2019-12-29

Android View绘制原理源码解析

众所周知,Android有四大组件,分别是Activity、服务(Service)、广播接收者(BroadcastReceiver)和内容提供者(ContentProvider),虽然View并不属于其中,但是在Android的体系中View一直扮演了非常重要的作用,因为它是视觉上的呈现,同时也是为了满足用户与应用之间的正常交互,Android系统给我们提供了一套GUI库,里面有很多控件,比如布局控件LinearLayout和RelativeLayout,功能控件TextView和Button等,但是在开发中系统提供的控件往往并不能都满足需求,一来是避免应用界面过于同类化,二来是为了完成应用特定的一些功能操作,这就意味着这时我们需要自己自定义View了。为了更好的自定义View满足需求,我们需要对View的工作原理有一定的了解,下面我们就来分析下View的绘制源码。

View的绘制流程是从ViewRootImpl的performTraversals方法开始的,performTraversals会依次调用performMesure、performLayout和performDraw方法,这三个方法分别完成顶级View的mesure、layout和draw这三大流程,performMesure会调用mesure方法,mesure方法又会调用onMesure方法,在onMesure方法又会循环调用子元素的mesure方法,这样就传到给子View同时完成一次measure过程,同理,performLayout和performDraw也是类似的。总体来说经过measure(测量View的宽和高)、layout(确定View在父容器的位置)和draw(View的绘制)才最终完成View的整个绘制流程,将View显示出来,整体流程可以用下图所示

2019-12-29_第1张图片
1、measure过程

想要更好的理解测量过程,就需要先了解MeasureSpec,MeasureSpec在很大程度上决定了View的测量宽高,View的MeasureSpec创建受到父View的MeasureSpec和自身LayoutParams的影响。MeasureSpec代表着一个32位的int值,其中前两位代表specMode(测量模式),后30位代表specSize(在某个测量模式下的大小),MeasureSpec之所以打包成int值是为了避免过多的对象内存分配,它提供了打包和解包的方法,这种实现思想值得我们在开发中进行借鉴,MeasureSpec的源码如下所示,代码还是比较简单的:

public static class MeasureSpec {
    private static final int MODE_SHIFT = 30;
    private static final int MODE_MASK  = 0x3 << MODE_SHIFT;
    public static final int UNSPECIFIED = 0 << MODE_SHIFT;
    public static final int EXACTLY     = 1 << MODE_SHIFT;
    public static final int AT_MOST     = 2 << MODE_SHIFT;

    public static int makeMeasureSpec(int size, int mode) {
        if (sUseBrokenMakeMeasureSpec) {
            return size + mode;
        } else {
            return (size & ~MODE_MASK) | (mode & MODE_MASK);
        }
    }

    public static int makeSafeMeasureSpec(int size, int mode) {
        if (sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec && mode == UNSPECIFIED) {
            return 0;
        }
        return makeMeasureSpec(size, mode);
    }

    public static int getMode(int measureSpec) {
        //noinspection ResourceType
        return (measureSpec & MODE_MASK);
    }

    public static int getSize(int measureSpec) {
        return (measureSpec & ~MODE_MASK);
    }
}

测量模式specMode有三类:

  • UNSPECIFIED:未指定模式,父容器不对View作任何约束,想要多大就给多大。这种情况一般用在系统内部,表示一种测量的状态。一般情况下,我们不用关注该测量模式。
  • EXACTLY:精准模式,父容器已经检测出View所需要的精准大小,这时候 View 的最终大小就是 SpecSize ,它对应于 LayoutParams 中的 match_parent 和具体的数值这两种情况。
  • AT_MOST:最大模式,父容器指定了一个可用大小即specSize,具体大小要看不同View的具体实现,但确定的是View的大小不能超过这个值,它对应于LayoutParams 中的 wrap_content这种情况。

对于普通View,它的MeasureSpec创建受到父View的MeasureSpec和自身LayoutParams的影响,但是对于顶级View也就是DecorView来说,它的MeasureSpec创建是受到窗口的尺寸和自身LayoutParams影响的,MeasureSpec一旦确定下来,就可以确定View的测量宽高了。我们先来看看DecorView的MeasureSpec是如何创建的,在ViewRootImpl的performTraversals中会调用一个方法measureHierarchy,measureHierarchy方法中有下面这样一段代码,其中desiredWindowWidth和desiredWindowHeight是窗口的尺寸大小。

childWidthMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(desiredWindowWidth, lp.width);
childHeightMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(desiredWindowHeight, lp.height);
performMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);

