基础篇

Linux学习

一、LVM讲解
二、磁盘故障小案例

一、LVM讲解

  • LVM有一定的局限性;数据恢复困难

  • 物理分区==>物理卷==>卷组==>逻辑卷

  • 准备磁盘分区

  1. fdisk /dev/sdb
  2. n创建三个新分区,分别1G
  3. t改变分区类型为8e
  • 操作


    1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# fdisk -l
    2. 磁盘 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节,20971520 个扇区
    3. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    4. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
    5. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
    6. 磁盘 /dev/sda:32.2 GB, 32212254720 字节,62914560 个扇区
    7. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    8. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
    9. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
    10. 磁盘标签类型:dos
    11. 磁盘标识符:0x000ee6f4
    12.    设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    13. /dev/sda1   *        2048      411647      204800   83  Linux
    14. /dev/sda2          411648    62914559    31251456   8e  Linux LVM
    15. 磁盘 /dev/mapper/cl-root:29.9 GB, 29850861568 字节,58302464 个扇区
    16. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    17. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
    18. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
    19. 磁盘 /dev/mapper/cl-swap:2147 MB, 2147483648 字节,4194304 个扇区
    20. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    21. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
    22. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
    23. [root@centos7-01 ~]#
    24. [root@centos7-01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
    25. 欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。
    26. 更改将停留在内存中,直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。
    27. 使用写入命令前请三思。
    28. Device does not contain a recognized partition table
    29. 使用磁盘标识符 0xc29f4c6d 创建新的 DOS 磁盘标签。
    30. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):p
    31. 磁盘 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节,20971520 个扇区
    32. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    33. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
    34. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
    35. 磁盘标签类型:dos
    36. 磁盘标识符:0xc29f4c6d
    37.    设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    38. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):m
    39. 命令操作
    40.    a   toggle a bootable flag
    41.    b   edit bsd disklabel
    42.    c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
    43.    d   delete a partition
    44.    g   create a new empty GPT partition table
    45.    G   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
    46.    l   list known partition types
    47.    m   print this menu
    48.    n   add a new partition
    49.    o   create a new empty DOS partition table
    50.    p   print the partition table
    51.    q   quit without saving changes
    52.    s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
    53.    t   change a partition's system id
    54.    u   change display/entry units
    55.    v   verify the partition table
    56.    w   write table to disk and exit
    57.    x   extra functionality (experts only)
    58. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):p
    59. 磁盘 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节,20971520 个扇区
    60. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    61. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
    62. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
    63. 磁盘标签类型:dos
    64. 磁盘标识符:0xc29f4c6d
    65.    设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    66. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):n
    67. Partition type:
    68.    p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
    69.    e   extended
    70. Select (default p): p
    71. 分区号 (1-4,默认 1):
    72. 起始 扇区 (2048-20971519,默认为 2048):
    73. 将使用默认值 2048
    74. Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519,默认为 20971519):+1G
    75. 分区 1 已设置为 Linux 类型,大小设为 1 GiB
    76. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):t
    77. 已选择分区 1
    78. Hex 代码(输入 L 列出所有代码):8e
    79. 已将分区“Linux”的类型更改为“Linux LVM”
    80. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):p
    81. 磁盘 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节,20971520 个扇区
    82. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    83. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
    84. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
    85. 磁盘标签类型:dos
    86. 磁盘标识符:0xc29f4c6d
    87.    设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    88. /dev/sdb1            2048     2099199     1048576   8e  Linux LVM
    89. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):n
    90. Partition type:
    91.    p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
    92.    e   extended
    93. Select (default p): p
    94. 分区号 (2-4,默认 2):
    95. 起始 扇区 (2099200-20971519,默认为 2099200):
    96. 将使用默认值 2099200
    97. Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (2099200-20971519,默认为 20971519):+1G
    98. 分区 2 已设置为 Linux 类型,大小设为 1 GiB
