本文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/spch2008/article/details/9000806
假定存在一个superSession模块,用于追踪用户访问行为。
import superSession session = superSession.session() print "Content-type: text/plain\n\n" if session.has_key('visited'): print "You have already visited!" else: session['visited'] = 1 print "This is your first visit."
上述代码创建了一个Session对象,追踪用户访问行为。将上述思想用于WSGI程序中。
def application(environ, start_response): import superSession session = superSession.session() if session.has_key('visited'): text = "You have already visited!" else: session['visited'] = 1 text = "This is your first visit." start_response('200 OK', [('Content-type','text/plain')]) return [text]
可以将上述代码进行重构。
def exampleApplication(environ, start_response): if environ['superSession'].has_key('visited'): text = "You have already visited!" else: environ['superSession']['visited'] = 1 text = "This is your first visit." start_response('200 OK', [('Content-type','text/plain')]) return [text] def session(application): def app(environ, start_response): if "superSession" not in environ: import superSession environ["superSession"] = superSession.session() return application(environ, start_response) return app application = session(exampleApplication)
将session代码抽离放于session函数中,该函数专门用于判断用户访问行为。session函数将判断结果至于环境变量environ字典中。
exampleApplication通过environ字典获得用户访问行为。
我们称session函数为middleware,它处于server与application之间,对server传来的请求做相应的处理;它对于Server和application是透明的。
middleware的好处在于,通过middleware(本例中session函数)可以很简单的给WSGI程序添加新功能。
我们也可见将middleware包装成类,这样,我们可以通过继承,复用现有的中间件。类中要重载__call__。
class Session: def __init__(self, application): self.application = application def __call__(self, environ, start_response): if "superSession" not in environ: import superSession environ["superSession"] = superSession.session() # Options would obviously need specifying return self.application(environ,start_response) application = Session(exampleApplication)
附录: 代码语法解释
def session(application): def app(environ, start_response): if "superSession" not in environ: import superSession environ["superSession"] = superSession.session() return application(environ, start_response) return app application = session(exampleApplication)
实际上相当于application = app。app函数中进行相应处理(superSession),将处理好的environ在传递给exampleApplication。