TE20160924/LeadersP9/The low-rate world
目录
《经济学人笔记》食用说明
经济学人笔记#001
经济学人笔记#002
经济学人笔记#003
Pep [pɛp] vt.激励；使活跃n.活力pepped-pepped
1.Central banks have been doing their best to pep up demand. Now they need help.
2.The prime minister aired some ideas about pepping up trade in the region.首相发表了一些刺激本地区贸易的想法。
3.We need lively music to pep up the party.我们需要活泼的音乐来给这个聚会打气.
Crave [kreɪv] vt.& vi.渴望，热望
1.They do not naturally crave the limelight.
2.There may be certain times of day when smokers crave their cigarette.吸烟者可能会在一天中的某些时刻特别想吸烟。
3.You may be craving for some fresh air.你可能很想呼吸呼吸新鲜空气。
Limelight [ˈlaɪmˌlaɪt] n.众人注意的中心；白炽灯
1.They do not naturally crave the imelight.
2.Tony has now been thrust into the limelight, with a high-profile job.托尼现在一下子成了众人关注的中心，因为他有一份经常出镜、见报的工作。
3.Now, Bert, quit hogging the limelight.好了，伯特，别出风头。
Unblinking [ʌnˈblɪŋkɪŋ] adj.不眨眼的;目不转睛的
1.But for the past decade the attention on central bankers has been unblinking—and increasingly hostile
2.He stared into Leo's unblinking eyes.他凝视着利奥一眨不眨的双眼。
3.When he looks back to the child, the eyes are open, staring up at him, unblinking, as dark as the hair on its head.
Hostile [ˈhɒstaɪl] adj.怀有敌意的;不友善的
1.But for the past decade the attention on central bankers has been unblinking—and increasingly hostile.
2.The prisoner eyed him in hostile silence.犯人一言不发，用充满敌意的目光打量着他。
3.Drinking may make a person feel relaxed and happy, or it may make her hostile, violent, or depressed...喝酒可能让人感到放松和愉快，也可能让人变得不友善、暴力或阴郁。
Crisis [ˈkraɪsɪs] n.危机；紧要关头
1.During the financial crisis the Federal Reserve and other central banks were hailed for their actions: by slashing rates and printing money to buy bonds, they stopped a shock from becoming a depression.
2.Natural disasters have obviously contributed to the continent's economic crisis.很显然，自然灾害也是造成该大陆经济危机的原因之一。
3.An end to the crisis seems a long way off.这场危机看来远未结束。
Hailed [heild] v.赞扬，称颂（人、事件或成就）
1.During the financial crisis the Federal Reserve and other central banks were hailed for their actions: by slashing rates and printing money to buy bonds, they stopped a shock from becoming a depression.
2.Faulkner has been hailed as the greatest American novelist of his generation.福克纳被誉为他那一代人中最伟大的美国小说家。
3.US magazines hailed her as the greatest rock'n'roll singer in the world.美国杂志把她奉为世界上最伟大的摇滚歌手
Slash [slæʃ] vt.大幅削减slashed-slashed
1.During the financial crisis the Federal Reserve and other central banks were hailed for their actions: by slashing rates and printing money to buy bonds, they stopped a shock from becoming a depression.
2.Car makers could be forced to slash prices after beingaccused（[əˈkjuzd]v.控告）of overcharging yesterday.昨天被指控要价太高之后，汽车生产商可能会被迫大幅度降价。
3.Everyone agrees that subsidies（[ˈsʌbsidiz]n.补贴，津贴，补助金subsidy）have to be slashed.所有人都同意必须大幅度削减补贴
Bonds [bɑnd] n.债券；
1.During the financial crisis the Federal Reserve and other central banks were hailed for their actions: by slashing rates and printing money to buy bonds, they stopped a shock from becoming a depression.
2.The threat of inflation is already evident in bond prices.通货膨胀的危险在证券价格上已经表现得很明显。
3.Most of it will be financed by government bonds.大部分资金将通过发行政府债券来筹措。
Depression [dɪˈprɛʃən] n.萧条；沮丧
1.During the financial crisis the Federal Reserve and other central banks were hailed for their actions: by slashing rates and printing money to buy bonds, they stopped a shock from becoming a depression.
