hibernate 注解配置一对多关系

重点学习 Hibernate fetch lazy cascade inverse 关键字
Hibernate最让人头大的就是对集合的加载形式。
书看了N次了，还是没有真正理解Hibernate。所以下午专门做了下测试，对配置文件的意思加深了认识。

假设有两个表，Photos(一） --- picture(多）Photo包含picture集合

结论1： HQL代码 > fetch（配置） > lazy （配置）
结论2： 默认 lazy="true"
结论3： fetch 和 lazy 主要是用来级联查询的，   而 cascade 和 inverse 主要是用来级联插入和修改的

             fetch参数指定了关联对象抓取的方式是select查询还是join查询，select方式时先查询返回要查询的主体对象（列表），再根据关联外键id，每一个对象发一个select查询，获取关联的对象，形成n+1次查 询； 而join方式，主体对象和关联对象用一句外键关联的sql同时查询出来，不会形成多次查询。 
如果你的关联对象是延迟加载的，它当然不会去查询关联对象。 另外，在hql查询中配置文件中设置的join方式是不起作用的（而在所有其他查询方式如get、criteria或再关联获取等等都是有效的），会使用select方式，除非你在hql中指定join fetch某个关联对象。fetch策略用于定义 get/load一个对象时，如何获取非lazy的对象/集合。 这些参数在Query中无效。

在某种特殊的场合下，fetch在hql中还是起作用的。 
例如 
现有message(回帖)-->topic(主贴)-->forum(版块) 的多级many-to-one结构: 
第一级:message-->topic many-to-one配置lazy="false" fetch="join" 
第二级:topic-->forum many-to-one配置lazy="false" fetch="join" 
这时如果"from message",则第二级:topic-->forum中的fetch策略会起作用 

查询抓取（默认的）在N+1查询的情况下是极其脆弱的，因此我们可能会要求在映射文档中定义使用连接抓取： 

<set name="permissions" 
fetch="join"> 
<key column="userId"/> 
<one-to-many class="Permission"/> 
</set 
<many-to-one name="mother" class="Cat" fetch="join"/> 
在映射文档中定义的抓取策略将会有产生以下影响： 

通过get()或load()方法取得数据。 

只有在关联之间进行导航时，才会隐式的取得数据(延迟抓取)。 

条件查询 

在映射文档中显式的声明 连接抓取做为抓取策略并不会影响到随后的HQL查询。 

通常情况下，我们并不使用映射文档进行抓取策略的定制。更多的是，保持其默认值，然后在特定的事务中， 使用HQL的左连接抓取（left join fetch） 对其进行重载。这将通知 Hibernate在第一次查询中使用外部关联（outer join），直接得到其关联数据。 在条件查询 API中，应该调用 setFetchMode(FetchMode.JOIN)语句。 


其实这并不能说明hql能够按照配置文件设置的join进行抓取，这时 第二级:topic-->forum 的抓取其实已经和hql没有关系了，因为前面已经产生了另一个select方式的抓取语句。 
而是对象的关联获取，假如查询message时topic是设置为延迟加载的，那么在后面获取message.topic时，如topic.forum不延迟加载，那么topic-->forum会实现配置的join方式的抓取，这个显然和hql查询没有关系。

结论4： 如果你是用spring来帮你管理你的session, 并且是自动提交，延迟加载就等于没加载~_~(当然
                除非你手动重新打开session然后手动Hibernate.initialize(set);然后关闭session.
结论5:      cascade主要是简化了在代码中的级联更新和删除。
j结论6：老爸可以有多个孩子，一个孩子不能有多个老爸，而且老爸说的算, 孩子围着老爸转。
                所以Photos老爸要有权力所以 cascade 这个关键子都是送给老爸的， 也就是级联更新，
               老爸改姓了，儿子也得跟着改，呵呵。“不然，就没有零花钱咯”。
                而Picture儿子整体挨骂，但是还是要维护父子之间良好的关系，对老爸百依百顺，所
               以老爸就说，儿子，“关系，由你来维护（inverse="true") ，不然就不给零花钱。呵。”。
               <set name="pictures" inverse="true" cascade="all">
                    <key>
                       <column name="photosid" not-null="true" />
                    </key>
                 <one-to-many class="girl.domain.Picture" />
             </set>
               
测试代码：

    Photos p = ps.getById(1);
   Set<Picture> set = p.getPictures();
   for(Picture pic : set){
    System.out.println(pic.getId());
   }

配置文件的一部分：
       <set name="pictures" inverse="true" cascade="all" >
            <key>
                <column name="photosid" not-null="true" />
            </key>
            <one-to-many class="girl.domain.Picture" />
        </set>

测试过程会对配置文件不断修改：并且从来不曾手动重新打开session

测试结构：

当配置条件为 lazy=true 一句查询 测试代码中没有调用getPicture() 正常 
Hibernate: select photos0_.id as id0_0_, photos0_.userid as userid0_0_, photos0_.typeid as typeid0_0_, photos0_.name as name0_0_, photos0_.createtime as createtime0_0_, photos0_.description as descript6_0_0_, photos0_.faceid as faceid0_0_, photos0_.uri as uri0_0_ from super.photos photos0_ where photos0_.id=?