    99. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):t
    100. 分区号 (1,2,默认 2):8e
    101. 分区号 (1,2,默认 2):2
    102. Hex 代码(输入 L 列出所有代码):8e   
    103. 已将分区“Linux”的类型更改为“Linux LVM”
    104. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):p
    105. 磁盘 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节,20971520 个扇区
    106. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    107. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
    108. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
    109. 磁盘标签类型:dos
    110. 磁盘标识符:0xc29f4c6d
    111.    设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    112. /dev/sdb1            2048     2099199     1048576   8e  Linux LVM
    113. /dev/sdb2         2099200     4196351     1048576   8e  Linux LVM
    114. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):n
    115. Partition type:
    116.    p   primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
    117.    e   extended
    118. Select (default p): p
    119. 分区号 (3,4,默认 3):
    120. 起始 扇区 (4196352-20971519,默认为 4196352):
    121. 将使用默认值 4196352
    122. Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (4196352-20971519,默认为 20971519):+1G
    123. 分区 3 已设置为 Linux 类型,大小设为 1 GiB
    124. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):t
    125. 分区号 (1-3,默认 3):3
    126. Hex 代码(输入 L 列出所有代码):8e
    127. 已将分区“Linux”的类型更改为“Linux LVM”
    128. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):p   
    129. 磁盘 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节,20971520 个扇区
    130. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    131. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
    132. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
    133. 磁盘标签类型:dos
    134. 磁盘标识符:0xc29f4c6d
    135.    设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    136. /dev/sdb1            2048     2099199     1048576   8e  Linux LVM
    137. /dev/sdb2         2099200     4196351     1048576   8e  Linux LVM
    138. /dev/sdb3         4196352     6293503     1048576   8e  Linux LVM
    139. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):p
    140. 磁盘 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节,20971520 个扇区
    141. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    142. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
    143. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
    144. 磁盘标签类型:dos
    145. 磁盘标识符:0xc29f4c6d
    146.    设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    147. /dev/sdb1            2048     2099199     1048576   8e  Linux LVM
    148. /dev/sdb2         2099200     4196351     1048576   8e  Linux LVM
    149. /dev/sdb3         4196352     6293503     1048576   8e  Linux LVM
    150. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):w
    151. The partition table has been altered!
    152. Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    153. WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 设备或资源忙.
    154. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
    155. the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
    156. 正在同步磁盘。
    157. [root@centos7-01 ~]# fdisk -l
    158. 磁盘 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节,20971520 个扇区
    159. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    160. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
    161. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
    162. 磁盘标签类型:dos
    163. 磁盘标识符:0xc29f4c6d
    164.    设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    165. /dev/sdb1            2048     2099199     1048576   8e  Linux LVM
    166. /dev/sdb2         2099200     4196351     1048576   8e  Linux LVM
    167. /dev/sdb3         4196352     6293503     1048576   8e  Linux LVM
    168. 磁盘 /dev/sda:32.2 GB, 32212254720 字节,62914560 个扇区
    169. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    170. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
    171. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
    172. 磁盘标签类型:dos
    173. 磁盘标识符:0x000ee6f4
    174.    设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    175. /dev/sda1   *        2048      411647      204800   83  Linux
    176. /dev/sda2          411648    62914559    31251456   8e  Linux LVM
    177. 磁盘 /dev/mapper/cl-root:29.9 GB, 29850861568 字节,58302464 个扇区
    178. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    179. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
    180. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
    181. 磁盘 /dev/mapper/cl-swap:2147 MB, 2147483648 字节,4194304 个扇区
    182. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    183. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
    184. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节


  • 准备物理卷
  • pvcreate,pvcreate /dev/sdb1报错,需要运行partprobe即可

    1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
    2.   Device /dev/sdb1 not found (or ignored by filtering)



    1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
    2.   Device /dev/sdb1 not found (or ignored by filtering).
    3. [root@centos7-01 ~]# partprobe
    4. [root@centos7-01 ~]# ls /dev/sdb1
    5. /dev/sdb1


