背景
相信大家都见过这句话: Tomcat 是 Servlet 的容器, JSP 被动态编译为 Servlet.
什么是 Servlet ? 原来这是一个类:class javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet
JSP 页面被编译为该类的一个子类class org.apache.jsp.***_jsp, 当然, 这个类还被扩展为class org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase
JSP 的类层次关系如下:
java.lang.Object
`javax.servlet.GenericServlet
`javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet
`org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase
`org.apache.jsp.***_jsp
维基百科
Servlet（Server Applet），全称Java Servlet，未有中文译文。是用Java编写的服务器端程序。其主要功能在于交互式地浏览和修改数据，生成动态Web内容。狭义的Servlet是指Java语言实现的一个接口，广义的Servlet是指任何实现了这个Servlet接口的类，一般情况下，人们将Servlet理解为后者。
通用Servlet
一般来说，通用Servlet由javax.servlet.GenericServlet实作Servlet界面。程序设计人员可以通过使用或继承这个类来实现通用Servlet应用。
HttpServlet
javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet实现了专门用于响应HTTP请求的Servlet，提供了响应对应HTTP标准请求的doGet()、doPost()等方法。
生命周期
当servlet被部署在应用服务器中（应用服务器中用于管理Java组件的部分被抽象成为容器）以后，由容器控制servlet的生命周期。除非特殊指定，否则在容器启动的时候，servlet是不会被加载的，servlet只会在第一次请求的时候被加载和实例化。servlet一旦被加载，一般不会从容器中删除，直至应用服务器关闭或重新启动。但当容器做内存回收动作时，servlet有可能被删除。也正是因为这个原因，第一次访问servlet所用的时间要大大多于以后访问所用的时间。
servlet在服务器的运行生命周期为，在第一次请求（或其实体被内存垃圾回收后再被访问）时被加载并执行一次初始化方法，跟着执行正式运行方法，之后会被常驻并每次被请求时直接执行正式运行方法，直到服务器关闭或被清理时执行一次销毁方法后实体销毁。
与JSP的关系
Java服务器页面（JSP）是HttpServlet的扩展。由于HttpServlet大多是用来响应HTTP请求，并返回Web页面（例如HTML、XML），所以不可避免地，在编写servlet时会涉及大量的HTML内容，这给servlet的书写效率和可读性带来很大障碍，JSP便是在这个基础上产生的。其功能是使用HTML的书写格式，在适当的地方加入Java代码片段，将程序员从复杂的HTML中解放出来，更专注于servlet本身的内容。
JSP在首次被访问的时候被应用服务器转换为servlet，在以后的运行中，容器直接调用这个servlet，而不再访问JSP页面。JSP的实质仍然是servlet。
读源码
/*
* Generated by the Jasper component of Apache Tomcat
* Version: Apache Tomcat/7.0.82
* Generated at: 2019-04-09 14:27:49 UTC
* Note: The last modified time of this file was set to
* the last modified time of the source file after
* generation to assist with modification tracking.
*/
package org.apache.jsp;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.jsp.*;
import java.util.*;
public final class default_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase
implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent {
private static final javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory _jspxFactory =
javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory.getDefaultFactory();
private static java.util.Map _jspx_dependants;
private volatile javax.el.ExpressionFactory _el_expressionfactory;
private volatile org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_instancemanager;
public java.util.Map getDependants() {
return _jspx_dependants;
}
public javax.el.ExpressionFactory _jsp_getExpressionFactory() {
if (_el_expressionfactory == null) {
synchronized (this) {
if (_el_expressionfactory == null) {
_el_expressionfactory = _jspxFactory.getJspApplicationContext(getServletConfig().getServletContext()).getExpressionFactory();
}
}
}
return _el_expressionfactory;
}
public org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_getInstanceManager() {
if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) {
synchronized (this) {
if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) {
_jsp_instancemanager = org.apache.jasper.runtime.InstanceManagerFactory.getInstanceManager(getServletConfig());
}
}
}
return _jsp_instancemanager;
}
public void _jspInit() {
}
public void _jspDestroy() {
}
public void _jspService(final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response)
throws java.io.IOException, javax.servlet.ServletException {
final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext;
javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session = null;
final javax.servlet.ServletContext application;
final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config;
javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null;
final java.lang.Object page = this;
javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter _jspx_out = null;
javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext _jspx_page_context = null;
try {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,
null, true, 8192, true);
_jspx_page_context = pageContext;
application = pageContext.getServletContext();
config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
session = pageContext.getSession();
out = pageContext.getOut();
_jspx_out = out;
out.write('\r');
out.write('\n');
response.setHeader("Refresh","1;url=./index.html");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("Welcome \r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write(" \r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write(" ");
} catch (java.lang.Throwable t) {
if (!(t instanceof javax.servlet.jsp.SkipPageException)){
out = _jspx_out;
if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0)
try {
if (response.isCommitted()) {
out.flush();
} else {
out.clearBuffer();
}
} catch (java.io.IOException e) {}
if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t);
else throw new ServletException(t);
}
} finally {
_jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context);
}
}
}
/*
* Generated by the Jasper component of Apache Tomcat
* Version: Apache Tomcat/7.0.82
* Generated at: 2019-04-09 14:27:53 UTC
* Note: The last modified time of this file was set to
* the last modified time of the source file after
* generation to assist with modification tracking.
*/
package org.apache.jsp;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.jsp.*;
import java.util.*;
public final class error_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase
implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent {
private static final javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory _jspxFactory =
javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory.getDefaultFactory();
private static java.util.Map _jspx_dependants;
private volatile javax.el.ExpressionFactory _el_expressionfactory;
private volatile org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_instancemanager;
public java.util.Map getDependants() {
return _jspx_dependants;
}
public javax.el.ExpressionFactory _jsp_getExpressionFactory() {
if (_el_expressionfactory == null) {
synchronized (this) {
if (_el_expressionfactory == null) {
_el_expressionfactory = _jspxFactory.getJspApplicationContext(getServletConfig().getServletContext()).getExpressionFactory();
}
}
}
return _el_expressionfactory;
}
public org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_getInstanceManager() {
if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) {
synchronized (this) {
if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) {
_jsp_instancemanager = org.apache.jasper.runtime.InstanceManagerFactory.getInstanceManager(getServletConfig());
}
}
}
return _jsp_instancemanager;
}
public void _jspInit() {
}
public void _jspDestroy() {
}
public void _jspService(final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response)
throws java.io.IOException, javax.servlet.ServletException {
final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext;
javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session = null;
final javax.servlet.ServletContext application;
final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config;
javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null;
final java.lang.Object page = this;
javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter _jspx_out = null;
javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext _jspx_page_context = null;
try {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,
null, true, 8192, true);
_jspx_page_context = pageContext;
application = pageContext.getServletContext();
config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
session = pageContext.getSession();
out = pageContext.getOut();
_jspx_out = out;
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("Poses-404 \r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("\t\r\n");
out.write("\t\t![\"\"](\"./images/banner.png\")
\r\n");
out.write("\t\t\r\n");
out.write("\t\t\r\n");
out.write("\t\r\n");
out.write("\t\r\n");
out.write("\t\t\r\n");
out.write("\t\r\n");
out.write("\t\r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
} catch (java.lang.Throwable t) {
if (!(t instanceof javax.servlet.jsp.SkipPageException)){
out = _jspx_out;
if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0)
try {
if (response.isCommitted()) {
out.flush();
} else {
out.clearBuffer();
}
} catch (java.io.IOException e) {}
if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t);
else throw new ServletException(t);
}
} finally {
_jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context);
}
}
}