『Leetcode 5266』推箱子

『题目』:

 给「推箱子」是一款风靡全球的益智小游戏,玩家需要将箱子推到仓库中的目标位置。
游戏地图用大小为 n * m 的网格 grid 表示,其中每个元素可以是墙、地板或者是箱子。
现在你将作为玩家参与游戏,按规则将箱子 'B' 移动到目标位置 'T'

  • 玩家用字符 'S' 表示,只要他在地板上,就可以在网格中向上、下、左、右四个方向移动。
  • 地板用字符 '.' 表示,意味着可以自由行走。
  • 墙用字符 '#' 表示,意味着障碍物,不能通行。
  • 箱子仅有一个,用字符 'B' 表示。相应地,网格上有一个目标位置 'T'
  • 玩家需要站在箱子旁边,然后沿着箱子的方向进行移动,此时箱子会被移动到相邻的地板单元格。记作一次「推动」。
  • 玩家无法越过箱子。

返回将箱子推到目标位置的最小 推动 次数,如果无法做到,请返回 -1。

『限制条件』:

1 <= grid.length <= 20
1 <= grid[i].length <= 20
grid仅包含字符 '.', '#', 'S' , 'T', 以及 'B'
grid'S','B''T' 各只能出现一个。

『输入输出』

输入:grid = [["#","#","#","#","#","#"],
             ["#","T","#","#","#","#"],
             ["#",".",".","B",".","#"],
             ["#",".","#","#",".","#"],
             ["#",".",".",".","S","#"],
             ["#","#","#","#","#","#"]]
输出:3
解释:我们只需要返回推箱子的次数。

输入:grid = [["#","#","#","#","#","#"],
             ["#","T","#","#","#","#"],
             ["#",".",".","B",".","#"],
             ["#","#","#","#",".","#"],
             ["#",".",".",".","S","#"],
             ["#","#","#","#","#","#"]]
输出:-1

输入:grid = [["#","#","#","#","#","#"],
             ["#","T",".",".","#","#"],
             ["#",".","#","B",".","#"],
             ["#",".",".",".",".","#"],
             ["#",".",".",".","S","#"],
             ["#","#","#","#","#","#"]]
输出:5
解释:向下、向左、向左、向上再向上。

输入:grid = [["#","#","#","#","#","#","#"],
             ["#","S","#",".","B","T","#"],
             ["#","#","#","#","#","#","#"]]
输出:-1

『题解』:

两次bfs,首先假设可以推动1次,那么block可以

  • 向左(人要在block右边)
  • 向右(人要在block左边)
  • 向上(人要在block下边)
  • 向下(人要在block上边)

那么第一个bfs就要知道人可不可以到达block移动时所要求的位置,这个bfs完全可以随机遍历,复杂度O( n m nm nm),要注意block#的位置都不可以走过去。
那么第二个bfs要考虑的问题就是移动block,这里不能用二维标记来记录block走过的路,要注意下面一种情况:
『Leetcode 5266』推箱子_第1张图片
这里的解决方案是先将block左移一次,然后人再从K的位置走出去,再把箱子移回到K,然后走到S‘才能把block推到T位置上。可是这个过程K位置访问过2次,所以标记状态的时候,需要四维数组记录最后人的状态,这样就可以重复地进入K了。复杂度为O( n 2 m 2 n^2m^2 n2m2)。总复杂度最大为O( n 3 m 3 n^3m^3 n3m3) 约等于6400W次操作,刚好符合程序运行要求。

『实现』:

import java.time.Period;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Queue;

public class test11 {

    // 上,下,左,右
    int[] bdx = {-1, 1, 0, 0};
    int[] bdy = {0, 0, -1, 1};
    int[] pdx = {1, -1, 0, 0};
    int[] pdy = {0, 0, 1, -1};

    class Point {
        int bx,by;
        int px,py;
        int step;

        public Point(int bx, int by, int px, int py, int step) {
            this.bx = bx;
            this.by = by;
            this.px = px;
            this.py = py;
            this.step = step;
        }
    }

    class Person
    {
        int px,py;
        public Person(int px, int py) {
            this.px = px;
            this.py = py;
        }
    }



