最近看了JE上几篇nio相关的帖子,触发一些对于nio的思考。再一次深入阅读了cindy3.x的源码,并将一些个人心得记录下来。
本文主要探讨cindy与select轮询相关的设计和实现。且主要分析TCP非阻塞模式,不涉及UDP或阻塞模式。
其实几乎所有的nio框架都采用reactor模式,不同之处在于轮询与分发线程的设计。
Reactor相关的接口及实现类
Reactor
-DefaultReactor
ReactorHandler
-ChannelReactorHandler
Session
-AbstractChannelSession
-SocketChannelSession
-ServerSocketChannelSession
SessionAcceptor
-AbstractSessionAcceptor
-NioBlockingSessionAcceptor
-BlockingSessionAcceptor
DefaultReactor持有一个线程:selectThread,用于select轮询操作。
public void run() {
try {
while (!close) {
beforeSelect();
if (close) // after beforeSelect, close may be true
break;
try {
selector.select(SELECT_TIMEOUT);
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error(e, e);
break;
}
afterSelect();
}
} finally {
DefaultReactor.this.stop();
}
}
beforeSelect()
select()之前对于interestSet的切换准备
afterSelect()
根据readySet,触发相应的事件,如:OP_READ或OP_WRITE。并调用key所有attach的ReactorHandler中相应的onReable()或onWriteable()方法。
start
通常cindy的启动代码类似如下:
SessionAcceptor acceptor = SessionFactory
.createSessionAcceptor(SessionType.TCP);
acceptor.setAcceptorHandler(acceptorHandler);
acceptor.start();
而NioBlockingSessionAcceptor的start()执行过程如下:
public synchronized void start() {
if (getAcceptorHandler() == null)
throw new IllegalStateException("acceptor handler is null");
if (isStarted())
return;
ServerSocketChannel channel = null;
try {
channel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
setServerSocketOptions(channel.socket());
counter.set(0);
session.setChannel(channel);
session.start().complete();
} catch (IOException e) {
ChannelUtils.close(channel);
exceptionCaught(e);
}
}
NioBlockingSessionAcceptor持有一个Session对象:ServerSocketChannelSession,并在start()中,触发session.start()方法。注意,实际上持有的是ServerSocketChannelSession的一个匿名子类,并override了buildSession方法。这点非常重要,后面将提到。
ServerSocketChannelSession的start()代码如下(实际是其父类AbstractChannelSession的start())
public synchronized Future start() {
if (closeFuture != null && !closeFuture.isCompleted())
return new DefaultFuture(this, false);
closeFuture = null; // then call close will close
if (startFuture == null) {
try {
doStart();
} catch (IOException e) {
dispatchException(e);
return new DefaultFuture(this, false);
}
startFuture = new DefaultFuture(this);
reactor.register(handler);
}
return startFuture;
}
其中,调用了两个重要的函数:doStart()和reactor.register(handler)
doStart()负责一些session的初始化工作,例如,receiveBuffer大小的设置;ServerSocketChannel的open等。
reactor.register向Reactor注册具体的ReactorHandler,而在这里(ServerSocketChannelSession的start()执行过程中) Reactor将ReactorHandler添加到了registerColl队列中。reactor.register的代码如下:
public void register(ReactorHandler handler) {
if (Thread.currentThread() == selectThread) {
changeRegister(new Attachment(handler));
} else {
registerColl.offer(new Attachment(handler));
start(); // auto start when register
selector.wakeup();
}
}
结合DefaultReactor的分析可知,当selectThread启动以后,执行beforeSelect()时,将对相应的interestSet进行切换处理
Cindy对于interestSet的切换是比较特别的(从代码的注释来看,貌似是为了避免java nio的一个bug)。通常ServerSocketChannel在初始化时,都是直接调用register(selector,OP_ACCEPT)。
然而,DefaultReactor中的初始化代码如下:
private void changeRegister(Attachment attachment) {
ReactorHandler handler = attachment.handler;
if (registered.containsKey(handler))
return;
SelectableChannel[] channels = handler.getChannels();
try {
for (int i = 0; i < channels.length; i++) {
SelectableChannel channel = channels[i];
channel.configureBlocking(false);
int validOps = channel.validOps();
// It's a bug of java nio, see:
// http://bugs.sun.com/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=4960791
boolean isConnected = (validOps & SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT) != 0
&& ((SocketChannel) channel).isConnected();
channel.register(selector, isConnected ? SelectionKey.OP_READ
: (validOps & ~SelectionKey.OP_WRITE), attachment);
}
registered.put(handler, attachment);
handler.onRegistered();
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error(e, e);
dispatchDeregistered(handler);
}
}
如果isConnected=false,则注册除OP_Write之外的所有事件,包括:OP_READ和OP_ACCEPT。而对于isConnected=true的情况就比较疑惑了,难道不注册OP_ACCEPT或OP_CON,就可以直接read了?