2.He never forgot the hardships he witnessed during the Great Depression of the 1930s.他永远不会忘记20世纪30年代经济大萧条时期他所亲眼目睹的困苦情形。
3.Lack of exercise can lead to feelings of depression and exhaustion.缺乏锻炼会导致抑郁和疲劳
Macroeconomic [ˌmækroʊˌikə'nɒmɪk] adj.宏观经济的；
1.Now their signature policy, of keeping interest rates low or even negative, is at the centre of the biggest macroeconomic debate in a generation.
2.The meeting produced the usual bromides（[b'roʊmaɪdz]n.陈词滥调bromide）about macroeconomic policy, third-world debt and the environment.会议上提出的还是那些惯常讨论的老套话题——宏观经济政策、第三世界债务和环境问题。
3.The subject can be spilt in the usual way into macroeconomic and microeconomic topics.这一学科通常可分为宏观经济和微观经济两大课题.
Debate [dɪˈbeɪt] n.争论；辩论；v.考虑;盘算;权衡
1.Now their signature policy, of keeping interest rates low or even negative, is at the centre of the biggest macroeconomic debate in a generation.
2.There has been a lot of debate among scholars about this.学者之间对此一直争论纷纷。
3.At the moment we are debating what furniture to buy for the house...我们眼下正盘算着为房子购置什么样的家具。
Ultra ['ʌltrə] Prefix（置于形容词之前构成形容词，用以强调）表示“超…的”，“极其…的”
1.The central bankers say that ultra-loose monetary policy（超宽松的货币政策）remains essential to prop up still-weak economies and hit their inflation targets.
2.a wide range of ultra-modern equipment.一大批超现代设备
3.an ultra-ambitious executive.雄心勃勃的主管
Monetary [ˈmʌnɪteri] adj.（尤指一国）货币的，金融的
1.The central bankers say that ultra-loose monetary policy remains essential to prop up still-weak economies and hit their inflation targets.
2.Some countries tighten monetary policy to avoid inflation...一些国家实行紧缩银根的货币政策，以避免通货膨胀。
3.The grand design of Europe's monetary union is already agreed.欧洲统一货币的宏伟构想已经获得认同。
Prop [prɑp] vt.支撑
1.The central bankers say that ultra-loose monetary policy remains essential to prop up still-weak economies and hit their inflation targets.
2.Investments in the U.S. money market have propped up the American dollar...对美国资金市场的投资扶持了美元。
3.On the Stock Exchange, aggressive buying propped the market up.在证券交易所，市场在大量买单的推动下有所上扬。
Inflation [ɪnˈfleɪʃən] n.膨胀；通货膨胀；自命不凡
1.The central bankers say that ultra-loose monetary policy remains essential to prop up still-weak economies and hit their inflation targets.
2.The rate of inflation is running at about 2.7 percent.通货膨胀率大约为2.7%。
3.Specialists see various reasons for the recent surge in inflation.专家们认为目前通货膨胀加剧有多种原因。
In the wake of 在……之后
1.In the wake ofthe Brexit vote(布雷克斯公投·英国脱离欧盟), the Bank of England has cut its main policy rate to 0.25%, the lowest in its 300-year history.
2.Social problems cropped up in the wake of natural disasters.自然灾害之后,出现了许多社会问题.
3.Dolphins sometimes play in the wake of the boats.有时海豚在船的尾流中嬉戏。
Put off PHRASAL VERB推迟；拖延
1.On September 21st the Federal Reserve put off a rate rise yet again.
2.The Association has put the event off until October.协会已把这次活动推迟至10月。
3.Women who put off having a baby often make the best mothers.晚育的女性经常会成为最优秀的母亲。
Come Yellen and high water 都是Yellen惹的祸 come hell or high water？
美联储主席Janet Yellen；
1.We will remain loyal, come hell or high water.不论如何,我们仍会保持忠诚。
2.Don't worry; I'll be there, come hell or high water.别着急，无论碰到什么困难，我都会去那儿的。
Chorus [ˈkɔrəs, ˈkor-] n.合唱队；齐声，异口同声(表示批评、反对或赞扬)-chourses
1.But a growing chorus of critics frets about the effects of the low rate world—a topsy-turvy place where savers are charged a fee, where the yields on a large fraction of rich-world government debt come with a minus sign, and where central banks matter more than markets in deciding how capital is allocated.
