OpenGL-着色器
OpenGL-着色器
- 定义
- GLSL
- 典型结构
- 数据类型
- 输入与输出
- Uniform
- 多属性着色器
- 自定义着色器类
定义
着色器(Shader)是运行在GPU上的小程序。这些小程序为图形渲染管线的某个特定部分而运行。从基本意义上来说，着色器只是一种把输入转化为输出的程序。着色器也是一种非常独立的程序，因为它们之间不能相互通信；它们之间唯一的沟通只有通过输入和输出。
GLSL
典型结构
#version version_number
in type in_variable_name;
in type in_variable_name;
out type out_variable_name;
uniform type uniform_name;
int main()
{
// 处理输入并进行一些图形操作
...
// 输出处理过的结果到输出变量
out_variable_name = weird_stuff_we_processed;
}
数据类型
向量、矩阵
类型 含义
vecn 包含n个float分量的默认向量
bvecn 包含n个bool分量的向量
ivecn 包含n个int分量的向量
uvecn 包含n个unsigned int分量的向量
dvecn 包含n个double分量的向量
输入与输出
。GLSL定义了in和out关键字专门来实现这个目的。每个着色器使用这两个关键字设定输入和输出，只要一个输出变量与下一个着色器阶段的输入匹配，它就会传递下去。
如果我们打算从一个着色器向另一个着色器发送数据，我们必须在发送方着色器中声明一个输出，在接收方着色器中声明一个类似的输入。当类型和名字都一样的时候，OpenGL就会把两个变量链接到一起，它们之间就能发送数据了（这是在链接程序对象时完成的）
Uniform
Uniform 是一种 从CPU中的应用向GPU中的着色器发送数据的方式 ，但uniform和顶点属性有些不同。首先，uniform是 全局的(Global)。全局意味着uniform变量必须在每个着色器程序对象中都是独一无二的，而且它可以被着色器程序的任意着色器在任意阶段访问。第二，无论你把uniform值设置成什么，uniform会一直保存它们的数据，直到它们被重置或更新。
** 设置属性 **
int vertexColorLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "ourColor");
glUniform4f(vertexColorLocation, 0.0f, greenValue, 0.0f, 1.0f);
多属性着色器
float vertices[] = {
// 位置 // 颜色
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // 右下
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, // 左下
0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f // 顶部
};
#version 330 core
out vec4 FragColor;
in vec3 ourColor;
void main()
{
FragColor = vec4(ourColor, 1.0);
}
// 绑定属性
// 位置属性
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
// 颜色属性
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3* sizeof(float)));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
自定义着色器类
#ifndef SHADER_H
#define SHADER_H
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
class Shader
{
public:
unsigned int ID;
// constructor generates the shader on the fly
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shader(const char* vertexPath, const char* fragmentPath, const char* geometryPath = nullptr)
{
// 1. retrieve the vertex/fragment source code from filePath
std::string vertexCode;
std::string fragmentCode;
std::string geometryCode;
std::ifstream vShaderFile;
std::ifstream fShaderFile;
std::ifstream gShaderFile;
// ensure ifstream objects can throw exceptions:
vShaderFile.exceptions (std::ifstream::failbit | std::ifstream::badbit);
fShaderFile.exceptions (std::ifstream::failbit | std::ifstream::badbit);
gShaderFile.exceptions (std::ifstream::failbit | std::ifstream::badbit);
try
{
// open files
vShaderFile.open(vertexPath);
fShaderFile.open(fragmentPath);
std::stringstream vShaderStream, fShaderStream;
// read file's buffer contents into streams
vShaderStream << vShaderFile.rdbuf();
fShaderStream << fShaderFile.rdbuf();
// close file handlers
vShaderFile.close();
fShaderFile.close();
// convert stream into string
vertexCode = vShaderStream.str();
fragmentCode = fShaderStream.str();
// if geometry shader path is present, also load a geometry shader
if(geometryPath != nullptr)
{
gShaderFile.open(geometryPath);
std::stringstream gShaderStream;
gShaderStream << gShaderFile.rdbuf();
gShaderFile.close();
geometryCode = gShaderStream.str();
}
}
catch (std::ifstream::failure e)
{
std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::FILE_NOT_SUCCESFULLY_READ" << std::endl;
}
const char* vShaderCode = vertexCode.c_str();
const char * fShaderCode = fragmentCode.c_str();
// 2. compile shaders
unsigned int vertex, fragment;
// vertex shader
vertex = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
glShaderSource(vertex, 1, &vShaderCode, NULL);
glCompileShader(vertex);
checkCompileErrors(vertex, "VERTEX");
// fragment Shader
fragment = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
glShaderSource(fragment, 1, &fShaderCode, NULL);
glCompileShader(fragment);
checkCompileErrors(fragment, "FRAGMENT");
// if geometry shader is given, compile geometry shader
unsigned int geometry;
if(geometryPath != nullptr)
