目录
- 简介
- 功能依赖
- 生成RSA秘钥
- PKCS1格式
- PKCS8格式
- 私钥操作
- PKCS1与PKCS8格式互转
- PKCS1与PKCS8私钥中提取公钥
- PEM操作
- PEM格式密钥读取
- PEM格式密钥写入
- RSA加解密
- 获取非对称秘钥参数（AsymmetricKeyParameter）
- RSA加解与解密
- RSA密文算法
- 编码算法
- BouncyCastle提供的Base64编码算法
- BouncyCastle提供的Hex十六进制编码算法
- RSA加解密示例
- 下期预告
简介
加解密现状，编写此项目的背景：
- 需要考虑系统环境兼容性问题（Linux、Windows）
- 语言互通问题（如C#、Java）
- 网上资料版本不一、不全面
- .NET官方库密码算法提供不全面，很难针对其他语言（Java）进行适配
本系列文章主要介绍如何结合BouncyCastle在 .NET Core 中使用非对称加密算法、编码算法、哈希算法、对称加密算法、国密算法等一系列算法，内容篇幅代码居多（加解密算法相关的原理知识网上有很多，因此不过多介绍）。如有错误之处，还请大家批评指正。
本系列代码项目地址：https://github.com/fuluteam/ICH.BouncyCastle.git
功能依赖
BouncyCastle（https://www.bouncycastle.org/csharp） 是一个开放源码的轻量级密码术包；它支持大量的密码术算法，它提供了很多.NET Core标准库没有的算法。
支持.NET 4，.NET Standard 1.0-2.0，WP，Silverlight，MonoAndroid，Xamarin.iOS，.NET Core
| 功能 | 依赖 |
|---|---|
| Portable.BouncyCastle | Portable.BouncyCastle • 1.8.5 |
生成RSA秘钥
PKCS1格式
///
/// PKCS1（非Java适用）
///
/// 密钥长度”一般只是指模值的位长度。目前主流可选值：1024、2048、3072、4096...
/// PEM格式
/// PKCS8格式
///
/// PKCS8（JAVA适用）
///
/// 密钥长度”一般只是指模值的位长度。目前主流可选值：1024、2048、3072、4096...
/// PEM格式
/// 私钥操作
PKCS1与PKCS8格式互转
仅私钥有PKCS1和PKCS8之分，公钥无格式区别。
///
/// Pkcs1>>Pkcs8
///
/// Pkcs1私钥
/// 是否转PEM格式
/// ///
/// Pkcs8>>Pkcs1
///
/// Pkcs8私钥
/// 是否转PEM格式
/// PKCS1与PKCS8私钥中提取公钥
///
/// 从Pkcs1私钥中提取公钥
///
/// Pkcs1私钥
/// ///
/// 从Pkcs8私钥中提取公钥
///
/// Pkcs8私钥
/// PEM操作
PEM格式密钥读取
public static string ReadPkcs1PrivateKey(string text)
{
if (!text.StartsWith("-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"))
{
return text;
}
using (var reader = new StringReader(text))
{
var pr = new PemReader(reader);
var keyPair = pr.ReadObject() as AsymmetricCipherKeyPair;
pr.Reader.Close();
var privateKeyInfo = PrivateKeyInfoFactory.CreatePrivateKeyInfo(keyPair?.Private);
return Base64.ToBase64String(privateKeyInfo.ParsePrivateKey().GetEncoded());
}
}
public static string ReadPkcs8PrivateKey(string text)
{
if (!text.StartsWith("-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----"))
{
return text;
}
using (var reader = new StringReader(text))
{
var pr = new PemReader(reader);
var akp = pr.ReadObject() as AsymmetricKeyParameter; ;
pr.Reader.Close();
return Base64.ToBase64String(PrivateKeyInfoFactory.CreatePrivateKeyInfo(akp).GetEncoded());
}
}
public static string ReadPublicKey(string text)
{
if (!text.StartsWith("-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----"))
{
return text;
}
using (var reader = new StringReader(text))
{
var pr = new PemReader(reader);
var keyPair = pr.ReadObject() as AsymmetricCipherKeyPair;
pr.Reader.Close();
var subjectPublicKeyInfo = SubjectPublicKeyInfoFactory.CreateSubjectPublicKeyInfo(keyPair?.Public);
returnBase64.ToBase64String(subjectPublicKeyIno.GetEncoded());
}
}
PEM格式密钥写入
public static string WritePkcs1PrivateKey(string privateKey)
{
if (privateKey.StartsWith("-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"))
{
return privateKey;
}
var akp = RSAUtilities.GetAsymmetricKeyParameterFormPrivateKey(privateKey);
using (var sw = new StringWriter())
{
var pWrt = new PemWriter(sw);
pWrt.WriteObject(akp);
pWrt.Writer.Close();
return sw.ToString();
}
}
public static string WritePkcs8PrivateKey(string privateKey)
{
if (privateKey.StartsWith("-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----"))
{
return privateKey;
}
var akp = RSAUtilities.GetAsymmetricKeyParameterFormAsn1PrivateKey(privateKey);
using (var sw = new StringWriter())
{
var pWrt = new PemWriter(sw);
var pkcs8 = new Pkcs8Generator(akp);
pWrt.WriteObject(pkcs8);
pWrt.Writer.Close();
return sw.ToString();
}
}
public static string WritePublicKey(string publicKey)
{
if (publicKey.StartsWith("-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----"))
{
return publicKey;
}
var akp = RSAUtilities.GetAsymmetricKeyParameterFormPublicKey(publicKey);
using (var sw = new StringWriter())
{
var pWrt = new PemWriter(sw);
pWrt.WriteObject(akp);
pWrt.Writer.Close();
return sw.ToString();
}
}
RSA加解密
获取非对称秘钥参数（AsymmetricKeyParameter）
///
/// -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
/// ...