我们来看看getRootMeasureSpec方法的实现,这个方法并不长也很明确,当rootDimension也就是LayoutParams为MATCH_PARENT时,此时为精确模式,大小是窗口的大小;当rootDimension为WRAP_CONTENT时,此时为最大模式,大小不定,但是不能超过窗口的大小;当rootDimension为某个确定值时,此时为精确模式,大小就是这个确定值。

private static int getRootMeasureSpec(int windowSize, int rootDimension) {
    int measureSpec;
    switch (rootDimension) {

    case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT:
        // Window can't resize. Force root view to be windowSize.
        measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
        break;
    case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT:
        // Window can resize. Set max size for root view.
        measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.AT_MOST);
        break;
    default:
        // Window wants to be an exact size. Force root view to be that size.
        measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(rootDimension, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
        break;
    }
    return measureSpec;
}

接下来再来看看performMeasure方法的实现,代码比较简短,可以看到这边调用了View的measure方法,这个mView就是DecorView。

private void performMeasure(int childWidthMeasureSpec, int childHeightMeasureSpec) {
    if (mView == null) {
        return;
    }
    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "measure");
    try {
        mView.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
    } finally {
        Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
    }
}

measure方法是一个final类型的方法,说明View的继承类ViewGroup等子类不能重写此方法,在View的Measure方法中会去调用onMeasure方法,对于View的测量我们主要看的就是onMeasure方法,它是完成View的测量过程的关键方法。

public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        ...
    // first clears the measured dimension flag
    mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;
    resolveRtlPropertiesIfNeeded();
    int cacheIndex = forceLayout ? -1 : mMeasureCache.indexOfKey(key);
    if (cacheIndex < 0 || sIgnoreMeasureCache) {
            // measure ourselves, this should set the measured dimension flag back
            onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
            mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT;
    } 
    ...
}

先来看看View的onMeasure方法的实现,里面只是调用了setMeasuredDimension,这个方法是用来设置保存测量宽高值的,getDefaultSize这个方法也比较简洁,可以看到,当specMode为UNSPECIFIED,返回的测量大小是第一个参数size,也就是getSuggestedMinimumWidth、getSuggestedMinimumHeight方法的返回值,当MeasureSpec的specMode为AT_MOST或者EXACTLY时,返回的就是测量大小specSize,可以发现specMode是AT_MOST时,返回的测量宽高和EXACTLY是一样的,这意味着我们在自定义View设置LayoutParams为wrap_content(对应AT_MOST)时需要自己去设定这种模式下的宽高,否则,它使用的是父容器剩余的可以使用的宽高。

protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
    setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
            getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
}
public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {
    int result = size;
    int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
    int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);

    switch (specMode) {
    case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
        result = size;
        break;
    case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
    case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
        result = specSize;
        break;
    }
    return result;
}

getSuggestedMinimumWidth方法中会判断View是否设置有背景,如果没有,则返回mMinWidth,这个值是我们在布局中文件中设置的android:minWidth的值,如果设置有背景,则返回的是max(mMinWidth, mBackground.getMinimumWidth()),我们看下Drawable中getMinimumWidth的实现,这个方法返回的是背景建议的最小宽度,也就是原始宽度,当然前提是这个Drawable有原始宽度,比如BitmapDrawable,否则就返回0,比如Drawable是ShapeDrawable。同理,getSuggestedMinimumHeight也是类似的。

protected int getSuggestedMinimumWidth() {
    return (mBackground == null) ? mMinWidth : max(mMinWidth, mBackground.getMinimumWidth());
}
public int getMinimumWidth() {
    final int intrinsicWidth = getIntrinsicWidth();
    return intrinsicWidth > 0 ? intrinsicWidth : 0;
}

