View 的事件体系————读书笔记
View 的事件体系
View的基础知识
View的定义
可以把View理解成组合模式里的叶子结点和有枝节点的关系，本质都是Composite，而这里本质ViewGroup和View都是View，组合模式最大的好处就是遍历的时候不用关注是怎样的结点，因为抽象都是一样的。
View的位置参数
1.View的宽高和坐标关系：width = right - left，height = top - bottom
2.View在平移过程中，top和left表示的是原始左上角的位置信息，其值不会改变，发生改变的是x、y、translationX、translationY这四个参数，x是View左上角的坐标，translation是view移动后相对于父容器（这里其实就是刚才说的左上角）的偏移量，所以有x = left + translationX。y的原理相同
MotionEvent和TouchSlop
MotionEvent典型事件：ACTION_DOWN， ACTION_MOVE, ACTION_UP
TouchSlop：系统所能识别的被认为是滑动的最小距离，我们可以用这个常量来判断用户的滑动是否达到阈值，提升用户体验。获取方法：ViewConfiguration.get(getContext()).getScaledTouchSlop()。
VelocityTracker、GestureDetector和Scroller
VelocityTracker：速度追踪，用于追踪手指在滑动过程中的速度，包括水平和竖直方向的速度。并不复杂具体使用见书中描述。经过测试一般建议类似ViewPager这样的控件，将时间间隔设置为1000（也就是1秒）时，加速度阈值设为1000－2000左右体验较好，各位可自行测试。
GestureDetector:手势检测，用于辅助检测用户的单击、滑动、长按、双击等行为。
Scroller：弹性滑动对象，用于实现View的弹性滑动。其本身无法让View弹性滑动，需要和View的computeScroll方法配合使用才能完成。
View的滑动
通过以下三种方式可以实现View的滑动：
1.通过View本身提供的scrollTo/scrollBy方法实现滑动（操作简单，适合对View内容的滑动）
2.通过动画给View添加平移效果实现滑动（操作简单，适用于没有交互的View和实现复杂的动画效果）
3.通过改变View的LayoutParams使得View重新布局从而实现滑动（操作复杂，适用有交互的View）
使用scrollTo/scrollBy
在滑动过程中，mScrollX的值总是等于View左边缘和View内容左边缘在水平方向上的距离，mScrollY的值总是等于View上边缘和View内容上边缘在竖直方向上的距离。所以，使用此方法实现View的滑动，只能将View的内容进行滑动，并不能将View本身进行滑动。
使用动画
通过动画让一个View进行平移，而平移就是一种滑动。注意：View动画是对View的影像做操作，它并不能真正改变View的位置参数，包括宽和高，并且若希望动画后的状态得以保留必须将fillAfter属性设置为true。单击新位置不会触发onClick事件，因为View真身并未发生改变，在新位置上只是View的影像而已。（使用属性动画可解决此问题3.0开始）
弹性滑动
使用Scroller
private void smoothScrollBy(int dx, int dy) {
mScroller.startScroll(getScrollX(), 0, dx, 0, 500);
invalidate();
}
@Override
public void computeScroll() {
if (mScroller.computeScrollOffset()) {
scrollTo(mScroller.getCurrX(), mScroller.getCurrY());
postInvalidate();
}
}
invalidate方法导致View重绘，在View的draw方法中又会调用computeScroll方法。详见书中分析。注：这里的滑动指View内容的滑动。computeScrollOffset方法根据时间流逝的百分比计算出scrollX和scrollY改变的百分比并计算出当前的值。它返回true表示滑动未结束。
Scroller的工作机制：View的每次重绘都会导致View进行小幅度的滑动，多次的小幅度滑动就组成了弹性滑动。
还可以用过动画，使用延时策略进行弹性滑动。详情见书中介绍。
View的事件分发机制
事件分发机制概括介绍
1.三大方法关系的伪代码
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
boolean consume = false;
if(onInterceptTouchEvent(ev)) {
consume = onTouchEvent(ev);
} else {
consume = child.dispatchTouchEvent(ev);
}
return consume;
}
关系很清楚了，如果当前View拦截事件，就交给自己的onTouchEvent去处理，否则就丢给子View继续走相同的流程。
2.onTouchListener优先级高于onTouchEvent。
3.事件传递顺序：Activity -> Window -> View，如果View都不处理，最终将由Activity的onTouchEvent处理。
4.一些结论：拦截的一定是事件序列；不消耗ACTION_DOWN，则事件序列都会由其父元素处理；只消耗ACTION_DOWN事件，该事件会消失，消失的事件最终会交给Activity来处理；requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent方法可以在子元素中干预父元素的事件分发过程，除了ACTION_DOWN；
事件分发的源码解析
这里我就贴一下源码，具体分析见书。
Activity#dispatchTouchEvent
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
if (ev.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
onUserInteraction();
}
if (getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)) {
return true;
}
return onTouchEvent(ev);
}
PhoneWindow#superDispatchTouchEvent
@Override
public boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
return mDecor.superDispatchTouchEvent(event);
}
DecorView
private final class DecorView extends FrameLayout implements RootViewSurfaceTaker
ViewGroup#dispatchTouchEvent
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*/
@Override
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
if (mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onTouchEvent(ev, 1);
}
// If the event targets the accessibility focused view and this is it, start
// normal event dispatch. Maybe a descendant is what will handle the click.