  • 再pvcreate /dev/sdb1报错,因为sdb已经挂载,需要卸载
  • 完成之后运行pvs或者pvdisplay都可以查看

    1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
    2.   Can't open /dev/sdb1 exclusively.  Mounted filesystem?
    3. [root@centos7-01 ~]# umount /mnt/
    4. [root@centos7-01 ~]# !p
    5. pvcreate /dev/sdb1
    6. WARNING: ext4 signature detected on /dev/sdb1 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
    7.   Wiping ext4 signature on /dev/sdb1.
    8.   Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
    9. [root@centos7-01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb2
    10.   Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created.
    11. [root@centos7-01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb3
    12.   Physical volume "/dev/sdb3" successfully created.
    13. [root@centos7-01 ~]# pvs
    14.   PV         VG Fmt  Attr PSize  PFree
    15.   /dev/sda2  cl lvm2 a--  29.80g    0
    16.   /dev/sdb1     lvm2 ---   1.00g 1.00g
    17.   /dev/sdb2     lvm2 ---   1.00g 1.00g
    18.   /dev/sdb3     lvm2 ---   1.00g 1.00g
    19. [root@centos7-01 ~]# pvdisplay
    20.   --- Physical volume ---
    21.   PV Name               /dev/sda2
    22.   VG Name               cl
    23.   PV Size               29.80 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
    24.   Allocatable           yes (but full)
    25.   PE Size               4.00 MiB
    26.   Total PE              7629
    27.   Free PE               0
    28.   Allocated PE          7629
    29.   PV UUID               Rpf1Lw-oScG-iE7T-Y3S1-nGUD-UK17-s6kDL4
    30.    
    31.   "/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "1.00 GiB"
    32.   --- NEW Physical volume ---
    33.   PV Name               /dev/sdb1
    34.   VG Name               
    35.   PV Size               1.00 GiB
    36.   Allocatable           NO
    37.   PE Size               0   
    38.   Total PE              0
    39.   Free PE               0
    40.   Allocated PE          0
    41.   PV UUID               YnoAOr-1fRJ-iS4Q-tvXq-T61M-RKky-r1kx4O
    42.    
    43.   "/dev/sdb3" is a new physical volume of "1.00 GiB"
    44.   --- NEW Physical volume ---
    45.   PV Name               /dev/sdb3
    46.   VG Name               
    47.   PV Size               1.00 GiB
    48.   Allocatable           NO
    49.   PE Size               0   
    50.   Total PE              0
    51.   Free PE               0
    52.   Allocated PE          0
    53.   PV UUID               f6dIQj-OckU-6xlW-2Sgu-zOKt-uer1-HtRCxb
    54.    
    55.   "/dev/sdb2" is a new physical volume of "1.00 GiB"
    56.   --- NEW Physical volume ---
    57.   PV Name               /dev/sdb2
    58.   VG Name               
    59.   PV Size               1.00 GiB
    60.   Allocatable           NO
    61.   PE Size               0   
    62.   Total PE              0
    63.   Free PE               0
    64.   Allocated PE          0
    65.   PV UUID               TI7uxv-Evmj-usxp-NorV-92jm-M03k-JAPcY0


  • 创建卷组,查看物理卷命令:pvs或者pvdisplay
  • 创建物理卷:vgcreate vg1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2

