【区块链2.0实战学习笔记】————10、Geth的使用

Geth的使用说明

Geth的使用说明可以在终端输入geth help进行查看：

具体细节如下所示：

r00t@ubuntu:~/go-ethereum/build/bin$ ./geth help
INFO [05-08|07:31:37.417] Bumping default cache on mainnet         provided=1024 updated=4096
WARN [05-08|07:31:37.428] Sanitizing cache to Go's GC limits       provided=4096 updated=1307
NAME:
   geth - the go-ethereum command line interface

   Copyright 2013-2019 The go-ethereum Authors

USAGE:
   geth [options] command [command options] [arguments...]
   
VERSION:
   1.9.0-unstable-9b831d74
   
COMMANDS:
   account           Manage accounts
   attach            Start an interactive JavaScript environment (connect to node)
   console           Start an interactive JavaScript environment
   copydb            Create a local chain from a target chaindata folder
   dump              Dump a specific block from storage
   dumpconfig        Show configuration values
   export            Export blockchain into file
   export-preimages  Export the preimage database into an RLP stream
   import            Import a blockchain file
   import-preimages  Import the preimage database from an RLP stream
   init              Bootstrap and initialize a new genesis block
   js                Execute the specified JavaScript files
   license           Display license information
   makecache         Generate ethash verification cache (for testing)
   makedag           Generate ethash mining DAG (for testing)
   removedb          Remove blockchain and state databases
   version           Print version numbers
   wallet            Manage Ethereum presale wallets
   help, h           Shows a list of commands or help for one command
   
ETHEREUM OPTIONS:
  --config value                    TOML configuration file
  --datadir "/home/r00t/.ethereum"  Data directory for the databases and keystore
  --keystore                        Directory for the keystore (default = inside the datadir)
  --nousb                           Disables monitoring for and managing USB hardware wallets
  --networkid value                 Network identifier (integer, 1=Frontier, 2=Morden (disused), 3=Ropsten, 4=Rinkeby) (default: 1)
  --testnet                         Ropsten network: pre-configured proof-of-work test network
  --rinkeby                         Rinkeby network: pre-configured proof-of-authority test network
  --goerli                          Görli network: pre-configured proof-of-authority test network
  --syncmode "fast"                 Blockchain sync mode ("fast", "full", or "light")
  --exitwhensynced                  Exits after block synchronisation completes
  --gcmode value                    Blockchain garbage collection mode ("full", "archive") (default: "full")
  --ethstats value                  Reporting URL of a ethstats service (nodename:secret@host:port)
  --identity value                  Custom node name
  --lightserv value                 Maximum percentage of time allowed for serving LES requests (multi-threaded processing allows values over 100) (default: 0)
  --lightbwin value                 Incoming bandwidth limit for light server (1000 bytes/sec, 0 = unlimited) (default: 1000)
  --lightbwout value                Outgoing bandwidth limit for light server (1000 bytes/sec, 0 = unlimited) (default: 5000)
  --lightpeers value                Maximum number of LES client peers (default: 100)
  --lightkdf                        Reduce key-derivation RAM & CPU usage at some expense of KDF strength
  --whitelist value                 Comma separated block number-to-hash mappings to enforce (=)
  
DEVELOPER CHAIN OPTIONS:
  --dev               Ephemeral proof-of-authority network with a pre-funded developer account, mining enabled
  --dev.period value  Block period to use in developer mode (0 = mine only if transaction pending) (default: 0)
  
ETHASH OPTIONS:
  --ethash.cachedir                     Directory to store the ethash verification caches (default = inside the datadir)
  --ethash.cachesinmem value            Number of recent ethash caches to keep in memory (16MB each) (default: 2)
  --ethash.cachesondisk value           Number of recent ethash caches to keep on disk (16MB each) (default: 3)
  --ethash.dagdir "/home/r00t/.ethash"  Directory to store the ethash mining DAGs (default = inside home folder)
  --ethash.dagsinmem value              Number of recent ethash mining DAGs to keep in memory (1+GB each) (default: 1)
  --ethash.dagsondisk value             Number of recent ethash mining DAGs to keep on disk (1+GB each) (default: 2)
  