再来看看ViewGroup的measure过程,ViewGroup不但需要完成自身的测量,还需要去遍历执行调用子View的measure方法,继续对子View进行测量,完成一次测量过程。ViewGroup并没有去实现onMeasure方法,因为对于很多ViewGroup的子类比如RelativeLayout、FrameLayout和LinearLayout它们的布局是不同的,有各自的特性,它们的onMeasure方法各有自身的实现,所以ViewGroup没有onMeasure方法的统一实现。

先通过FrameLayout的onMeasure方法实现来分析下它的测量过程,因为这个方法比较长,我们分段进行说明。从源码中首先判断FrameLayout的宽或者高为精确模式EXACTLY,那么measureMatchParentChildren为true,这个变量下面会用到,maxWidth和maxHeight是最终用来计算FrameLayout测量模式为最大模式AT_MOST或者未指定模式UNSPECIFIED时用来确定其测量宽高,接下里可以看得到,然后通过循环遍历子View,这里调用了measureChildWithMargins方法,这个方法是用来确定子View的MeasureSpec并调用子View的measure方法,把测量过程往下传递到子View的,同时,还可以看到最终循环下来maxWidtht的值是子View测量宽度加上左右两边Margin的最大值,maxHeight的值是子View测量高度加上上下两边Margin的最大值。

protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
    int count = getChildCount();
    final boolean measureMatchParentChildren =
            MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec) != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY ||
                    MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec) != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
    mMatchParentChildren.clear();

    int maxHeight = 0;
    int maxWidth = 0;
    int childState = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        final View child = getChildAt(i);
        if (mMeasureAllChildren || child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
            measureChildWithMargins(child, widthMeasureSpec, 0, heightMeasureSpec, 0);
            final LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
            maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth,
                    child.getMeasuredWidth() + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin);
            maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight,
                    child.getMeasuredHeight() + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin);
            childState = combineMeasuredStates(childState, child.getMeasuredState());
            if (measureMatchParentChildren) {
                if (lp.width == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT ||
                        lp.height == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                    mMatchParentChildren.add(child);
                }
            }
        }
    }  
    ...
}

当对子View循环结束后,FrameLayout就会测量自己的大小,源码如下,首先是将maxWidth和maxHeight加上FrameLayout中的padding值,然后通过和背景和前景(如果有的话)的原始宽高进行对比获取最大值,setMeasuredDimension就是设置FrameLayout的测量宽高。

// Account for padding too
maxWidth += getPaddingLeftWithForeground() + getPaddingRightWithForeground();
maxHeight += getPaddingTopWithForeground() + getPaddingBottomWithForeground();

// Check against our minimum height and width
maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight, getSuggestedMinimumHeight());
maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, getSuggestedMinimumWidth());

// Check against our foreground's minimum height and width
final Drawable drawable = getForeground();
if (drawable != null) {
    maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight, drawable.getMinimumHeight());
    maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, drawable.getMinimumWidth());
}

setMeasuredDimension(resolveSizeAndState(maxWidth, widthMeasureSpec, childState),
        resolveSizeAndState(maxHeight, heightMeasureSpec,
                childState << MEASURED_HEIGHT_STATE_SHIFT));

FrameLayout的onMeasure方法还有一段代码,会对满足一些条件的子View重新测量,结合上面的代码,这些条件就是当FragLayout的宽或高的测量模式为EXACTLY,并且子View的布局中lp.width或者lp.height为MATCH_PARENT时,就会在最后对这些子View重新测量。

count = mMatchParentChildren.size();
if (count > 1) {
    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        final View child = mMatchParentChildren.get(i);
        final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();

        final int childWidthMeasureSpec;
        if (lp.width == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
            final int width = Math.max(0, getMeasuredWidth()
                    - getPaddingLeftWithForeground() - getPaddingRightWithForeground()
                    - lp.leftMargin - lp.rightMargin);
            childWidthMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(
                    width, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
        } else {
            childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(widthMeasureSpec,
                    getPaddingLeftWithForeground() + getPaddingRightWithForeground() +
                    lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin,
                    lp.width);
        }