/// -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
///
/// Pkcs1格式私钥
///
/// -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
/// ...
/// -----END PRIVATE KEY-----
///
/// Pkcs8格式私钥
///
/// -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
/// ...
/// -----END PUBLIC KEY-----
///
/// 公钥
/// RSA加解与解密
///
/// RSA加密
///
/// 未加密数据字节数组
/// 非对称密钥参数
/// 密文算法
/// 已加密数据字节数组
public static byte[] Encrypt(byte[] data, AsymmetricKeyParameter parameters, string algorithm)
{
if (data == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(data));
}
if (parameters == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(parameters));
}
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(algorithm))
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(algorithm));
}
var bufferedCipher = CipherUtilities.GetCipher(algorithm);
bufferedCipher.Init(true, parameters);
return bufferedCipher.DoFinal(data);
}
///
/// RSA解密
///
/// 已加密数据字节数组
/// 非对称密钥参数
/// 密文算法
/// 未加密数据字节数组
public static byte[] Decrypt(byte[] data, AsymmetricKeyParameter parameters, string algorithm)
{
if (data == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(data));
}
if (parameters == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(parameters));
}
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(algorithm))
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(algorithm));
}
var bufferedCipher = CipherUtilities.GetCipher(algorithm);
bufferedCipher.Init(false, parameters);
return bufferedCipher.DoFinal(data);
}
///
/// RSA加密——Base64
///
/// 未加密字符串
/// 非对称密钥参数
/// 密文算法
/// 已加密Base64字符串
public static string EncryptToBase64(string data, AsymmetricKeyParameter parameters, string algorithm)
{
return Base64.ToBase64String(Encrypt(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(data), parameters, algorithm));
}
///
/// RSA解密——Base64
///
/// 已加密Base64字符串
/// 非对称密钥参数
/// 密文算法
/// 未加密字符串
public static string DecryptFromBase64(string data, AsymmetricKeyParameter parameters, string algorithm)
{
return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(Decrypt(Base64.Decode(data), parameters, algorithm));
}
///
/// RSA加密——十六进制
///
/// 未加密字符串
/// 非对称密钥参数
/// 密文算法
/// 已加密十六进制字符串
public static string EncryptToHex(string data, AsymmetricKeyParameter parameters, string algorithm)
{
return Hex.ToHexString(Encrypt(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(data), parameters, algorithm));
}
///
/// RSA解密——十六进制
///
/// 已加密十六进制字符串
/// 非对称密钥参数
/// 密文算法
/// 未加密字符串
public static string DecryptFromHex(string data, AsymmetricKeyParameter parameters, string algorithm)
{
return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(Decrypt(Hex.Decode(data), parameters, algorithm));
}
RSA密文算法
public const string RSA_NONE_NoPadding = "RSA/NONE/NoPadding";
public const string RSA_NONE_PKCS1Padding = "RSA/NONE/PKCS1Padding";
public const string RSA_NONE_OAEPPadding = "RSA/NONE/OAEPPadding";
public const string RSA_NONE_OAEPWithSHA1AndMGF1Padding = "RSA/NONE/OAEPWithSHA1AndMGF1Padding";
public const string RSA_NONE_OAEPWithSHA224AndMGF1Padding = "RSA/NONE/OAEPWithSHA224AndMGF1Padding";
public const string RSA_NONE_OAEPWithSHA256AndMGF1Padding = "RSA/NONE/OAEPWithSHA256AndMGF1Padding";
public const string RSA_NONE_OAEPWithSHA384AndMGF1Padding = "RSA/NONE/OAEPWithSHA384AndMGF1Padding";
public const string RSA_NONE_OAEPWithMD5AndMGF1Padding = "RSA/NONE/OAEPWithMD5AndMGF1Padding";
public const string RSA_ECB_NoPadding = "RSA/ECB/NoPadding";
public const string RSA_ECB_PKCS1Padding = "RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding";
public const string RSA_ECB_OAEPPadding = "RSA/ECB/OAEPPadding";
public const string RSA_ECB_OAEPWithSHA1AndMGF1Padding = "RSA/ECB/OAEPWithSHA1AndMGF1Padding";
public const string RSA_ECB_OAEPWithSHA224AndMGF1Padding = "RSA/ECB/OAEPWithSHA224AndMGF1Padding";
public const string RSA_ECB_OAEPWithSHA256AndMGF1Padding = "RSA/ECB/OAEPWithSHA256AndMGF1Padding";
public const string RSA_ECB_OAEPWithSHA384AndMGF1Padding = "RSA/ECB/OAEPWithSHA384AndMGF1Padding";
public const string RSA_ECB_OAEPWithMD5AndMGF1Padding = "RSA/ECB/OAEPWithMD5AndMGF1Padding";
......