2.The government is defending its economic policies against a growing chorus of criticism.面对日渐高涨的齐声指责，政府不断为其经济政策辩护。
Fret [frɛt] vi.苦恼;烦恼;发愁fretted-fretted
1.But a growing chorus of critics（[k'rɪtɪks]评论员）frets about the effects of the low rate world—a topsy-turvy place where savers are charged a fee, where the yields on a large fraction of rich-world government debt come with a minus sign, and where central banks matter more than markets in deciding how capital is allocated.
2.I was working all hours and constantly fretting about everyone else's problems...我一刻不闲地工作，总是为别人的事操心。
3.But congressional staffers fret that the project will eventually cost billions more.但是国会工作人员担心这项计划最终会多耗资数十亿元。
Topsy-turvy [ˌtɒpsi ˈtɜ:vi] adj.乱七八糟的;颠三倒四的
1.But a growing chorus of critics frets about the effects of the low rate world—a topsy-turvy place where savers are charged a fee, where the yields on a large fraction of rich-world government debt come with a minus sign, and where central banks matter more than markets in deciding how capital is allocated.
2.the moss-covered, topsy-turvy gravestones.长满苔藓、东倒西歪的墓碑
3.The world has turned topsy-turvy in my lifetime.在我的一生中世界已经变得一团糟
Fraction [ˈfrækʃən] n.一小部分，些微；[数]分数；
1.But a growing chorus of critics frets about the effects of the low rate world—a topsy-turvy place where savers are charged a fee, where the yields on a large fraction of rich-world government debt come with a minus sign, and where central banks matter more than markets in deciding how capital is allocated.
2.She hesitated for a fraction of a second before responding...她在回答之前犹豫了一下
3.Here's how to eat like the stars, at a fraction of the cost...这就是如何花少量钱却能像明星一样吃喝的方法。
Allocated [ˈæləkeɪt] vt.分配，分派；把…拨给；
1.But a growing chorus of critics frets about the effects of the low rate world—a topsy-turvy place where savers are charged a fee, where the yields on a large fraction of rich-world government debt come with a minus sign, and where central banks matter more than markets in deciding how capital is allocated.
2.Tickets are limited and will be allocated to those who apply first...票数有限，先申请者先得。
3.The 1985 federal budget allocated $7.3 billion for development programmes... 1985年的联邦预算将73亿美元拨给了开发项目。
Waded [weɪd] vt.& vi. (艰难地)涉，蹚，跋涉；wade in介入；干涉
1.Politicians have waded in.
2.Rescuers had to wade across a river to reach them.救援者必须蹚过一条河才能靠近他们。
3.I waded in to help, but got kicked to the ground.我本想插进去帮忙，结果却被踢倒在地。
Presidential [ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl] adj.总统[总裁，议长，董事长，校长等]（职务）的；
1.Donald Trump, the Republican presidential nominee, has accused Janet Yellen, the Fed’s chairman, of keeping rates low for political reasons.
2.There are several presidential candidates.有数位总统候选人。
Nominee [ˌnɑmɪˈni] n.被提名者，候选人；
1.Donald Trump, the Republican presidential nominee, has accused Janet Yellen, the Fed’s chairman, of keeping rates low for political reasons.
2.The Director is awaiting the Board's affirmation of his nominee.董事长在等待董事会批准他提名的候选人.
3.His nominee for vice president was elected only after a second ballot([ˈbælət]n.投票).他提名的副总统在两轮投票后才当选。
Accuse [əˈkjuz] v.指控、指责accused-accused
1.Donald Trump, the Republican presidential nominee, has accused Janet Yellen, the Fed’s chairman, of keeping rates low for political reasons.
