* i_background_id = 'SIWB_WALLPAPER'
i_background_id = 'SIWB_WALLPAPER'
i_callback_program = w_repid
i_callback_html_top_of_page = w_html_top_of_page
* i_structure_name = 'TRDIR'
i_default = 'X'
i_save = 'A'
is_variant = w_variant
is_layout = w_layout
i_callback_user_command = w_callback_ucomm
it_fieldcat = i_fieldcat_alv
it_events = i_events
it_event_exit = i_event_exit
it_excluding = i_excluding
is_print = w_print
* i_screen_start_column = 1
* i_screen_start_line = 1
* i_screen_end_column = 70
* i_screen_end_line = 30
tables
t_outtab = i_data.
when p_list.
call function 'REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY'
exporting
i_background_id = 'ALV_BACKGROUND'
i_callback_program = w_repid
i_default = 'X'
i_save = 'A'
is_variant = w_variant
is_layout = w_layout
i_callback_user_command = w_callback_ucomm
it_fieldcat = i_fieldcat_alv
it_events = i_events
it_event_exit = i_event_exit
is_print = w_print
tables
t_outtab = i_data.
endcase.
endform.
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* FORM user_command *
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
form callback_ucomm using r_ucomm like sy-ucomm
rs_selfield type slis_selfield.
message i000(zz) with r_ucomm.
case r_ucomm.
when '&IC1'.
set parameter id 'RID' field rs_selfield-value.
call transaction 'SE38'.
when others.
endcase.
endform.
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form get_data
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
form get_data.
select * from mara
into corresponding fields of table i_data.
endform.
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* FORM ALV_TOP_OF_PAGE *
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
form alv_top_of_page.
clear: i_list_comments[].
w_list_comments-typ = 'H'. "H=Header, S=Selection, A=Action
w_list_comments-key = ''.
w_list_comments-info = 'Info 1'.
append w_list_comments to i_list_comments.
w_list_comments-typ = 'A'. " H = Header, S = Selection, A = Action
w_list_comments-key = ''.
w_list_comments-info = 'Begin of list'.
append w_list_comments to i_list_comments.
call function 'REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE'
exporting
i_logo = 'ENJOYSAP_LOGO'
it_list_commentary = i_list_comments.
endform.
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form event_build
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
form event_build.
call function 'REUSE_ALV_EVENTS_GET'
exporting
i_list_type = 0
importing
et_events = i_events.
read table i_events
with key name = slis_ev_top_of_page
into w_events.
if sy-subrc = 0.
move 'ALV_TOP_OF_PAGE' to w_events-form.
modify i_events from w_events index sy-tabix.
endif.
read table i_events
with key name = slis_ev_end_of_list
into w_events.
if sy-subrc = 0.
move 'ALV_END_OF_LIST' to w_events-form.
modify i_events from w_events index sy-tabix.
endif.
read table i_events
with key name = slis_ev_end_of_page
into w_events.
if sy-subrc = 0.
move 'ALV_END_OF_PAGE' to w_events-form.
modify i_events from w_events index sy-tabix.
endif.
endform.
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* FORM alv_end_of_list *
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
form alv_end_of_list.
clear: i_list_comments[].
w_list_comments-typ = 'A'. "H = Header, S = Selection, A = Action
w_list_comments-key = ''.
w_list_comments-info = 'End of list'.
append w_list_comments to i_list_comments.
call function 'REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE'
exporting
it_list_commentary = i_list_comments
i_logo = 'ZMYOBJECTKEY'
i_end_of_list_grid = 'X'.
endform.
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* FORM alv_end_of_page *
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
form alv_end_of_page.
endform.
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form print_build
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
form print_build.
w_print-no_print_listinfos = 'X'.
endform.
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form layout_build
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
form layout_build.
w_layout-zebra = 'X'.
w_layout-no_vline = 'X'.
w_layout-colwidth_optimize = 'X'.
w_layout-detail_popup = 'X'.
w_layout-detail_initial_lines = 'X'.
w_layout-detail_titlebar = 'Detail Title Bar'.
endform.
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form event_exit_build
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
form event_exit_build.
clear: i_event_exit[].
* Pick
w_event_exit-ucomm = '&ETA'.
w_event_exit-before = ' '.
w_event_exit-after = 'X'.
append w_event_exit to i_event_exit.
endform.
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* FORM HTML_TOP_OF_PAGE *
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
form html_top_of_page using r_top type ref to cl_dd_document.
data:
text type sdydo_text_element,
s_table type ref to cl_dd_table_element,
col_key type ref to cl_dd_area,
col_info type ref to cl_dd_area,
a_logo type ref to cl_dd_area.
* Split TOP-Document
call method r_top->vertical_split
exporting split_area = r_top
split_width = '30%'
importing right_area = a_logo.
* Fill TOP-Document
call method r_top->add_text
exporting text = 'Example of a Heading'
sap_style = 'HEADING'.
call method r_top->new_line.
call method r_top->new_line.
call method r_top->add_table
exporting no_of_columns = 2
with_heading = ' '
border = '1'
importing table = s_table.
call method s_table->add_column importing column = col_key.
call method s_table->add_column importing column = col_info.
text = 'A key value marked'.
call method col_key->add_text
exporting text = text
sap_emphasis = 'Strong'.
call method col_info->add_gap exporting width = 6.
text = '600' .
call method col_info->add_text
exporting text = text
sap_style = 'Key'.
call method col_info->add_gap exporting width = 3.
text = 'Block brick units'.
call method col_info->add_text exporting text = text.
call method s_table->new_row.
text = 'Storage Bin'.
call method col_key->add_text
exporting text = text
sap_emphasis = 'Strong'.
call method col_info->add_gap exporting width = 7.
text = 'C-A-004'.
call method col_info->add_text exporting text = text.
call method s_table->new_row.
text = 'Warehouse number' .
call method col_key->add_text
exporting text = text
sap_emphasis = 'Strong'.
call method col_info->add_gap exporting width = 6.
text = '200' .
call method col_info->add_text
exporting text = text
sap_style = 'Success'.
call method col_info->add_gap exporting width = 3.
text = 'marked success'.
call method col_info->add_text exporting text = text.
call method s_table->new_row.
call method r_top->new_line.
text = 'This last line is a comment in italics.'.
call method r_top->add_text
exporting text = text
sap_emphasis = 'EMPHASIS'.
call method r_top->new_line.
call method a_logo->add_picture
* exporting picture_id = 'ZZTESTBMP'.
exporting picture_id = 'ENJOYSAP_LOGO'.
endform.
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form exclude_build
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
form exclude_build.
w_excluding = '&GRAPH'. "Graphic
append w_excluding to i_excluding.
endform. " exclude_build