        final int childHeightMeasureSpec;
        if (lp.height == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
            final int height = Math.max(0, getMeasuredHeight()
                    - getPaddingTopWithForeground() - getPaddingBottomWithForeground()
                    - lp.topMargin - lp.bottomMargin);
            childHeightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(
                    height, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
        } else {
            childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(heightMeasureSpec,
                    getPaddingTopWithForeground() + getPaddingBottomWithForeground() +
                    lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin,
                    lp.height);
        }

        child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
    }
}

回过头来看看resolveSizeAndState方法是如何得到FrameLayout的测量宽高的,以得到测量宽度为例,如果它的测量模式是EXACTLY,也就是布局是match_parent或者具体的数值是,宽度为specSize,如果是AT_MOST,那么它的宽度是size,也就是maxWidth,但是不能超过父容器的剩余空间,如果是UNSPECIFIED,那么测量宽度就是maxWidth,具体可以看下源码:

public static int resolveSizeAndState(int size, int measureSpec, int childMeasuredState) {
    final int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
    final int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
    final int result;
    switch (specMode) {
        case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
            if (specSize < size) {
                result = specSize | MEASURED_STATE_TOO_SMALL;
            } else {
                result = size;
            }
            break;
        case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
            result = specSize;
            break;
        case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
        default:
            result = size;
    }
    return result | (childMeasuredState & MEASURED_STATE_MASK);
}

上面提到measureChildWithMargins方法是用来测量子View的宽高的,将测量过程传递到子View,这个方法是在ViewGroup中的,ViewGroup还提供了一个measureChildren方法,不过这个方法是在AbsoluteLayout的onMeasure方法有调用,来看看measureChildWithMargins这个方法的实现,这个方法首先会调用getChildMeasureSpec来获取子元素的MeasureSpec,从传递的参数中很显然可以看出,View的MeasureSpec的创建与父View的MeasureSpec和View布局自身的LayoutParams有关,另外就是与子View的margin和父View的padding有关。

protected void measureChildWithMargins(View child,
        int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int widthUsed,
        int parentHeightMeasureSpec, int heightUsed) {
    final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();

    final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
            mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin
                    + widthUsed, lp.width);
    final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
            mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin
                    + heightUsed, lp.height);

    child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
}

我们进到getChildMeasureSpec方法来看看View是如何得到它的MeasureSpec的,这个方法不难理解,首先获取父View的specMode和specSize,对子View来说可用的父View的空间大小size,然后根据各种情况进行判断,与获取测量宽度的MeasureSpec为例,比如当父View的specMode为EXACTLY时,如果子View的lp.width也就是childDimension为具体值是,那么resultMode就是这个具体值,resultMode为精准模式EXACTLY;如果子View的childDimension为MATCH_PARENT时,子View的resultSize是可用父View的空间大小size,resultMode也是精准模式EXACTLY;如果子View的childDimension为WRAP_CONTENT时,子View的resultSize是可用父View的空间大小size,resultMode是最大模式AT_MOST。其它情况大家可以自行结合自己在开发中在layout的布局效果自行分析即可,最后就是将resultSize和resultMode打包成MeasureSpec。

public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {
    int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);
    int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);

    int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);

    int resultSize = 0;
    int resultMode = 0;

    switch (specMode) {
    // Parent has imposed an exact size on us
    case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
        if (childDimension >= 0) {
            resultSize = childDimension;
            resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
        } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
            // Child wants to be our size. So be it.
            resultSize = size;
            resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
        } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
            // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
            // bigger than us.
            resultSize = size;
            resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
        }
        break;

    // Parent has imposed a maximum size on us
    case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
        if (childDimension >= 0) {
            // Child wants a specific size... so be it
            resultSize = childDimension;
            resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
        } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
            // Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed.
            // Constrain child to not be bigger than us.
            resultSize = size;
            resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
        } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
            // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
            // bigger than us.
            resultSize = size;
            resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
        }
        break;