2.All seven charges accused him of lying in his testimony (n.[ˈtestiməni]证词).七项罪名都指控他作伪证。
3.Talk things through in stages. Do not accuse or apportion([əˈpɔrʃən, əˈpor-]vt.分摊，分配) blame.把事情按部就班地讲清楚。不要责难或归罪于人。
Ageing populations 人口老龄化
Real long-term interest rates have been declining for decades, driven by fundamental factors such as ageing populations and the integration ofsavings-rich(高储蓄率)China into the world economy
Reckless [ˈrɛklɪs] adj.鲁莽的;无所顾忌的
1.Nor have they been reckless. In most of the rich world inflation is below the official target.
2.He is charged with causing death by reckless driving.他被控危险驾驶致人死亡。
3.She loved to ride; on horseback, she was reckless and utterly without fear...她喜欢骑马；在马背上，她纵横驰骋，毫无畏惧。
Explicitly [ɪk'splɪsɪtlɪ] adv.明确的;清晰的;毫不隐讳的
1.Only now, for example, has the BoJ（Bank of Japan） explicitly pledged to overshoot its 2% inflation target.
2.Their intention is not to become involved in explicitly political activities.他们无意参与到明显具有政治性的活动中。
3.explicit references to age in recruitment( [rɪˈkrutmənt]) advertising.招聘广告中对年龄的明确要求
Pledged [plɛdʒ] vt.& vi.保证，许诺，发誓（做）
1.Only now, for example, has the BoJ explicitly pledged to overshoot its 2% inflation target.
2.Philip pledges support and offers to help in any way that he can...菲利普保证给予支持，并主动提出尽其所能提供帮助。
3.I pledge that by next year we will have the problem solved.我保证来年之前我们将解决这个问题。
Overshoot [ˌoʊvərˈʃut] vt.超出，突破（预算）overshot-overshot
1.Only now, for example, has the BoJ explicitly pledged to overshoot its 2% inflation target.
2.The government usually overshot its original spending target.政府通常会超出其最初的开支目标。
3.We've got to overshoot, we're having difficulties with the landing gear.我们复飞,我们起落架处境困难.
Anxious [ˈæŋkʃəs] adj.渴望的;急切的
1.The Fed still seems anxious to push up rates as soon as it can.
2.He is anxious that there should be no delay.他非常希望不会出现延误。
3.Both the Americans and the Russians are anxious to avoid conflict in South Asia.美国人和俄罗斯人都迫切希望避免在南亚发生冲突
Mounting [ˈmaʊnt] vi.增加；上升；mounted-mounted
1.Yet the evidence is mounting that the distortions caused by the low-rate world are growing even as the gains are diminishing.
2.He ignored his mounting debts.他对日益增加的债务置之不理。
3.The uncollected garbage mounts in city streets.未收的垃圾在市区街道上越积越多。
Distortion [dɪˈstɔrʃən] n.扭曲，变形；失真，畸变；
1.Yet the evidence is mounting that the distortions caused by the low-rate world are growing even as the gains are diminishing.
2.Audio signals can be transmitted along cables without distortion.声音信号可以通过电缆传送而不失真。
3.I think it would be a gross distortion of reality to say that they were motivated by self-interest...我认为说他们是受自身利益的驱使是对事实的严重歪曲。
Diminishing [dɪˈmɪnɪʃ] vt.（使）减小;（使）减弱;（使）降低
1.Yet the evidence is mounting that the distortions caused by the low-rate world are growing even as the gains are diminishing.
2.The threat of nuclear war has diminished...核战争的威胁已经减小了。
3.Federalism is intended to diminish the power of the central state...联邦制旨在削弱中央政府的权力
Pension [ˈpɛnʃən] n.养老金；退休金；抚恤金
1.The pension-plan deficits of companies and local governments have ballooned because it costs more to honour future pension promises when interest rates fall.
2.He is moving ever closer to drawing his pension.他就要领取养老金了。
3.a company pension scheme([skim]n.计划；体系；).公司养老金计划
Deficit [ˈdɛfɪsɪt] n.差额;赤字;亏损;逆差
1.The pension-plan deficits of companies and local governments have ballooned because it costs more to honour future pension promises when interest rates fall.