    1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# vgcreate vg1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2
    2.   Volume group "vg1" successfully created
    3. [root@centos7-01 ~]# vgs
    4.   VG  #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize  VFree
    5.   cl    1   2   0 wz--n- 29.80g    0
    6.   vg1   2   0   0 wz--n-  1.99g 1.99g
    7. [root@centos7-01 ~]# vgdisplay
    8.   --- Volume group ---
    9.   VG Name               vg1
    10.   System ID             
    11.   Format                lvm2
    12.   Metadata Areas        2
    13.   Metadata Sequence No  1
    14.   VG Access             read/write
    15.   VG Status             resizable
    16.   MAX LV                0
    17.   Cur LV                0
    18.   Open LV               0
    19.   Max PV                0
    20.   Cur PV                2
    21.   Act PV                2
    22.   VG Size               1.99 GiB
    23.   PE Size               4.00 MiB
    24.   Total PE              510
    25.   Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0   
    26.   Free  PE / Size       510 / 1.99 GiB
    27.   VG UUID               g7uLO2-oGi2-a8KL-SUlh-ifA2-XbwZ-Kay33W
    28.    
    29.   --- Volume group ---
    30.   VG Name               cl
    31.   System ID             
    32.   Format                lvm2
    33.   Metadata Areas        1
    34.   Metadata Sequence No  3
    35.   VG Access             read/write
    36.   VG Status             resizable
    37.   MAX LV                0
    38.   Cur LV                2
    39.   Open LV               2
    40.   Max PV                0
    41.   Cur PV                1
    42.   Act PV                1
    43.   VG Size               29.80 GiB
    44.   PE Size               4.00 MiB
    45.   Total PE              7629
    46.   Alloc PE / Size       7629 / 29.80 GiB
    47.   Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
    48.   VG UUID               XI5UeN-2odJ-QNE2-I1lw-ymDK-ECG2-fesvl2


  • vgremove删除卷组命令
  • 创建逻辑卷 lvcreate -L 100M -n lv1 vg1,参数-L指定大小,-n命名;
  • lvs或者lvdisplay查看

    1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# lvcreate -L 100M -n admin vg1
    2.   Logical volume "admin" created.
    3. [root@centos7-01 ~]# lvs
    4.   LV     VG  Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
    5.   root   cl  -wi-ao----  27.80g                                                    
    6.   swap   cl  -wi-ao----   2.00g                                                    
    7.   admin vg1 -wi-a----- 100.00m                                                    
    8. [root@centos7-01 ~]# lvdisplay
    9.   --- Logical volume ---
    10.   LV Path                /dev/vg1/admin
    11.   LV Name                admin
    12.   VG Name                vg1
    13.   LV UUID                dksWSS-xFrp-NNGU-xCrd-FnN0-n0op-0gySKr
    14.   LV Write Access        read/write
    15.   LV Creation host, time centos7-01, 2017-11-07 09:07:16 +0800
    16.   LV Status              available
    17.   # open                 0
    18.   LV Size                100.00 MiB
    19.   Current LE             25
    20.   Segments               1
    21.   Allocation             inherit
    22.   Read ahead sectors     auto
    23.   - currently set to     8192
    24.   Block device           253:2
    25.    
    26.   --- Logical volume ---
    27.   LV Path                /dev/cl/swap
    28.   LV Name                swap
    29.   VG Name                cl
    30.   LV UUID                fpBmdc-ZTaT-RIH7-4QcF-0K1T-P4SA-nLAXDs
    31.   LV Write Access        read/write
    32.   LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2017-10-16 22:44:36 +0800
    33.   LV Status              available
    34.   # open                 2
    35.   LV Size                2.00 GiB
    36.   Current LE             512
    37.   Segments               1
    38.   Allocation             inherit
    39.   Read ahead sectors     auto
    40.   - currently set to     8192
    41.   Block device           253:1
    42.    
    43.   --- Logical volume ---
    44.   LV Path                /dev/cl/root
    45.   LV Name                root
    46.   VG Name                cl
    47.   LV UUID                pGdTnm-3Hgq-6Efq-zosa-2gK5-wsmA-6m2AvO
    48.   LV Write Access        read/write
    49.   LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2017-10-16 22:44:36 +0800
    50.   LV Status              available
    51.   # open                 1
    52.   LV Size                27.80 GiB
    53.   Current LE             7117
    54.   Segments               1
    55.   Allocation             inherit
    56.   Read ahead sectors     auto
    57.   - currently set to     8192
    58.   Block device           253:0