此外,通过handler.onRegistered()还触发了filterChain的sessionStart()方法
Acceptor的start过程比较冗杂,概括起来主要执行以下几步
- 创建ServerSocketChannelSession
- 进行ServerSocketChannel open,configure等初始化操作
- 向Reactor注册具体的ReactorHandler(ServerSocketChannelSession的getHandler方法中匿名类形式)
- Reactor的selectThread在beforeSelect时,向selector注册OP_ACCEPT事件
accept
selectThread进行select操作后,afterSelect中,根据selectionKey的readySet,触发相应的事件。当OP_ACCEPT ready后,调用handler的onAcceptable方法。
此时的handler是ServerSocketChannelSession中定义的匿名类。其onAcceptable方法代码如下:
public void onAcceptable() {
SocketChannel sc = null;
try {
while ((sc = channel.accept()) != null) {
buildSession(sc);
}
// accept next
getReactor().interest(this, Reactor.OP_ACCEPT);
} catch (IOException e) {
ChannelUtils.close(sc);
dispatchException(e);
close();
}
}
其作了两个重要的操作:获取SocketChannel,并创建session;修改该interestSet;
这里创建的session是SocketChannelSession,其中,buildSession的实现代码实际上定义在从上面讲到的NioBlockingSessionAcceptor中。代码如下:
protected void buildSession(SocketChannel sc) {
counter.incrementAndGet();
try {
setSocketOptions(sc.socket());
SocketChannelSession session = new SocketChannelSession();
session.setChannel(sc);
sessionAccepted(session);
} catch (Throwable e) {
exceptionCaught(e);
}
}
在sessionAccept中,将调用session.start,与上次不同的是,这次start的是SocketChannelSession。但同ServerSocketChannelSession一样,将向Reactor注册ReactorHandler(SocketChannelSession中定义的handler匿名子类)
修改interestSet的方法与beforeSelect中的一样,具体操作定义在changeInterest中。
accept的过程概括来讲,就是创建和初始化与socket一一对应的SocketChannelSession;并修改interestSet,准备accept下一个连接;此外,需要注意的是,只有与ServerSocketChannel对应的key才会注册accept,换句话说,只有server才会对accept感兴趣。
read
read过程与accept类似,首先,在afterSelect中出发handler.onReadable(),代码如下:
public void onReadable() {
try {
read();
reactor.interest(handler, Reactor.OP_READ);
} catch (ClosedChannelException cce) {
close();
} catch (Throwable e) {
dispatchException(new SessionException(e));
close();
}
}
SocketChannel对应的key才对read感兴趣,所以handler是SocketChannelSession中定义的handler匿名子类。
protected void read() throws IOException {
Buffer buffer = BufferFactory.allocate(getReadPacketSize());
int n = -1;
int readCount = 0;
try {
while ((n = buffer.read(channel)) >= 0) {
if (n == 0)
break;
readCount += n;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
buffer.release();
throw e;
}
if (readCount > 0) {
buffer.flip();
getSessionFilterChain(false).packetReceived(
new DefaultPacket(buffer, address));
}
if (n < 0) // Connection closed
throw new ClosedChannelException();
}
完成数据读取操作,并通知dispatcher触发所有filterChain的packetReceive方法
read过程实际就体现了reactor模式,由selectThread监听并读取数据,再分发给worker线程。
write
write过程与accept和read类似。由Reactor出发具体handler的onWriteable方法。
public void onWritable() {
try {
while (true) {
synchronized (sendQueue) {
if (currentSendPacket == null)
currentSendPacket = (FuturePacket) sendQueue.poll();
}
if (currentSendPacket == null) {
reactor.interest(handler, Reactor.OP_NON_WRITE);
return;
}
try {
checkSendPacket(currentSendPacket);
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
dispatchException(e);
DefaultFuture future = currentSendPacket.future;
currentSendPacket = null;
future.setSucceeded(false);
continue;
}
Buffer buffer = currentSendPacket.getContent();
if (!buffer.hasRemaining() || write(currentSendPacket)) {
buffer.limit(currentSendPacket.limit);
buffer.position(currentSendPacket.position);
buffer.release();
final FuturePacket packet = currentSendPacket;
currentSendPacket = null;
// keep dispatch order
dispatch(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
packet.future.setSucceeded(true);
getSessionFilterChain(true).packetSent(
packet.getDelegate());
if (packet.obj != null)
getSessionFilterChain(true).objectSent(
packet.obj);
}
});
} else {
reactor.interest(handler, Reactor.OP_WRITE);
return;
}
}
} catch (ClosedChannelException cce) {
close();
} catch (Throwable e) {
dispatchException(new SessionException(e));
close();
}
}
protected boolean write(Packet packet) throws IOException {
Buffer buffer = packet.getContent();
while (true) {
int n = buffer.write(channel);
if (!buffer.hasRemaining())
return true;
else if (n == 0) {
// have more data, but the kennel buffer
// is full, wait next time to write
return false;
}
}
}
值得注意的是,向key添加OP_WRITE是在应用中调用session.send时完成的。
可见,所有的SocketChannelSession都维持了sendQueue,并在ReactorHandler的onWriteable中完成数据发送。此外,write过程中,还会触发filterChain的packetSend方法
close
当应用程序调用session.close时,将触发所有相关的close操作。代码如下:
public synchronized Future close() throws IllegalStateException {
boolean starting = startFuture != null && !startFuture.isCompleted();
if (closeFuture == null) {
if (!started && !starting) {
closeFuture = new DefaultFuture(this, true);
doClose(); // clear resource even not start
} else {
closeFuture = new DefaultFuture(this);
reactor.deregister(handler);
}
}
return closeFuture;
}
可见,close方法中,调用了Reactor的deregister方法。ReactorbeforeSelect()时在dispachDeregistered中,完成相应的关闭操作。包括对key的cancel等,以及通过handler的onDeregistered方法触发filterChain的sessionClose()。
总的来说,Cindy还是采用了Dispatcher+Worker的reactor模式。Cindy3.x在代码的设计和可读性方面较Cindy2.x有了很大的改进,但个人感觉与mina相比还是有所欠缺。特别是,采用了很多的匿名类来实现接口,影响了代码的可读性。