lazy=true 一句查询 有getPicture()
Hibernate: select photos0_.id as id0_0_, photos0_.userid as userid0_0_, photos0_.typeid as typeid0_0_, photos0_.name as name0_0_, photos0_.createtime as createtime0_0_, photos0_.description as descript6_0_0_, photos0_.faceid as faceid0_0_, photos0_.uri as uri0_0_ from super.photos photos0_ where photos0_.id=?


lazy=true 一句查询 有getPicture() 并且访问了里面的元数Picture 且有异常抛出
Hibernate: select photos0_.id as id0_0_, photos0_.userid as userid0_0_, photos0_.typeid as typeid0_0_, photos0_.name as name0_0_, photos0_.createtime as createtime0_0_, photos0_.description as descript6_0_0_, photos0_.faceid as faceid0_0_, photos0_.uri as uri0_0_ from super.photos photos0_ where photos0_.id=?


lazy="false" 两句查询 肯定没问题，因为全部数据都个查了出来 所以怎么调用都正常
Hibernate: select photos0_.id as id0_0_, photos0_.userid as userid0_0_, photos0_.typeid as typeid0_0_, photos0_.name as name0_0_, photos0_.createtime as createtime0_0_, photos0_.description as descript6_0_0_, photos0_.faceid as faceid0_0_, photos0_.uri as uri0_0_ from super.photos photos0_ where photos0_.id=?
Hibernate: select pictures0_.photosid as photosid1_, pictures0_.id as id1_, pictures0_.id as id2_0_, pictures0_.photosid as photosid2_0_, pictures0_.name as name2_0_, pictures0_.clicked as clicked2_0_, pictures0_.uploaddate as uploaddate2_0_, pictures0_.size as size2_0_, pictures0_.description as descript7_2_0_, pictures0_.uri as uri2_0_ from super.picture pictures0_ where pictures0_.photosid=?


fetch="join" 一句查询 效果 ＝＝ lazy="false" 呵呵，哪个效率高，我就不知道了。。。。。。。。。。。
Hibernate: select photos0_.id as id0_1_, photos0_.userid as userid0_1_, photos0_.typeid as typeid0_1_, photos0_.name as name0_1_, photos0_.createtime as createtime0_1_, photos0_.description as descript6_0_1_, photos0_.faceid as faceid0_1_, photos0_.uri as uri0_1_, pictures1_.photosid as photosid3_, pictures1_.id as id3_, pictures1_.id as id2_0_, pictures1_.photosid as photosid2_0_, pictures1_.name as name2_0_, pictures1_.clicked as clicked2_0_, pictures1_.uploaddate as uploaddate2_0_, pictures1_.size as size2_0_, pictures1_.description as descript7_2_0_, pictures1_.uri as uri2_0_ from super.photos photos0_ left outer join super.picture pictures1_ on photos0_.id=pictures1_.photosid where photos0_.id=?

不加fetch＝"join" 一句查询 没有getPicture() 正常
Hibernate: select photos0_.id as id0_0_, photos0_.userid as userid0_0_, photos0_.typeid as typeid0_0_, photos0_.name as name0_0_, photos0_.createtime as createtime0_0_, photos0_.description as descript6_0_0_, photos0_.faceid as faceid0_0_, photos0_.uri as uri0_0_ from super.photos photos0_ where photos0_.id=?

不加fetch＝"join" 一句查询 有getPicture() 正常
Hibernate: select photos0_.id as id0_0_, photos0_.userid as userid0_0_, photos0_.typeid as typeid0_0_, photos0_.name as name0_0_, photos0_.createtime as createtime0_0_, photos0_.description as descript6_0_0_, photos0_.faceid as faceid0_0_, photos0_.uri as uri0_0_ from super.photos photos0_ where photos0_.id=?

不加fetch＝"join" 一句查询 有getPicture() 并且访问里面的元素Picture的ID 有异常抛出
Hibernate: select photos0_.id as id0_0_, photos0_.userid as userid0_0_, photos0_.typeid as typeid0_0_, photos0_.name as name0_0_, photos0_.createtime as createtime0_0_, photos0_.description as descript6_0_0_, photos0_.faceid as faceid0_0_, photos0_.uri as uri0_0_ from super.photos photos0_ where photos0_.id=?

来个两兵交战 fetch="join" lazy="true" 呵呵 结果，一句查询， 结构正常 所以就当lazy不存在好了。 看来fetch 是老大。、、、、、、、、、、、、、
Hibernate: select photos0_.id as id0_1_, photos0_.userid as userid0_1_, photos0_.typeid as typeid0_1_, photos0_.name as name0_1_, photos0_.createtime as createtime0_1_, photos0_.description as descript6_0_1_, photos0_.faceid as faceid0_1_, photos0_.uri as uri0_1_, pictures1_.photosid as photosid3_, pictures1_.id as id3_, pictures1_.id as id2_0_, pictures1_.photosid as photosid2_0_, pictures1_.name as name2_0_, pictures1_.clicked as clicked2_0_, pictures1_.uploaddate as uploaddate2_0_, pictures1_.size as size2_0_, pictures1_.description as descript7_2_0_, pictures1_.uri as uri2_0_ from super.photos photos0_ left outer join super.picture pictures1_ on photos0_.id=pictures1_.photosid where photos0_.id=?