  • 格式化mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg1/admin

    1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg1/admin
    2. mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
    3. 文件系统标签=
    4. OS type: Linux
    5. 块大小=1024 (log=0)
    6. 分块大小=1024 (log=0)
    7. Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
    8. 25688 inodes, 102400 blocks
    9. 5120 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    10. 第一个数据块=1
    11. Maximum filesystem blocks=33685504
    12. 13 block groups
    13. 8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    14. 1976 inodes per group
    15. Superblock backups stored on blocks:
    16.     8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729
    17. Allocating group tables: 完成                            
    18. 正在写入inode表: 完成                            
    19. Creating journal (4096 blocks): 完成
    20. Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成


  • 挂载到mnt下,mount /dev/vg1/admin /mnt/

    1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# mount /dev/vg1/admin /mnt/
    2. [root@centos7-01 ~]# df -h
    3. 文件系统                容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
    4. /dev/mapper/cl-root      28G  1.2G   27G    5% /
    5. devtmpfs                478M     0  478M    0% /dev
    6. tmpfs                   489M     0  489M    0% /dev/shm
    7. tmpfs                   489M  6.8M  482M    2% /run
    8. tmpfs                   489M     0  489M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
    9. /dev/sda1               197M  117M   81M   60% /boot
    10. tmpfs                    98M     0   98M    0% /run/user/0
    11. /dev/mapper/vg1-admin   93M  1.6M   85M    2% /mnt
    12. [root@centos7-01 ~]# ls -l /dev/vg1/admin
    13. lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 11月  7 09:09 /dev/vg1/liyang -> ../dm-2


  • 扩容逻辑卷,先umount /mnt/
  • 执行lvresize -L 200M /dev/vg1/admin
  • 检测磁盘错误:e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/admin
  • 更新逻辑卷信息:resize2fs /dev/vg1/lv1
  • 再挂载到mnt下
  • 以上操作都是针对ext4

    1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# umount /mnt/
    2. [root@centos7-01 ~]# lvresize -L 200M /dev/vg1/admin
    3.   Size of logical volume vg1/admin changed from 100.00 MiB (25 extents) to 200.00 MiB (50 extents).
    4.   Logical volume vg1/admin successfully resized.
    5. [root@centos7-01 ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/admin
    6. e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
    7. 第一步: 检查inode,块,和大小
    8. 第二步: 检查目录结构
    9. 第3步: 检查目录连接性
    10. Pass 4: Checking reference counts
    11. 第5步: 检查簇概要信息
    12. /dev/vg1/admin: 13/25688 files (7.7% non-contiguous), 8899/102400 blocks
    13. [root@centos7-01 ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg1/admin
    14. resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
    15. Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vg1/admin to 204800 (1k) blocks.
    16. The filesystem on /dev/vg1/admin is now 204800 blocks long.
    17. [root@centos7-01 ~]# mount /dev/vg1/admin /mnt/
    18. [root@centos7-01 ~]# df -h
    19. 文件系统                容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
    20. /dev/mapper/cl-root      28G  1.2G   27G    5% /
    21. devtmpfs                478M     0  478M    0% /dev
    22. tmpfs                   489M     0  489M    0% /dev/shm
    23. tmpfs                   489M  6.8M  482M    2% /run
    24. tmpfs                   489M     0  489M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
    25. /dev/sda1               197M  117M   81M   60% /boot
    26. tmpfs                    98M     0   98M    0% /run/user/0
    27. /dev/mapper/vg1-admin  190M  1.6M  175M    1% /mnt


  • 缩容逻辑卷(此方法xfs不支持)
  • 先umount
  • e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/admin检查磁盘错误(ext)
  • resize2fs /dev/vg1/admin 100M更新逻辑卷信息(ext)
  • resize -L 100M /dev/vg1/lv1重新设置卷大小