    // Parent asked to see how big we want to be
    case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
        if (childDimension >= 0) {
            // Child wants a specific size... let him have it
            resultSize = childDimension;
            resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
        } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
            // Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should
            // be
            resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
            resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
        } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
            // Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how
            // big it should be
            resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
            resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
        }
        break;
    }
    //noinspection ResourceType
    return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);
}
2、layout过程

layout是用来确定View的位置的,它会在layout方法中确定View的位置,对于ViewGroup来说,还会调用onLayout方法来继续遍历调用子View的layout方法确定子View的位置,把布局往下传递,layout过程是从performLayout方法开始的,host就是根View也就是DecorView。

private void performLayout(WindowManager.LayoutParams lp, int desiredWindowWidth,
        int desiredWindowHeight) {
    mLayoutRequested = false;
    mScrollMayChange = true;
    mInLayout = true;

    final View host = mView;
    if (host == null) {
        return;
    }
        ...
    try {
        host.layout(0, 0, host.getMeasuredWidth(), host.getMeasuredHeight());
        ...
    } finally {
        Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
    }
    mInLayout = false;
}

先来看看View的layout方法,首先会通过setFrame方法来给View的四个顶点mLeft、mTop、mRight和mBottom赋值,这四个顶点一旦确定,那么View在父容器的位置也就确定了,接着会调用onLayout方法,这个方法是用来确定子View位置的,对于View来说是空实现,因为View它没有子View。

public void layout(int l, int t, int r, int b) {
    if ((mPrivateFlags3 & PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT) != 0) {
        onMeasure(mOldWidthMeasureSpec, mOldHeightMeasureSpec);
        mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT;
    }

    int oldL = mLeft;
    int oldT = mTop;
    int oldB = mBottom;
    int oldR = mRight;

    boolean changed = isLayoutModeOptical(mParent) ?
            setOpticalFrame(l, t, r, b) : setFrame(l, t, r, b);

    if (changed || (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) == PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) {
        onLayout(changed, l, t, r, b);

        if (shouldDrawRoundScrollbar()) {
            if(mRoundScrollbarRenderer == null) {
                mRoundScrollbarRenderer = new RoundScrollbarRenderer(this);
            }
        } else {
            mRoundScrollbarRenderer = null;
        }

        mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED;

        ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
        if (li != null && li.mOnLayoutChangeListeners != null) {
            ArrayList listenersCopy =
                    (ArrayList)li.mOnLayoutChangeListeners.clone();
            int numListeners = listenersCopy.size();
            for (int i = 0; i < numListeners; ++i) {
                listenersCopy.get(i).onLayoutChange(this, l, t, r, b, oldL, oldT, oldR, oldB);
            }
        }
    }

    final boolean wasLayoutValid = isLayoutValid();

    mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT;
    mPrivateFlags3 |= PFLAG3_IS_LAID_OUT;
        ...
}
protected boolean setFrame(int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
    boolean changed = false;
    if (mLeft != left || mRight != right || mTop != top || mBottom != bottom) {
        changed = true;

        // Remember our drawn bit
        int drawn = mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_DRAWN;

        int oldWidth = mRight - mLeft;
        int oldHeight = mBottom - mTop;
        int newWidth = right - left;
        int newHeight = bottom - top;
        boolean sizeChanged = (newWidth != oldWidth) || (newHeight != oldHeight);

        // Invalidate our old position
        invalidate(sizeChanged);

        mLeft = left;
        mTop = top;
        mRight = right;
        mBottom = bottom;
        ...
    }
    return changed;
}

跟onMeasure方法一样,每种ViewGroup的onLayout方法实现方式也是不同的,我们这次以LinerLayout的onLaout方法为例,LinerLayout有两种布局方式,我们来看下layoutVertical方法的实现。

protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {
    if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) {
        layoutVertical(l, t, r, b);
    } else {
        layoutHorizontal(l, t, r, b);
    }
}

layoutVertical这个方法会遍历所有的子View,然后调用setChildFrame,这个方法是用来确定子元素的位置的,这个方法的内部其实就是调用了子元素的layout方法,layout方法从上面就知道,它会确定view的4个顶点赋值,从而确定View在父View中的位置,然后再调用onLayout方法,这样就把布局过程往下传递,从而完成整个View树的遍历。同时可以看到childTop会逐渐增大,这意味着子View会不断放置到靠下的位置,这也符合LinerLayout布局设置Vertical方向时的布局特性。

void layoutVertical(int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
    ...
    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i);
        if (child == null) {
            childTop += measureNullChild(i);
        } else if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
            final int childWidth = child.getMeasuredWidth();
            final int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight();

            final LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp =
                    (LinearLayout.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
            ...
            if (hasDividerBeforeChildAt(i)) {
                childTop += mDividerHeight;
            }

            childTop += lp.topMargin;
            setChildFrame(child, childLeft, childTop + getLocationOffset(child),
                    childWidth, childHeight);
            childTop += childHeight + lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child);

            i += getChildrenSkipCount(child, i);
        }
    }
}
private void setChildFrame(View child, int left, int top, int width, int height) {
    child.layout(left, top, left + width, top + height);
}
3、draw过程

