How to Read a Book, chapter 4 Inspectional Reading
读书不能只见树木，不见森林
Words & Phrases (每日五词）
1. pigeonhole
[noun]A pigeon-hole is one of the sections in a frame on a wall where letters and messages can be left for someone, or one of the sections in a writing desk where you can keep documents.
置于墙上或书桌中的鸽笼式分类架，信件或文件格；
[verb] To pigeon-hole someone or something means to decide that they belong to a particular class or category, often without considering all their qualities or characteristics.
常指未全面考虑特质或特点地给…分类，把…归类；
2.expository/ɪkˈspɒzɪˌtərɪ/
adjective
intended to explain or describe something
解释的; 说明的; 阐述的：
expository works
3. blurb
a promotional statement (as found on the dust jackets of books)
a short description of a book, film, or other product written for promotional purposes and appearing on the cover of a book or in an advertisement
（图书封面、广告中书籍、影片等的）内容简介
4. impede
Toimpedesomething is to delay or block its progress or movement. Carrying six heavy bags will impede your progress if you're trying to walk across town.
词根记忆单词
im- prefix
ped- foot
5. pedantic
If you think someone ispedantic, you mean that they are too concerned with unimportant details or traditional rules, especially in connection with academic subjects.[disapproval]
能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词] 过分拘泥于细节或传统的；学究气的；迂腐的
Summary of chapter 4
This chapter tells us that there is no single right speed at which you should read. You should have the ability to read at various speeds.Skimming or pre-reading is fast reading and using this reading skill you will quickly find out whether a book is worth reading.Follow the steps of inspectional reading listed in the book, within limited time, you will know more about the book.
inspectional Reading I
1.aims:
when you do not know whether the book you have in hand is worth reading carefully
to get some idea of a book’s form and structure
2. rules:
Do not try to understand every word of page of a difficulty book in first time through.
3. steps:
- look at the page (subtitle, induction, author’s angle etc, then place the book in the appropriate category in your mind for future reference
- study the table of contents (to obtain a general sense of the book’s structure)
- check the index ( look up some of passages cited to identify some crucial terms)
- read the blurb
- finished four steps below, you may know if you want to read the book more carefully or not.
- look at the chapters pivotal to the book’s argument, chapter summaries
- turn the pages, reading a paragraph or two , epilogue ( do not fail to read the last two or three pages)
4.time:a few minutes to at most an hour
5. results:
You will be surprised to find out how much time you will save, pleased to see how much more you will grasp, and relieved to discover how much easier it all can be than you supposed.
inspectional Reading II
“That rule is simply this: In tackling a difficult book for the first time, read it through without ever stopping to look-up or ponder the things you do not understand right away.”
感悟：
如果把读书比作旅行，检视阅读就像是做旅游攻略， 探索你的目的地是否值得一游。哪些地方值得你花时间深度游；哪些地方根本不值得去，哪些地方到此一游。
去书店买书的时候，选书的过程就是一次检视阅读，只是你没有意识到。检视阅读是提升阅读必备技能，直接影响你的进阶。
从这章的阅读中可以发现很多阅读误区，总结出来，跟大家学习。
误区1：在读有一定难度的书是，我们往往把精力耗费在我们不懂的地方，拼命去查字典，查参考书，一本书最后无疾而终。
因为一本有难度的书，要通过多次阅读才能完成。正确的阅读姿势是：不要停在你不懂的地方，一直读完，一定要读完第一遍，也许第一遍只掌握了50%或者更少，但是第二遍你一定会理解的更多。
误区2： 盯在不懂的地方一动不动，是不会有进展的，问题不会因为你看的时间长就有答案的，只有继续阅读，才有可能找到答案。
误区3: 书读的越慢越好。总以为书抠的越细越好，不同的书有不同的读法，读书太细，就会只见树不目见森林。重点在哪里，精力就放在哪里。
误区4：拿到一本书就从头开始读。
值得细嚼慢咽的好书实在太少了，作者在书中书，如果每本书都一个字一个字从头读到尾，这是一件不可想象的事情。
“Too often, there are things we have to read that are not really worth spending a lot of time reading; if we cannot read them quickly, it will be a terrible waste of time. ”
在检视阅读中自己要注意的几点：
1. 检视阅读的第一步”look at the page”，不是看看封面，看看副标题就完了，最重要的是要把手头上的这本书跟之前读的书形成关联，为将来主题阅读做准备。
2. index的重要性: 我之前从来没有看过index, 跟没有去查过原文段落，index 的确会让你更容易抓住作者的观点。
比如这本书索引，19页引用Bacon的原文是：Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested: that is, some books are to be read only in parts, others to be read, but not curiously, and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.
3. 大部分书不需要精读: 学会检视阅读，找对精读书目，好书不多
4. 检视阅读的方法知道了，比不意味着你掌握了这项技能，多应用。原版书可能会比较吃力，可以在中文书上多尝试。
下一步计划是把家里没有读过的书拿出来，用检视阅读的方法，分出速度书目和精读书目。解读囤积的图书。
今日小进步：用PS做了四个阅读层次的图，表示包含关系