编码算法
大家要明白，不管是对称算法还是非对称算法，其输入与输出均是字节数组，通常我们要结合编码算法对加密之后或解密之前的数据，进行编码操作。
BouncyCastle提供的Base64编码算法
namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.Encoders
{
public sealed class Base64
{
//
public static byte[] Decode(byte[] data);
//
public static byte[] Decode(string data);
//
public static int Decode(string data, Stream outStream);
//
public static byte[] Encode(byte[] data);
//
public static byte[] Encode(byte[] data, int off, int length);
//
public static int Encode(byte[] data, Stream outStream);
//
public static int Encode(byte[] data, int off, int length, Stream outStream);
public static string ToBase64String(byte[] data);
public static string ToBase64String(byte[] data, int off, int length);
}
}
BouncyCastle提供的Hex十六进制编码算法
namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.Encoders
{
//
// 摘要:
// Class to decode and encode Hex.
public sealed class Hex
{
//
public static byte[] Decode(byte[] data);
//
public static byte[] Decode(string data);
//
public static int Decode(string data, Stream outStream);
//
public static byte[] Encode(byte[] data);
//
public static byte[] Encode(byte[] data, int off, int length);
//
public static int Encode(byte[] data, Stream outStream);
//
public static int Encode(byte[] data, int off, int length, Stream outStream);
public static string ToHexString(byte[] data);
public static string ToHexString(byte[] data, int off, int length);
}
}
RSA加解密示例
private static void RSA_ECB_PKCS1Padding()
{
var data = "hello rsa";
Console.WriteLine($"加密原文：{data}");
// rsa pkcs8 private key encrypt
//algorithm rsa/ecb/pkcs1padding
var pkcs8data = RSA.EncryptToBase64(data, RSAUtilities.GetAsymmetricKeyParameterFormAsn1PrivateKey(pkcs8_1024_private_key),CipherAlgorithms.RSA_ECB_PKCS1Padding);
Console.WriteLine("密钥格式：pkcs8，密文算法：rsa/ecb/pkcs1padding，加密结果");
Console.WriteLine(pkcs8data);
//rsa pkcs1 private key encrypt
//algorithm rsa/ecb/pkcs1padding
var pkcs1data = RSA.EncryptToBase64(data, RSAUtilities.GetAsymmetricKeyParameterFormPrivateKey(pkcs1_1024_private_key),CipherAlgorithms.RSA_ECB_PKCS1Padding);
Console.WriteLine($"密钥格式：pkcs1，密文算法：rsa/ecb/pkcs1padding");
Console.WriteLine(pkcs1data);
Console.WriteLine($"加密结果比对是否一致：{pkcs8data.Equals(pkcs1data)}");
var _1024_public_key = RSAKeyConverter.GetPublicKeyFromPrivateKeyPkcs1(pkcs1_1024_private_key);
Console.WriteLine($"从pkcs1私钥中提取公钥：");
Console.WriteLine(_1024_public_key);
Console.WriteLine("使用公钥解密数据：");
//rsa public key decrypt
//algorithm rsa/ecb/pkcs1padding
Console.WriteLine(RSA.DecryptFromBase64(pkcs1data, RSAUtilities.GetAsymmetricKeyParameterFormPublicKey(_1024_public_key),CipherAlgorithms.RSA_ECB_PKCS1Padding));
Console.WriteLine();
}
下期预告
下一篇将介绍哈希算法（HMACSHA1、HMACSHA256、SHA1、SHA1WithRSA、SHA256、SHA256WithRSA），敬请期待...
