闭锁CountDownLatch与栅栏CyclicBarrier

有一些同步的知识是平常不常用但是觉得会很有用的东西,这里参考别人的文章和自己的理解,将闭锁和栅栏的用途与区别简单描述一下。

闭锁:一个同步辅助类,在完成一组正在其他线程中执行的操作之前,它允许一个或多个线程一直等待。即,一组线程等待某一事件发生,事件没有发生前,所有线程将阻塞等待;而事件发生后,所有线程将开始执行;闭锁最初处于封闭状态,当事件发生后闭锁将被打开,一旦打开,闭锁将永远处于打开状态。

    闭锁CountDownLatch唯一的构造方法CountDownLatch(int count),当在闭锁上调用countDown()方法时,闭锁的计数器将减1,当闭锁计数器为0时,闭锁将打开,所有线程将通过闭锁开始执行。


栅栏:一个同步辅助类,它允许一组线程互相等待,直到到达某个公共屏障点。利用栅栏,可以使线程相互等待,直到所有线程都到达某一点,然后栅栏将打开,所有线程将通过栅栏继续执行。CyclicBarrier支持一个可选的 Runnable 参数,当线程通过栅栏时,runnable对象将被调用。构造函数CyclicBarrier(int parties, Runnable barrierAction),当线程在CyclicBarrier对象上调用await()方法时,栅栏的计数器将增加1,当计数器为parties时,栅栏将打开。


区别:闭锁用于所有线程等待一个外部事件的发生;栅栏则是所有线程相互等待,直到所有线程都到达某一点时才打开栅栏,然后线程可以继续执行。

示例:引用自http://aaron-han.iteye.com/blog/1591755

1. 有五个人,一个裁判。这五个人同时跑,裁判开始计时,五个人都到终点了,裁判喊停,然后统计这五个人从开始跑到最后一个撞线用了多长时间。
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;    
    
public class Race {    
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {    
        final int num = 5;    
        final CountDownLatch begin = new CountDownLatch(1);    
        final CountDownLatch end = new CountDownLatch(num);    
    
        for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {    
            new Thread(new AWorker(i, begin, end)).start();    
        }    
    
        // judge prepare...    
        try {    
            Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 5000));    
        } catch (InterruptedException e1) {    
            e1.printStackTrace();    
        }    
    
        System.out.println("judge say : run !");    
        begin.countDown();    
        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();    
    
        try {    
            end.await();    
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {    
            e.printStackTrace();    
        } finally {    
            long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();    
            System.out.println("judge say : all arrived !");    
            System.out.println("spend time: " + (endTime - startTime));    
        }    
    
    }    
    
}    
    
class AWorker implements Runnable {    
    final CountDownLatch begin;    
    final CountDownLatch end;    
    final int id;    
    
    public AWorker(final int id, final CountDownLatch begin,    
            final CountDownLatch end) {    
        this.id = id;    
        this.begin = begin;    
        this.end = end;    
    }    
    
    @Override    
    public void run() {    
        try {    
            System.out.println(this.id + " ready !");    
            begin.await();    
            // run...    
            Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 10000));    
        } catch (Throwable e) {    
            e.printStackTrace();    
        } finally {    
            System.out.println(this.id + " arrived !");    
            end.countDown();    
        }    
    }    
    
}

2. 继续,还是这五个人(这五个人真无聊..),这次没裁判。规定五个人只要都跑到终点了,大家可以喝啤酒。但是,只要有一个人没到终点,就不能喝。 这里也没有要求大家要同时起跑(当然也可以,加latch)。
import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;  
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;  
  
public class Beer {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        final int count = 5;  
        final CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(count, new Runnable() {  
            @Override  
            public void run() {  
                System.out.println("drink beer!");  
            }  
        });  
  
        // they do not have to start at the same time...  
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {  
            new Thread(new Worker(i, barrier)).start();  
        }  
    }  
  
}  
  
class Worker implements Runnable {  
    final int id;  
    final CyclicBarrier barrier;  
  
    public Worker(final int id, final CyclicBarrier barrier) {  
        this.id = id;  
        this.barrier = barrier;  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void run() {  
        try {  
            System.out.println(this.id + "starts to run !");  
            Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 10000));  
            System.out.println(this.id + "arrived !");  
            this.barrier.await();  
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
    }  
}

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