2.They're ready to cut the federal budget deficit for the next fiscal year.他们已准备好削减下一财年的联邦预算赤字。
3.He recovered from a 4-2 deficit to reach the quarter-finals.他在2比4落后的情况下实现逆转闯进1/4决赛。
Impair [ɪmˈper] vt.损害，削弱；
1.That impairs their ability to make loans even to the creditworthy.
2.Consumption of alcohol impairs your ability to drive a car or operate machinery...饮酒会削弱你驾驶汽车或操控机器的能力。
3.Tiredness can seriously impair your ability to drive.疲劳会大大影响你的驾驶能力.
Creditworthy [ˈkredɪtwɜrði] adj.有信誉的;信用可靠的
1.That impairs their ability to make loans even to the creditworthy.
2.Building societies make loans to creditworthy customers.购房互助协会为信誉良好的客户提供贷款。
3.In the long term this would make developing countries more creditworthy.从长期看,这将提高发展中国家的资信.
Skew [skju] vt.& vi.影响…的准确性;歪曲;扭曲skewed-skewed
1.Unendingly low rates have skewed financial markets, ensuring a bigsell-offif rates were suddenly to rise.
2.Today's election will skew the results in favor of the northern end of the county.今天的选举将使结果有利于这个郡的北部地区。
3.Other factors could skew the vote in unpredictable ways.
Perils [ˈpɛrəl] n.危险；冒险；
1.The longer this goes on, the greater the perils that accumulate.
2.Anyone who breaks the law does so at their peril.违法者要自担后果。
3.The British never awaken to peril until it is almost too late.英国人从来不懂得防患于未然。
Accumulate [əˈkjumjəˌlet] vt.& vi.堆积;积累;积聚
1.The longer this goes on, the greater the perils that accumulate.
2.How can I accumulate enough cash to get out of debt?我怎么才能攒足钱还清债务呢？
3.However, as evidence began to accumulate, experts felt obliged([ə'blaɪdʒd]迫使做)to investigate.然而,由于证据开始增多了,专家们感到必须进行调查了.
Vital ['vaɪtl] adj.必要的;至关重要的;必不可少的
1.To live safely in a low-rate world, it is time to move beyond a reliance on central banks. Structuralreforms([rɪˈfɔrm]n.改革)to increaseunderlying([ˌʌndərˈlaɪɪŋ]adj.潜在的，含蓄的)growth rates have a vital role.
2.The vital clue to the killer's identity was his nickname, Peanuts.查明杀手身份的重要线索是他的外号叫“花生”.
3.Officials failed to pass vital information to their superiors.官员们没有将重要信息汇报给他们的上司。
Materialise [məˈtɪrɪəlˌaɪz] v.变为现实;实现;发生;出现
1.But their effects materialise only slowly and economies need succour now.
2.It has yet to materialise.但这种说法仍未见端倪.
3.I don't think her idealistic plans will ever materialise.我以为她那些空想的计划永远不会实现.
Succour [ˈsʌkɚ] n.援助;援救;帮助
1.But their effects materialise only slowly and economies need succour now.
2.Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal promised security and succour to those in need.富兰克林-罗斯福总统的“新政”许诺给予有需要的人以安全和帮助.
Enlist [ɪnˈlɪst] vt.取得，赢得（帮助）
1.The most urgent priority is to enlist fiscal policy(财政政策).
2.They hoped to enlist the help of the public in solving the crime.他们希望寻求公众协助破案。
3.If your marriage or relationship is in disrepair, enlist the help of a marriage guidance counsellor.如果你们的婚姻或关系出现裂痕，就向婚姻指导顾问求助。
Fiscal [ˈfɪskəl] adj.(政府)财政的;国库的;(尤指)税收的
1.The most urgent priority is to enlist fiscal policy.
2.The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策.
3.As to your wish to have an extra secretary , let's leave it open until the next fiscal year.你希望增补一名秘书的事，到下一财政年度再定。
Recessions [rɪˈsɛʃən] n.经济衰退，不景气
1.The main tool for fighting recessions has to shift from central banks to governments.
2.The economy remains deep in recession with few signs of a pick-up.经济仍深陷衰退之中，几乎没有好转的迹象。
3.The recession caused sales to drop off...经济不景气使销量下降。
Granted [græntɪd] conj.假定，就算
1.Back then(那时) governmentstook it for granted (认为理所当然) that it was their responsibility to pep up demand.