{
const char * gShaderCode = geometryCode.c_str();
geometry = glCreateShader(GL_GEOMETRY_SHADER);
glShaderSource(geometry, 1, &gShaderCode, NULL);
glCompileShader(geometry);
checkCompileErrors(geometry, "GEOMETRY");
}
// shader Program
ID = glCreateProgram();
glAttachShader(ID, vertex);
glAttachShader(ID, fragment);
if(geometryPath != nullptr)
glAttachShader(ID, geometry);
glLinkProgram(ID);
checkCompileErrors(ID, "PROGRAM");
// delete the shaders as they're linked into our program now and no longer necessery
glDeleteShader(vertex);
glDeleteShader(fragment);
if(geometryPath != nullptr)
glDeleteShader(geometry);
}
// activate the shader
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
void use()
{
glUseProgram(ID);
}
// utility uniform functions
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
void setBool(const std::string &name, bool value) const
{
glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), (int)value);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
void setInt(const std::string &name, int value) const
{
glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), value);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
void setFloat(const std::string &name, float value) const
{
glUniform1f(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), value);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
void setVec2(const std::string &name, const glm::vec2 &value) const
{
glUniform2fv(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), 1, &value[0]);
}
void setVec2(const std::string &name, float x, float y) const
{
glUniform2f(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), x, y);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
void setVec3(const std::string &name, const glm::vec3 &value) const
{
glUniform3fv(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), 1, &value[0]);
}
void setVec3(const std::string &name, float x, float y, float z) const
{
glUniform3f(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), x, y, z);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
void setVec4(const std::string &name, const glm::vec4 &value) const
{
glUniform4fv(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), 1, &value[0]);
}
void setVec4(const std::string &name, float x, float y, float z, float w)
{
glUniform4f(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), x, y, z, w);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
void setMat2(const std::string &name, const glm::mat2 &mat) const
{
glUniformMatrix2fv(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), 1, GL_FALSE, &mat[0][0]);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
void setMat3(const std::string &name, const glm::mat3 &mat) const
{
glUniformMatrix3fv(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), 1, GL_FALSE, &mat[0][0]);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
void setMat4(const std::string &name, const glm::mat4 &mat) const
{
glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), 1, GL_FALSE, &mat[0][0]);
}
private:
// utility function for checking shader compilation/linking errors.
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
void checkCompileErrors(GLuint shader, std::string type)
{
GLint success;
GLchar infoLog[1024];
if(type != "PROGRAM")
{
glGetShaderiv(shader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
if(!success)
{
glGetShaderInfoLog(shader, 1024, NULL, infoLog);
std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER_COMPILATION_ERROR of type: " << type << "\n" << infoLog << "\n -- --------------------------------------------------- -- " << std::endl;
}
}
else
{
glGetProgramiv(shader, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
if(!success)
{
glGetProgramInfoLog(shader, 1024, NULL, infoLog);
std::cout << "ERROR::PROGRAM_LINKING_ERROR of type: " << type << "\n" << infoLog << "\n -- --------------------------------------------------- -- " << std::endl;
}
}
}
};
#endif