    1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/admin
    2. e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
    3. 第一步: 检查inode,块,和大小
    4. 第二步: 检查目录结构
    5. 第3步: 检查目录连接性
    6. Pass 4: Checking reference counts
    7. 第5步: 检查簇概要信息
    8. /dev/vg1/admin: 13/49400 files (7.7% non-contiguous), 11887/204800 blocks
    9. [root@centos7-01 ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg1/admin 100M
    10. resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
    11. Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vg1/admin to 102400 (1k) blocks.
    12. The filesystem on /dev/vg1/admin is now 102400 blocks long.
    13. [root@centos7-01 ~]# lvresize -L 100M /dev/vg1/admin
    14.   WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 100.00 MiB.
    15.   THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
    16. Do you really want to reduce vg1/admin? [y/n]: y
    17.   Size of logical volume vg1/admin changed from 200.00 MiB (50 extents) to 100.00 MiB (25 extents).
    18.   Logical volume vg1/admin successfully resized.
    19. [root@centos7-01 ~]# mount /dev/vg1/admin /mnt/
    20. [root@centos7-01 ~]# lvs
    21.   LV     VG  Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
    22.   root   cl  -wi-ao----  27.80g                                                    
    23.   swap   cl  -wi-ao----   2.00g                                                    
    24.   admin vg1 -wi-ao---- 100.00m


  • xfs扩容缩容
  • 先卸载/mnt/
  • 重新格式化mkfs.xfs -f /dev/vg1/admin
  • 挂载(xfs扩容不需要卸载)
  • 扩容,lvresize -L 300M /dev/vg1/admin
  • xfs_growfs /dev/vg1/admin 更新扩容

    1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# !umount
    2. umount /mnt/
    3. [root@centos7-01 ~]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/vg1/admin
    4. meta-data=/dev/vg1/admin        isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=6400 blks
    5.          =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
    6.          =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
    7. data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=25600, imaxpct=25
    8.          =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
    9. naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
    10. log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=855, version=2
    11.          =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
    12. realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
    13. [root@centos7-01 ~]# !mount
    14. mount /dev/vg1/admin /mnt/
    15. [root@centos7-01 ~]# lvresize -L 310M /dev/vg1/admin
    16.   Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 312.00 MiB.
    17.   Size of logical volume vg1/admin changed from 100.00 MiB (25 extents) to 312.00 MiB (78 extents).
    18.   Logical volume vg1/admin successfully resized.
    19. [root@centos7-01 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/vg1/admin
    20. meta-data=/dev/mapper/vg1-admin isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=6400 blks
    21.          =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
    22.          =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
    23. data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=25600, imaxpct=25
    24.          =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
    25. naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
    26. log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=855, version=2
    27.          =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
    28. realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
    29. data blocks changed from 25600 to 79872
    30. [root@centos7-01 ~]# df -h
    31. 文件系统                容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
    32. /dev/mapper/cl-root      28G  1.2G   27G    5% /
    33. devtmpfs                478M     0  478M    0% /dev
    34. tmpfs                   489M     0  489M    0% /dev/shm
    35. tmpfs                   489M  6.7M  482M    2% /run
    36. tmpfs                   489M     0  489M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
    37. /dev/sda1               197M  117M   81M   60% /boot
    38. tmpfs                    98M     0   98M    0% /run/user/0
    39. /dev/mapper/vg1-admin  309M  5.5M  304M    2% /mnt


  • 重新格式化mkfs.xfs -f /dev/vg1/admin
  • 挂载(xfs扩容不需要卸载)
  • 扩容,lvresize -L 300M /dev/vg1/admin
  • xfs_growfs /dev/vg1/admin 更新扩容
  • 扩展卷组,逻辑卷消耗结束后需要个卷组扩容;
  • fdisk /dev/sdb 新增/dev/sdb5(逻辑分区8e)2G
  • pvcreate /dev/sdb5
  • xgextend vg1 /dev/sdb5
  • lvresize -L 100M /dev/vg1/lv1 重新设置卷大小