2.I take it for granted that they have arrived there already.我还以为他们已经到那儿了.
3.Granted that the firm has not broken the law, is the law what it should be?的确，这家公司没有违法，但这样的法律是否合理呢？
Reversing [rɪˈvɜrs] v.逆转，彻底改变（决定、政策、趋势等）
1.The problem was that politicians were good at cutting taxes and increasing spending toboost(vt.促进，提高)the economy, but hopeless at reversing course when such a boost was no longer needed.
2.The rise, the first in 10 months, reversed the downward trend in Belgium's jobless rate. 10个月来失业率的首次上升逆转了比利时失业率持续下降的趋势。
3.The normal word order is reversed in passive sentences.正常词序在被动句中是颠倒的。
Stimulus [ˈstɪmjələs] n.刺激物;促进因素→复数stimuli['stɪmjəlaɪ]
1.Fiscal stimulus became synonymous with anever-bigger(bigger than ever)state.
2.Interest rates could fall soon and be a stimulus to the US economy...利率可能很快就会下调，从而刺激美国经济。
3.Light is a stimulus to growth in plants.光是促进植物生长的一个因素.
Synonymous [sɪˈnɑnɪməs] adj.(与…)关系紧密的;等同(于)…的;互为依存的
1.Fiscal stimulus became synonymous with an ever-bigger state.
2.In politics, power and popularity are not synonymous.在政治上，权力和声望并非相依而存。
3.Going grey is not necessarily synonymous with growing old.头发变白并不一定等于变老了。
Revive [rɪˈvaɪv] vt.(使)复苏;(使)复兴;(使)恢复;(使)再次流行
1.The task today is to find a form of fiscal policy that can revive the economy in the bad times without entrenching government in the good.
2.His trial([ˈtraiəl]n.试验;[法]审讯;审判) revived memories of French suffering during the war...他的受审重新勾起了在战争中受苦受难的法国人民的回忆。
3.Economists argued that freer markets would quickly revive the region's economy.经济学家认为更加自由的市场将使这个地区的经济迅速复苏
Entrenching [ɛnˈtrɛntʃ] v.使（权力、习俗、观念等）根深蒂固
1.The task today is to find a form of fiscal policy that can revive the economy in the bad times without entrenching government in the good.
2.Indeed, it could entrench certain people's view of themselves as anti - Western outsiders.它的确会让某种人树立这么一种信念,认为自己就是反西方的局外人.
3.Will the economic crisis force change, or entrench privilege?经济危机会推动改变,还是保护特权?
Namely [ˈnemli] adv.即;那就是;也就是
1.That means going beyond the standard response to calls for more public spending:namely, infrastructure investment.
2.They were hardly aware of the challenge facing them, namely, to re-establish prosperity.他们几乎没有意识到自己面临的挑战，即再创繁荣。
3.We need to concentrate on our target audience, namely women aged between 20 and 30.我们须针对我们的听众对象，即年龄在20到30岁之间的妇女。
Infrastructure [ˈɪnfrəˌstrʌktʃɚ] n.(国家、社会、组织赖以行使职能的)基础建设,基础设施
1.That means going beyond the standard response to calls for more public spending: namely, infrastructure investment. To be clear, spending onproductive([prəˈdʌktɪv, pro-]adj.富有成效的；有益的)infrastructure is a good thing.
2.Vast sums are needed to maintain the infrastructure.保养基础设施需要巨额款项.
3.A reliable infrastructure is sometimes lacking in developing countries.在发展中国家里有时缺少可靠的基础设施。
Toll [toʊl] n.(公路、桥梁的)收费；伤亡人数
1.Much of the rich world could do with new toll roads, railways and airports, and it will never be cheaper to build them.
2.A toll road or toll bridge is a road or bridge where you have to pay in order to use it.
3.There are fears that the casualty toll may be higher.有人担心伤亡总数可能会更高。
white-elephant projects 昂贵而无用的东西;华而不实的东西
1.To manage the risk of white-elephant projects,private-sector(私营产业；私营企业)partners should be involved from the start.