经过measure和layout过程之后就需要将View绘制到屏幕上显示出来,draw过程是从performDraw方法开始的,最终会执行到判断是否开启了硬件加速,如果没有开启则会执行drawSoftware方法,这个方法会直接去调用mView.draw(canvas),如果开启了则会去执行mAttachInfo.mThreadedRenderer.draw方法,这个方法的内部最终还是会执行到DecorView 的 draw 方法上,它的主要流程如下:

private void performDraw() {
    ...
    try {
        boolean canUseAsync = draw(fullRedrawNeeded);
        if (usingAsyncReport && !canUseAsync) {
            mAttachInfo.mThreadedRenderer.setFrameCompleteCallback(null);
            usingAsyncReport = false;
        }
    } finally {
        mIsDrawing = false;
        Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
    }
    ...
}
private boolean draw(boolean fullRedrawNeeded) {
    ...
    if (!dirty.isEmpty() || mIsAnimating || accessibilityFocusDirty) {
        if (mAttachInfo.mThreadedRenderer != null && mAttachInfo.mThreadedRenderer.isEnabled()) {
            ...
            mAttachInfo.mThreadedRenderer.draw(mView, mAttachInfo, this);
        } else {
            ...
            if (!drawSoftware(surface, mAttachInfo, xOffset, yOffset,
                    scalingRequired, dirty, surfaceInsets)) {
                return false;
            }
        }
    }
        ...
}

对于普通情况下View的绘制步骤主要遵循如下几步:绘制背景(drawBackground(canvas))、绘制自己(onDraw(canvas))、绘制children(dispatchDraw(canvas))、绘制装饰decorations(onDrawForeground(canvas)),如果需要对默认焦点突出显示还会调用drawDefaultFocusHighlight(canvas),其中,向下绘制children的分发是调用dispatchDraw方法,而测量和布局的向下分发是调用onMeasure和onLayout方法的,这是一个区别,源码中的也有详细绘制流程注释,draw的主要源码如下:

public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
    final int privateFlags = mPrivateFlags;
    mPrivateFlags = (privateFlags & ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) | PFLAG_DRAWN;

    /*
     * Draw traversal performs several drawing steps which must be executed
     * in the appropriate order:
     *
     *      1. Draw the background
     *      2. If necessary, save the canvas' layers to prepare for fading
     *      3. Draw view's content
     *      4. Draw children
     *      5. If necessary, draw the fading edges and restore layers
     *      6. Draw decorations (scrollbars for instance)
     */

    // Step 1, draw the background, if needed
    int saveCount;

    drawBackground(canvas);

    // skip step 2 & 5 if possible (common case)
    final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;
    boolean horizontalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_HORIZONTAL) != 0;
    boolean verticalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_VERTICAL) != 0;
    if (!verticalEdges && !horizontalEdges) {
        // Step 3, draw the content
        onDraw(canvas);

        // Step 4, draw the children
        dispatchDraw(canvas);

        drawAutofilledHighlight(canvas);

        // Overlay is part of the content and draws beneath Foreground
        if (mOverlay != null && !mOverlay.isEmpty()) {
            mOverlay.getOverlayView().dispatchDraw(canvas);
        }

        // Step 6, draw decorations (foreground, scrollbars)
        onDrawForeground(canvas);

        // Step 7, draw the default focus highlight
        drawDefaultFocusHighlight(canvas);

        if (debugDraw()) {
            debugDrawFocus(canvas);
        }

        // we're done...
        return;
    }
    ...
}

View绘制原理源码就分析到这了,如果有不对的地方欢迎指出和交流。

参考:

书籍:《Android开发艺术探索》

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