if (ev.isTargetAccessibilityFocus() && isAccessibilityFocusedViewOrHost()) {
ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
}
boolean handled = false;
if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(ev)) {
final int action = ev.getAction();
final int actionMasked = action & MotionEvent.ACTION_MASK;
// Handle an initial down.
if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
// Throw away all previous state when starting a new touch gesture.
// The framework may have dropped the up or cancel event for the previous gesture
// due to an app switch, ANR, or some other state change.
cancelAndClearTouchTargets(ev);
resetTouchState();
}
// Check for interception.
final boolean intercepted;
if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
|| mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
final boolean disallowIntercept = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0;
if (!disallowIntercept) {
intercepted = onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);
ev.setAction(action); // restore action in case it was changed
} else {
intercepted = false;
}
} else {
// There are no touch targets and this action is not an initial down
// so this view group continues to intercept touches.
intercepted = true;
}
// If intercepted, start normal event dispatch. Also if there is already
// a view that is handling the gesture, do normal event dispatch.
if (intercepted || mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
}
// Check for cancelation.
final boolean canceled = resetCancelNextUpFlag(this)
|| actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL;
// Update list of touch targets for pointer down, if needed.
final boolean split = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_SPLIT_MOTION_EVENTS) != 0;
TouchTarget newTouchTarget = null;
boolean alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = false;
if (!canceled && !intercepted) {
// If the event is targeting accessiiblity focus we give it to the
// view that has accessibility focus and if it does not handle it
// we clear the flag and dispatch the event to all children as usual.
// We are looking up the accessibility focused host to avoid keeping
// state since these events are very rare.
View childWithAccessibilityFocus = ev.isTargetAccessibilityFocus()
? findChildWithAccessibilityFocus() : null;
if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
|| (split && actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_DOWN)
|| actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) {
final int actionIndex = ev.getActionIndex(); // always 0 for down
final int idBitsToAssign = split ? 1 << ev.getPointerId(actionIndex)
: TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS;
// Clean up earlier touch targets for this pointer id in case they
// have become out of sync.
removePointersFromTouchTargets(idBitsToAssign);
final int childrenCount = mChildrenCount;
if (newTouchTarget == null && childrenCount != 0) {
final float x = ev.getX(actionIndex);
final float y = ev.getY(actionIndex);
// Find a child that can receive the event.
// Scan children from front to back.
final ArrayList<View> preorderedList = buildOrderedChildList();
final boolean customOrder = preorderedList == null
&& isChildrenDrawingOrderEnabled();
final View[] children = mChildren;
for (int i = childrenCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
final int childIndex = customOrder
? getChildDrawingOrder(childrenCount, i) : i;
final View child = (preorderedList == null)
? children[childIndex] : preorderedList.get(childIndex);
// If there is a view that has accessibility focus we want it
// to get the event first and if not handled we will perform a
// normal dispatch. We may do a double iteration but this is
// safer given the timeframe.
if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != null) {
if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != child) {
continue;
}
childWithAccessibilityFocus = null;
i = childrenCount - 1;
}
if (!canViewReceivePointerEvents(child)
|| !isTransformedTouchPointInView(x, y, child, null)) {
ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
continue;
}
newTouchTarget = getTouchTarget(child);
if (newTouchTarget != null) {
// Child is already receiving touch within its bounds.
// Give it the new pointer in addition to the ones it is handling.
newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
break;
}
resetCancelNextUpFlag(child);
if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, false, child, idBitsToAssign)) {
// Child wants to receive touch within its bounds.
mLastTouchDownTime = ev.getDownTime();
if (preorderedList != null) {
// childIndex points into presorted list, find original index
for (int j = 0; j < childrenCount; j++) {
if (children[childIndex] == mChildren[j]) {
mLastTouchDownIndex = j;
break;
}
}
} else {
mLastTouchDownIndex = childIndex;
}
mLastTouchDownX = ev.getX();
mLastTouchDownY = ev.getY();
newTouchTarget = addTouchTarget(child, idBitsToAssign);
alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = true;
break;
}
// The accessibility focus didn't handle the event, so clear
// the flag and do a normal dispatch to all children.
ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
}
if (preorderedList != null) preorderedList.clear();
}
if (newTouchTarget == null && mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
// Did not find a child to receive the event.
