linux+11g R2 ORACLE 安装过程及遇到相关问题解决方案

1  修改内核参数   /etc/sysctl.conf 加上如下内容
                          vi /etc/sysctl.conf

[root@localhost ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
kernel.sysrq = 0
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
kernel.msgmax = 65536
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
kernel.shmall = 268435456
fs.file-max = 6815744

原则：按照上面的数值应该能够安装成功，若是失败的话，在用OUI安装的时候会提示期望值和当前值，修改即可
然后使用
sysctl －p  更新内核参数
/root/Desktop/sendpix0.jpg

2  创建oracle用户和组及安装目录（OFA准则创建安装目录和数据文件及闪回恢复区的位置，以及保证

日志和控制文件的多路复用，以及数据文件的负载均衡）

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/pruduct/11.2.0/db_1
chmod -R  744 /u01

 groupadd oinstall   （创建用户组oinstall）

groupadd dba    （创建用户组dba）

useradd -g oinstall -G dba -d /u01/app/oracle  -p oracle oracle(这个地方设置的帐号密码似乎不可用 使用passwd username  然后修改设置的密码即可)
chown -R oracle:oinstall  /u01/app/oracle

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /boot/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /boot/u02/oradata/recovery_area
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /boot/u03/oradata/
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /boot/u04/oradata/
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /boot/u05/oradata/
[root@localhost u01]# chmod -R 744 /boot/u01
[root@localhost u01]# chmod -R 744 /boot/u02
[root@localhost u01]# chmod -R 744 /boot/u03
[root@localhost u01]# chmod -R 744 /boot/u04
[root@localhost u01]# chmod -R 744 /boot/u05
[root@localhost u01]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /boot/u01
[root@localhost u01]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /boot/u02
[root@localhost u01]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /boot/u03
[root@localhost u01]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /boot/u04
[root@localhost u01]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /boot/u05



3  修改用户的环境变量

 su – oracle

 vi .profile 添加

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/css/bin:/etc:/usr/binx11:/usr/local/bin
export ORACLE_BASE=/boot/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORAENV_ASK=./usr/local/bin/oraenv
umask 022
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
  使用export $name 查看相应变量是否设置正确，这个地方由于自己一时不注意少设置了PATH变量
使用不了SQLPLUS 因为系统找不到PATH路径
修改如下
[oracle@localhost ~]$ export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
[oracle@localhost ~]$ export $PATH
-bash: export: `/boot/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin:/usr/lib/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/home/oracle/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/css/bin:/etc:/usr/binx11:/usr/local/bin': not a valid identifier
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Apr 2 19:59:47 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Enter user-name: scott
Enter password:

4  为oracle用户设置shell的限制

1、gedit /etc/security/limits.conf 加入如下内容

oracle soft nproc  2047

oracle hard nproc  16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

oracle hard stack  10240

 

2、gedit /etc/pam.d/login 加入

session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so

 

3、gedit /etc/profile 加入

 

  if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

           if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

                   ulimit -p 16384

                   ulimit -n 65536

           else

                   ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

           fi

  fi

 附加问题  有些系统在安装过程中会无法进入安装界面

解决办法如下

[root@localhost oracle]# xhost local:oracle non-network local connections being added to access control list
non-network local connections being added to access control list
xhost:  bad hostname "non-network"
xhost:  bad hostname "local"
xhost:  bad hostname "connections"
xhost:  bad hostname "being"
xhost:  bad hostname "added"
xhost:  bad hostname "to"
xhost:  bad hostname "access"
xhost:  bad hostname "control"
xhost:  bad hostname "list"
[root@localhost oracle]# su - oracle
-bash: [oracle=oracle]: command not found
[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd ~/database
[oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller
正在启动 Oracle Universal Installer...

检查临时空间: 必须大于 80 MB。   实际为 3459 MB    通过
检查交换空间: 必须大于 150 MB。   实际为 4031 MB    通过
检查监视器: 监视器配置至少必须显示 256 种颜色。    实际为 16777216    通过
准备从以下地址启动 Oracle Universal Installer /tmp/OraInstall2011-04-01_10-38-09PM. 请稍候...[oracle@localhost database]$

过程中会提示执行两个脚本
[root@localhost ~]# cd /boot/u01/app/oraInventory/
[root@localhost oraInventory]# sh orainstRoot.sh
更改权限/boot/u01/app/oraInventory.
添加组的读取和写入权限。
删除全局的读取, 写入和执行权限。

更改组名/boot/u01/app/oraInventory 到 oinstall.
脚本的执行已完成。
[root@localhost oraInventory]# cd /boot/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/
[root@localhost db_1]# sh root.sh
Running Oracle 11g root.sh script...

The following environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
    ORACLE_HOME=  /boot/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...


Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Finished product-specific root actions.
[root@localhost db_1]#

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