1. derail
V-T Toderailsomething such as a plan or a series of negotiations means to prevent it from continuing as planned. 打乱 (原定计划)[journalism]
2. data breach 数据泄露
the 4.8billion takeover of Yahoo, an internet firm, by Verizon, a telecoms firm, was nearly derailed by two enormous data breaches;
3. extortion
N-UNCOUNTExtortion is the crime of obtaining something from someone, especially money, by using force or threats. 勒索
4. compounted
ADJIf something iscompounded ofdifferent things, it is a mixture of those things. 混合的
5. This is not a counsel of despair. The risk from fraud, car accidents and the weather can never be eliminated completely either.
这倒并不意味这绝望，不过来自诈骗，车祸，等等的风险也不会完全消失。
6. refrain
V-IIf yourefrainfromdoing something, you deliberately do not do it. 忍住; 克制
Government‘s first priority is to refrain from making the situation worse.
政府首先要防止情况恶化。
7. spark
V-TIf one thingsparksanother, the first thing cause the second thing to start happening. 引发
Terrorist attacks, like..., often spark calls for encryption to to weakened so that the sucurity services can better monitor what indivuduals are up to.
恐怖袭击经常会引发一种呼声，要弱化加密，才能保证安保设施更好的监控人们的动向。
8. hamper
V-TIf someone or somethinghampersyou, they make it difficult for you to do what you are trying to do. 妨碍
9. default
N-UNCOUNTIn computing, thedefaultis a particular set of instructions which the computer always uses unless the person using the computer gives other instructions. 默认值[计算机]
default usernames and passwords 原始用户名和密码
10. botnet
N a network of computers infected by a program that communicates with its creator in order to send unsolicited emails, attack websites, etc 僵尸网络; 被一程序感染的计算机网络，该程序接收程序创建者指令，向互联网大量主机发送不请自来的邮件、攻击网络等
Think of botnets, networks of computers, from desktops to routers to "smart" lightbulbs, that are infected with malware and attack other targets.
11. disclaim
V-TIf youdisclaimknowledge of something ordisclaimresponsibility for something, you say that you did not know about it or are not responsible for it. 否认
disclaimer
N-COUNTAdisclaimeris a statement in which a person says that they did not know about something or that they are not responsible for something. 免责声明[正式]
12. ...only if firms have relatively free rein to ...
有。。的自由
13. moot
ADJIf a subject or question ismoot, it has no practical importance. 无实际意义的
But this point will soon be moot. As computers spread to products covered by established liability arrangements, such as cars or domestic goods, the industry's disclaimers will increasingly butt up against existing laws.
但是这一点很快就毫无意义。随着电脑蔓延到由现存责任安排所覆盖的产品，如汽车或国内商品，该产业的免责声明将会更大程度上违背现存法律。
14. excoriate
V-TToexcoriatea person or organization means to criticize them severely, usually in public. (公开)指责
...a bestselling book that exposed and excoriated the industry's lax attitude.
。。畅销书曝光并严厉指责了汽车产业的松懈态度
15. come down hard on 严厉惩罚
16. clamour
Now imagine the clamour for legislation after the first child fatality involving self-driveing cars.
想像一下，如果无人驾驶汽车导致了第一例孩童死亡，人们会如何吵嚷着对该领域立法。
17. have (a) recourse to 诉诸或采取，求助于，依靠
A firm that takes reasonable steps to make things safe, but which is compromised nevertheless, will have recourse to an insurance payout that will stop it from going bankrupt.
采取合理的方式确保安全的公司，然而做出妥协的，将可求助保险金额，而不至于破产。
18.