// Assign the pointer to the least recently added target.
newTouchTarget = mFirstTouchTarget;
while (newTouchTarget.next != null) {
newTouchTarget = newTouchTarget.next;
}
newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
}
}
}
// Dispatch to touch targets.
if (mFirstTouchTarget == null) {
// No touch targets so treat this as an ordinary view.
handled = dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, canceled, null,
TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS);
} else {
// Dispatch to touch targets, excluding the new touch target if we already
// dispatched to it. Cancel touch targets if necessary.
TouchTarget predecessor = null;
TouchTarget target = mFirstTouchTarget;
while (target != null) {
final TouchTarget next = target.next;
if (alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget && target == newTouchTarget) {
handled = true;
} else {
final boolean cancelChild = resetCancelNextUpFlag(target.child)
|| intercepted;
if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, cancelChild,
target.child, target.pointerIdBits)) {
handled = true;
}
if (cancelChild) {
if (predecessor == null) {
mFirstTouchTarget = next;
} else {
predecessor.next = next;
}
target.recycle();
target = next;
continue;
}
}
predecessor = target;
target = next;
}
}
// Update list of touch targets for pointer up or cancel, if needed.
if (canceled
|| actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP
|| actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) {
resetTouchState();
} else if (split && actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_UP) {
final int actionIndex = ev.getActionIndex();
final int idBitsToRemove = 1 << ev.getPointerId(actionIndex);
removePointersFromTouchTargets(idBitsToRemove);
}
}
if (!handled && mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onUnhandledEvent(ev, 1);
}
return handled;
}
主要逻辑：如果顶级ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent方法返回为true，则事件由ViewGroup处理，如果这时ViewGroup的mOnTouchListener被设置，则onTouch会被调用，否则onTouchEvent会被调用。也就是说，如果都提供的话，onTouch会屏蔽掉onTouchEvent。在onTouchEvent中如果设置了mOnTouchListener，则onClick会被调用。如果顶级ViewGroup不拦截事件，则事件会被传递给它所在的点击事件链上的子View，这时子View的dispatchTouchEvent会被调用。
View#dispatchTouchEvent
/**
* Pass the touch screen motion event down to the target view, or this
* view if it is the target.
*
* @param event The motion event to be dispatched.
* @return True if the event was handled by the view, false otherwise.
*/
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
// If the event should be handled by accessibility focus first.
if (event.isTargetAccessibilityFocus()) {
// We don't have focus or no virtual descendant has it, do not handle the event.
if (!isAccessibilityFocusedViewOrHost()) {
return false;
}
// We have focus and got the event, then use normal event dispatch.
event.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
}
boolean result = false;
if (mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onTouchEvent(event, 0);
}
final int actionMasked = event.getActionMasked();
if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
// Defensive cleanup for new gesture
stopNestedScroll();
}
if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(event)) {
//noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
if (li != null && li.mOnTouchListener != null
&& (mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED
&& li.mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)) {
result = true;
}
if (!result && onTouchEvent(event)) {
result = true;
}
}
if (!result && mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onUnhandledEvent(event, 0);
}
// Clean up after nested scrolls if this is the end of a gesture;
// also cancel it if we tried an ACTION_DOWN but we didn't want the rest
// of the gesture.
if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP ||
actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL ||
(actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN && !result)) {
stopNestedScroll();
}
return result;
}
View的滑动冲突
解决滑动冲突有固定的套路，只要知道这个套路就好解决
常见的滑动冲突场景
1.外部滑动方向和内部滑动方向不一致
2.外部滑动方向和内部滑动方向一致
3.上面两种情况的嵌套
滑动冲突解决方式
1.外部拦截法：指点击事件都先经过父容器的拦截处理，如果父容器需要此事件就拦截，如果不需要此事件就不拦截，这样就可以解决滑动冲突的问题了，这种方法比较符合点击事件的分发机制。
public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
boolean intercepted = false;
int x = (int) event.getX();
int y = (int) event.getY();
switch (event.getAction()) {
case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN: {
intercepted = false;
break;
}
case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: {
if (父容器需要当前点击事件) {
intercepted = true;
} else {
intercepted = false;
}
break;
}
case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP: {
intercepted = false;
break;
}
default:
break;
}
mLastXIntercept = x;
mLastYIntercept = y;
return intercepted;
}
2.内部拦截法：指父容器不拦截任何事件，所有事件都传递给子元素，如果子元素需要此事件就直接消耗掉，否则就交由父容器处理，需要配合requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent方法才能正常工作。
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
int x = (int) event.getX();
int y = (int) event.getY();
switch (event.getAction()) {
case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN: {
parent.requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent(true);
break;
}
case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: {
int deltaX = x - mLastX;
int deltaY = y - mLastY;
if (父容器需要当前点击事件) {
parent.requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent(false);
}
break;
}
case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP: {
break;
}
default:
break;
}
mLastX = x;
mLastY = y;
return super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
}