    1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# vgextend vg1 /dev/sdb3
    2.   Volume group "vg1" successfully extended
    3. [root@centos7-01 ~]# lvresize -L 500M /dev/vg1/admin
    4.   Size of logical volume vg1/admin changed from 312.00 MiB (78 extents) to 500.00 MiB (125 extents).
    5.   Logical volume vg1/admin successfully resized.
    6. [root@centos7-01 ~]# vgs
    7.   VG  #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize  VFree
    8.   cl    1   2   0 wz--n- 29.80g    0
    9.   vg1   3   1   0 wz--n-  2.99g 2.50g
    10. [root@centos7-01 ~]# vgdisplay
    11.   --- Volume group ---
    12.   VG Name               cl
    13.   System ID             
    14.   Format                lvm2
    15.   Metadata Areas        1
    16.   Metadata Sequence No  3
    17.   VG Access             read/write
    18.   VG Status             resizable
    19.   MAX LV                0
    20.   Cur LV                2
    21.   Open LV               2
    22.   Max PV                0
    23.   Cur PV                1
    24.   Act PV                1
    25.   VG Size               29.80 GiB
    26.   PE Size               4.00 MiB
    27.   Total PE              7629
    28.   Alloc PE / Size       7629 / 29.80 GiB
    29.   Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
    30.   VG UUID               XI5UeN-2odJ-QNE2-I1lw-ymDK-ECG2-fesvl2
    31.    
    32.   --- Volume group ---
    33.   VG Name               vg1
    34.   System ID             
    35.   Format                lvm2
    36.   Metadata Areas        3
    37.   Metadata Sequence No  7
    38.   VG Access             read/write
    39.   VG Status             resizable
    40.   MAX LV                0
    41.   Cur LV                1
    42.   Open LV               1
    43.   Max PV                0
    44.   Cur PV                3
    45.   Act PV                3
    46.   VG Size               2.99 GiB
    47.   PE Size               4.00 MiB
    48.   Total PE              765
    49.   Alloc PE / Size       125 / 500.00 MiB
    50.   Free  PE / Size       640 / 2.50 GiB
    51.   VG UUID               BlMKNZ-KBxm-u2Zp-Xq6Z-94qt-yIeG-am7Seh
    52. [root@centos7-01 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/vg1/admin
    53. meta-data=/dev/mapper/vg1-admin isize=512    agcount=13, agsize=6400 blks
    54.          =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
    55.          =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
    56. data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=79872, imaxpct=25
    57.          =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
    58. naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
    59. log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=855, version=2
    60.          =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
    61. realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
    62. data blocks changed from 79872 to 128000
    63. [root@centos7-01 ~]# df -h
    64. 文件系统                容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
    65. /dev/mapper/cl-root      28G  1.2G   27G    5% /
    66. devtmpfs                478M     0  478M    0% /dev
    67. tmpfs                   489M     0  489M    0% /dev/shm
    68. tmpfs                   489M  6.7M  482M    2% /run
    69. tmpfs                   489M     0  489M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
    70. /dev/sda1               197M  117M   81M   60% /boot
    71. tmpfs                    98M     0   98M    0% /run/user/0
    72. /dev/mapper/vg1-admin  497M  5.7M  491M    2% /mnt


二、磁盘故障小案例

  • 问题:etc/fstab下面添加配置后,重启进入不了系统;
  • 分析:磁盘挂载问题;
  • 输入root密码进入,vi/etc/fatab

    1. # /etc/fstab
    2. # Created by anaconda on Mon Oct 16 22:44:37 2017
    3. #
    4. # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
    5. # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
    6. #
    7. /dev/mapper/cl-root     /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
    8. UUID=4c1ae631-2b19-464d-b226-1da717f58b96 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
    9. /dev/mapper/cl-swap     swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
    10. /dev/sdb                /mnt                    xfs     defaults        0 0


  • 把最后一行注释掉或者删除(前面加#注释,dd删除整行),保存退出;重启即可;

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