2.The new office block has become an expensive white elephant.这座新办公大楼成了昂贵的摆设。
Desperate [ˈdɛspərɪt]adj.极需要的;渴望的
1.Pension and insurance funds are desperate for long-lasting assets that will generate the steady income they have promised toretirees.
2.They'd been married nearly four years and June was desperate to start a family...他们结婚已快4年了，琼非常渴望要个孩子。
3.People are desperate for him to do something.人们极希望他能做点什么。
Merits [ˈmɛrɪt] n.根据事物本身的情况(来评价);价值
1.Specialist pension funds can adviseon a project’s merits,with one eye on(have one eye/half eye on sth做一件事时悄悄注意另一件事)eventually buying the assetsin question(考虑之中的，被谈论着的).
2.Everybody is selected on merit...每个人都是凭个人才能入选的。
3.Each case is judged on its merits.每个案件都是按照案件本身的特点判定的。
Ambitious [æmˈbɪʃəs] adj.规模宏大的；艰巨的
1.Ambitious capital projects cannot be turned on and off tofine-tune(微调)the economy.
2.The ambitious project was completed in only nine months...这个规模宏大的项目只用了9个月就完成了。
3.The plan may well be over-ambitious, and is clearly open to discussion.该计划可能太过好高骛远，势必要招致争论。
Bog [bɔg] vi.阻碍，使不能前进；bogged-bogged
1.They are a nightmare to plan, take ages to deliver and risk becoming bogged down in politics.
2.We intended from the very beginning to bog the prosecution down over who did this.我们从一开始就打算延缓对责任人提出诉讼。
Countercyclical [ˌkaʊntə'saɪklɪkəl]adj.反周期的
1.To be effective as a countercyclical tool, fiscal policy must mimic the best features of modern-day monetary policy,wherebyindependent central banks can act immediately to loosen or tighten as circumstances require.
2.It should also have stimulated the world economy through countercyclical fiscal policy.美国也应该通过反周期的财政政策刺激世界经济.
Mimic [ˈmɪmɪk] vt.模仿，学样；摹拟；
1.To be effective as a countercyclical tool, fiscal policy must mimic the best features of modern-day monetary policy,whereby(adv.凭此;借以)independent central banks can act immediately to loosen or tighten as circumstances require.
2.The computer doesn't mimic human thought; it reaches the same ends by different means.计算机并没有模仿人的思维，而是通过不同的手段达到了相同的目的。
3.Neural networks are computer systems which mimic the workings of the brain.神经网络是模拟大脑工作方式的计算机系统。
Keynesianism [ ˈkeɪnziənizəm] n.凯恩斯主义：主张国家采用扩张性的经济政策，通过增加需求促进经济增长。
Technocrats [ˈtɛknəˌkræt] n.技术专家官员;技术官僚
1.Politicians will not—and should not—hand over big budget decisions to technocrats.
2.A technocrat is a scientist, engineer, or other expert who is one of a group of similar people who have political power as well as technical knowledge.
3.He is a distant technocrat who is unable to connect with ordinary voters.作为一个冷淡的技术官僚，他不能做到与普通选民息息相通。
Politicised [pəˈlitisaizd] v.使政治化；使具有政治性；使关心（或参与）政治
1.Yet there are ways to make fiscal policy less politicised and moreresponsive(反应迅速的;积极响应的).
2.Some feminists had attempted to politicize personal life.一些女权主义者尝试过将个人生活政治化。
3.The data that's being used to fault American education is highly politicized.用来指责美国教育的数据被高度政治化了。
Councils [ˈkaʊnsəl] n.市政委员会;地方议会
1.Independent fiscal councils, like Britain’s Office for Budget Responsibility, can helpdepoliticisepublic-spending(政府开支，公共费用) decisions, but they do nothing to speed up fiscal action.
2.The District Council made a weekly collection of refuse.区政务委员会每周收取一次垃圾。
3.Today's Security Council resolution will be a significant success for American diplomacy.今天的安理会决议对于美国外交而言是一次重大的成功。
Bind [baɪnd] VERB使紧密联系；使关系密切bound-bound
1.For that, more automaticity is needed,binding some spending to changes in theeconomic cycle(经济周期).