TRANSACTION POOL OPTIONS:
  --txpool.locals value        Comma separated accounts to treat as locals (no flush, priority inclusion)
  --txpool.nolocals            Disables price exemptions for locally submitted transactions
  --txpool.journal value       Disk journal for local transaction to survive node restarts (default: "transactions.rlp")
  --txpool.rejournal value     Time interval to regenerate the local transaction journal (default: 1h0m0s)
  --txpool.pricelimit value    Minimum gas price limit to enforce for acceptance into the pool (default: 1)
  --txpool.pricebump value     Price bump percentage to replace an already existing transaction (default: 10)
  --txpool.accountslots value  Minimum number of executable transaction slots guaranteed per account (default: 16)
  --txpool.globalslots value   Maximum number of executable transaction slots for all accounts (default: 4096)
  --txpool.accountqueue value  Maximum number of non-executable transaction slots permitted per account (default: 64)
  --txpool.globalqueue value   Maximum number of non-executable transaction slots for all accounts (default: 1024)
  --txpool.lifetime value      Maximum amount of time non-executable transaction are queued (default: 3h0m0s)
  
PERFORMANCE TUNING OPTIONS:
  --cache value           Megabytes of memory allocated to internal caching (default = 4096 mainnet full node, 128 light mode) (default: 1024)
  --cache.database value  Percentage of cache memory allowance to use for database io (default: 50)
  --cache.trie value      Percentage of cache memory allowance to use for trie caching (default = 25% full mode, 50% archive mode) (default: 25)
  --cache.gc value        Percentage of cache memory allowance to use for trie pruning (default = 25% full mode, 0% archive mode) (default: 25)
  --cache.noprefetch      Disable heuristic state prefetch during block import (less CPU and disk IO, more time waiting for data)
  
ACCOUNT OPTIONS:
  --unlock value           Comma separated list of accounts to unlock
  --password value         Password file to use for non-interactive password input
  --signer value           External signer (url or path to ipc file)
  --allow-insecure-unlock  Allow insecure account unlocking when account-related RPCs are exposed by http
  
API AND CONSOLE OPTIONS:
  --rpc                  Enable the HTTP-RPC server
  --rpcaddr value        HTTP-RPC server listening interface (default: "localhost")
  --rpcport value        HTTP-RPC server listening port (default: 8545)
  --rpcapi value         API's offered over the HTTP-RPC interface
  --rpc.gascap value     Sets a cap on gas that can be used in eth_call/estimateGas (default: 0)
  --ws                   Enable the WS-RPC server
  --wsaddr value         WS-RPC server listening interface (default: "localhost")
  --wsport value         WS-RPC server listening port (default: 8546)
  --wsapi value          API's offered over the WS-RPC interface
  --wsorigins value      Origins from which to accept websockets requests
  --ipcdisable           Disable the IPC-RPC server
  --ipcpath              Filename for IPC socket/pipe within the datadir (explicit paths escape it)
  --rpccorsdomain value  Comma separated list of domains from which to accept cross origin requests (browser enforced)
  --rpcvhosts value      Comma separated list of virtual hostnames from which to accept requests (server enforced). Accepts '*' wildcard. (default: "localhost")
  --jspath loadScript    JavaScript root path for loadScript (default: ".")
  --exec value           Execute JavaScript statement
  --preload value        Comma separated list of JavaScript files to preload into the console
  
NETWORKING OPTIONS:
  --bootnodes value     Comma separated enode URLs for P2P discovery bootstrap (set v4+v5 instead for light servers)
  --bootnodesv4 value   Comma separated enode URLs for P2P v4 discovery bootstrap (light server, full nodes)
  --bootnodesv5 value   Comma separated enode URLs for P2P v5 discovery bootstrap (light server, light nodes)
  --port value          Network listening port (default: 30303)
  --maxpeers value      Maximum number of network peers (network disabled if set to 0) (default: 50)
  --maxpendpeers value  Maximum number of pending connection attempts (defaults used if set to 0) (default: 0)
  --nat value           NAT port mapping mechanism (any|none|upnp|pmp|extip:) (default: "any")
  --nodiscover          Disables the peer discovery mechanism (manual peer addition)
  --v5disc              Enables the experimental RLPx V5 (Topic Discovery) mechanism
  --netrestrict value   Restricts network communication to the given IP networks (CIDR masks)
  --nodekey value       P2P node key file
  --nodekeyhex value    P2P node key as hex (for testing)
  
MINER OPTIONS:
  --mine                         Enable mining
  --miner.threads value          Number of CPU threads to use for mining (default: 0)
  --miner.notify value           Comma separated HTTP URL list to notify of new work packages
  --miner.gasprice "1000000000"  Minimum gas price for mining a transaction
  --miner.gastarget value        Target gas floor for mined blocks (default: 8000000)
  --miner.gaslimit value         Target gas ceiling for mined blocks (default: 8000000)
  --miner.etherbase value        Public address for block mining rewards (default = first account) (default: "0")
  --miner.extradata value        Block extra data set by the miner (default = client version)
  --miner.recommit value         Time interval to recreate the block being mined (default: 3s)
  --miner.noverify               Disable remote sealing verification
  