    Point pos;
    int ans;

    public boolean bfsP(char[][] grid, int n, int m,int px,int py,int targetx, int targety,int bx,int by) {

        boolean[][] flag = new boolean[n][m];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
                flag[i][j] = false;
            }
        }

        Queue<Person> queue = new LinkedList<>();
        queue.offer(new Person(px,py));
        flag[px][py] = true;

        while (!queue.isEmpty())
        {
            Person tmp = queue.poll();
            if(tmp.px == targetx && tmp.py == targety) return true;
            if(tmp.px == bx && tmp.py == by) continue;

            for(int i = 0;i < 4;i++)
            {
                int ptmpx = tmp.px + pdx[i];
                int ptmpy = tmp.py + pdy[i];

                if(check(ptmpx,ptmpy,n,m,grid) && flag[ptmpx][ptmpy] == false)
                {
                    flag[ptmpx][ptmpy] = true;
                    queue.offer(new Person(ptmpx,ptmpy));
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    }


    public void bfsB(char[][] grid, int n, int m) {

        boolean[][][][] flag = new boolean[n][m][n][m];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            for (int j = 0; j < m; j++)
                for(int ii = 0;ii < n;ii++)
                    for(int jj = 0;jj < m;jj++)
                        flag[i][j][ii][jj] = false;


        Queue<Point> queue = new LinkedList<>();
        queue.offer(pos);

        flag[pos.bx][pos.by][pos.px][pos.py] = true;

        while (!queue.isEmpty())
        {
            Point tmp = queue.poll();
            if(grid[tmp.bx][tmp.by] == 'T')
            {
                ans = tmp.step;
                return;
            }

            for(int i = 0;i < 4;i++)
            {
                int btmpx = tmp.bx + bdx[i];
                int btmpy = tmp.by + bdy[i];

                int ptmpx = tmp.bx + pdx[i];
                int ptmpy = tmp.by + pdy[i];

                if(check(btmpx,btmpy,n,m,grid) && check(ptmpx,ptmpy,n,m,grid) && flag[btmpx][btmpy][ptmpx][ptmpy] == false)
                {
                    if(bfsP(grid,n,m,tmp.px,tmp.py,ptmpx,ptmpy,tmp.bx,tmp.by))
                    {
                        flag[btmpx][btmpy][ptmpx][ptmpy] = true;
                        queue.offer(new Point(btmpx,btmpy,tmp.bx,tmp.by,tmp.step + 1));
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public boolean check(int x,int y,int n,int m,char[][] grid)
    {
        if(x < 0 || x >= n || y < 0 || y >= m || grid[x][y] == '#')
            return false;
        return true;
    }

    public int minPushBox(char[][] grid) {

        int n = grid.length;
        int m = grid[0].length;
        ans = -1;

        int bx=0,by=0,px=0,py=0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        {
            for (int j = 0; j < m; j++)
            {
                if (grid[i][j] == 'B')
                {
                    bx = i;
                    by = j;
                }
                else if (grid[i][j] == 'S')
                {
                    px = i;
                    py = j;
                }
            }
        }

        pos = new Point(bx,by,px,py,0);
        bfsB(grid, n, m);
        return ans;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

       char[][] grid = {{'#','.','.','#','T','#','#','#','#'},
                        {'#','.','.','#','.','#','.','.','#'},
                        {'#','.','.','#','.','#','B','.','#'},
                        {'#','.','.','.','.','.','.','.','#'},
                        {'#','.','.','.','.','#','.','S','#'},
                        {'#','.','.','#','.','#','#','#','#'}};

       test11 of = new test11();

        System.out.println(of.minPushBox(grid));
    }
}

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