2.If something binds people together, it makes them feel as if they are all part of the same group or have something in common.
3.It is the memory and threat of persecution that binds them together.遭受迫害的记忆和威胁把他们紧紧联系在一起。
Duration [duˈreɪʃn] n.(某事件或状态的)持续时间,期间
1.The durationand generosity of unemployment benefits could be linked to theoverall(全部)joblessness rate in the economy, for example.
2.He was given the task of protecting her for the duration of the trial...他的任务是在审讯期间保护她。
3.The school was used as a hospital for the duration of the war.战争期间这所学校被用作医院。
Generosity [ˌdʒenəˈrɑsəti] 慷慨；大方
1.The duration and generosity of unemployment benefits could be linked to the overall joblessness rate in the economy, for example.
2.“救助慷慨指数”（benefit generosity index）
3.There are stories about his generosity, the massive amounts of money he gave to charities.有传闻说他向慈善机构慷慨解囊，捐献巨款。
Joblessness ADJ失业的；无工作的
1.The duration and generosity of unemployment benefits could be linked to the overall joblessness rate in the economy, for example.
2.One in four people are now jobless in inner areas like Tottenham and Peckham.像托特纳姆和佩卡姆这样的内陆地区失业人口达1/4。
Deduction [dɪˈdʌkʃən] n.扣除额;减除数
1.Sales taxes, income-tax deductions or tax-free allowances on saving could similarly vary in line with the state of the economy, using the unemployment rate as the lodestar.
2.your gross income (before tax and National Insurance deductions)(扣除税款和国民保险之前的)总收入
3.The allowable deduction is apportioned between the estate and thebeneficiaries（[ˌbenəˈfɪʃi:ˌeri:z]n.受益人）.减免的税额在地产和受益人之间分摊。
Allowance [əˈlaʊəns] n.免税额
1.Sales taxes, income-tax deductions or tax-free allowances on saving could similarly vary in line with the state of the economy, using the unemployment rate as the lodestar.
2.Most of our flights have a baggage allowance of 44lbs per passenger.我们大多数航班行李限重为每位乘客44磅。
3.The personal allowance depends on your age andmarital([ˈmærɪtl]adj.婚姻的)status.个人免税额的多少取决于年龄和婚姻状况。
Lodestar ['loʊdstɑr] n.北极星
1.Sales taxes, income-tax deductions or tax-free allowances on saving could similarly vary in line with the state of the economy, using the unemployment rate as the lodestar.
2.A mistress lives perhaps too much in the present, but this immediacy is a lodestar.一个情人则可能过分注重此情此景,活在当下就是她的指导原则.
3.High on the list is the idea that "happiness" is the lodestar of a life well-lived.
Shoulder [ˈʃoʊldə(r)] vt.承担;担负;肩负
1.Central banks have had to take on so much responsibility since the financial crisis because politicians have so far failed to shoulder theirs.
2.Some of the blame for the disastrous night must be shouldered by the promoters.筹办方必须为那个灾难性的夜晚承担一部分责任。
Twist [twɪst] n.意外转折;重大转机
1.But each new twist on ultra-loose monetary policy has less power and more drawbacks.
2.the twists and turns of economic policy…经济政策的一波三折
Drawbacks [ˈdrɔˌbæk] n.缺点;缺陷;不利条件
1.But each new twist on ultra-loose monetary policy has less power and more drawbacks.
2.He felt the apartment's only drawback was that it was too small.他觉得这个公寓唯一的缺点就是太小了。
3.Everything has its drawback.事事不免有缺点.
Downturn [ˈdaʊntɜrn] n.(经济等的)衰退，下降趋势
1.When the next downturn comes, this kind of fiscal ammunition will be desperately needed.
2.They predicted a severe economic downturn.他们预言会有严重的经济衰退。
Ammunition [ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən] n.<比喻>战斗手段；子弹
1.When the next downturn comes, this kind of fiscal ammunition will be desperately needed.
2.Government forces are running short of ammunition and fuel.政府军队的弹药和燃料都所剩无几了。