GAS PRICE ORACLE OPTIONS:
  --gpoblocks value      Number of recent blocks to check for gas prices (default: 20)
  --gpopercentile value  Suggested gas price is the given percentile of a set of recent transaction gas prices (default: 60)
  
VIRTUAL MACHINE OPTIONS:
  --vmdebug         Record information useful for VM and contract debugging
  --vm.evm value    External EVM configuration (default = built-in interpreter)
  --vm.ewasm value  External ewasm configuration (default = built-in interpreter)
  
LOGGING AND DEBUGGING OPTIONS:
  --fakepow                 Disables proof-of-work verification
  --nocompaction            Disables db compaction after import
  --verbosity value         Logging verbosity: 0=silent, 1=error, 2=warn, 3=info, 4=debug, 5=detail (default: 3)
  --vmodule value           Per-module verbosity: comma-separated list of = (e.g. eth/*=5,p2p=4)
  --backtrace value         Request a stack trace at a specific logging statement (e.g. "block.go:271")
  --debug                   Prepends log messages with call-site location (file and line number)
  --pprof                   Enable the pprof HTTP server
  --pprofaddr value         pprof HTTP server listening interface (default: "127.0.0.1")
  --pprofport value         pprof HTTP server listening port (default: 6060)
  --memprofilerate value    Turn on memory profiling with the given rate (default: 524288)
  --blockprofilerate value  Turn on block profiling with the given rate (default: 0)
  --cpuprofile value        Write CPU profile to the given file
  --trace value             Write execution trace to the given file
  
METRICS AND STATS OPTIONS:
  --metrics                          Enable metrics collection and reporting
  --metrics.expensive                Enable expensive metrics collection and reporting
  --metrics.influxdb                 Enable metrics export/push to an external InfluxDB database
  --metrics.influxdb.endpoint value  InfluxDB API endpoint to report metrics to (default: "http://localhost:8086")
  --metrics.influxdb.database value  InfluxDB database name to push reported metrics to (default: "geth")
  --metrics.influxdb.username value  Username to authorize access to the database (default: "test")
  --metrics.influxdb.password value  Password to authorize access to the database (default: "test")
  --metrics.influxdb.tags value      Comma-separated InfluxDB tags (key/values) attached to all measurements (default: "host=localhost")
  
WHISPER (EXPERIMENTAL) OPTIONS:
  --shh                       Enable Whisper
  --shh.maxmessagesize value  Max message size accepted (default: 1048576)
  --shh.pow value             Minimum POW accepted (default: 0.2)
  --shh.restrict-light        Restrict connection between two whisper light clients
  
DEPRECATED OPTIONS:
  --minerthreads value     Number of CPU threads to use for mining (deprecated, use --miner.threads) (default: 0)
  --targetgaslimit value   Target gas floor for mined blocks (deprecated, use --miner.gastarget) (default: 8000000)
  --gasprice "1000000000"  Minimum gas price for mining a transaction (deprecated, use --miner.gasprice)
  --etherbase value        Public address for block mining rewards (default = first account, deprecated, use --miner.etherbase) (default: "0")
  --extradata value        Block extra data set by the miner (default = client version, deprecated, use --miner.extradata)
  
MISC OPTIONS:
  --ulc.config value               Config file to use for ultra light client mode
  --ulc.onlyannounce               ULC server sends announcements only
  --ulc.trusted value              List of trusted ULC servers
  --ulc.fraction value             Minimum % of trusted ULC servers required to announce a new head (default: 0)
  --override.constantinople value  Manually specify constantinople fork-block, overriding the bundled setting (default: 0)
  --graphql                        Enable the GraphQL server
  --graphql.addr value             GraphQL server listening interface (default: "localhost")
  --graphql.port value             GraphQL server listening port (default: 8547)
  --graphql.rpccorsdomain value    Comma separated list of domains from which to accept cross origin requests (browser enforced)
  --graphql.rpcvhosts value        Comma separated list of virtual hostnames from which to accept requests (server enforced). Accepts '*' wildcard. (default: "localhost")
  --help, -h                       show help
  

COPYRIGHT:
   Copyright 2013-2019 The go-ethereum Authors
   
r00t@ubuntu:~/go-ethereum/build/bin$ 

从上面我看到提供了一些共同的最常用的命令、Ethereum选项、链开发选项、交易选项、API和命令选项、网络选项、挖矿选项、认证和调试选项等功能，下面我们简单的介绍一些关于geth的使用。

Geth基础节点模式

1、基于以太坊主链的完全节点方式

2、基于以太坊测试网络的完全节点方式

3、基于Rinkeby测试网络的完全节点方式

写作不易，请作者喝杯奶茶或可乐吧！