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Disaster management
The WTO is under threat from the Trump administration
America is increasingly resorting to bilateral trade measures
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FOR Roberto Azevêdo, its director-general, the WTO is a “hostage of its own success”. For President Donald Trump it is “a disaster”. Mr Trump wouldnot be alone inbalking atMr Azevêdo’sformulation,meant tomanage downexpectations for the WTO’s two-yearly ministerial meeting in Argentina later this month. The WTO has not achieved a bigbreakthroughin its mission oftrade liberalisationfor more than two decades. Its last big round of trade talks, the Doha Development Agenda, became theJarndyce v Jarndyceof tradediplomacy; in 2015 it was quietlyput out of its misery.
▶单词识记：
▷formulation：为formulate的名词形式，动词指to develop something such as a plan or a set of rules, and decide all the details of how it will be done. 构想、规划。【例】the formulation of clear objectives.
▷Breakthrough：an important new discovery in something you are studying, especially one made after trying for a long time突破，介词接in。【例】Scientists have made a major breakthrough in the treatment of cancer.
▷diplomacy：skill in dealing with people without upsetting them外交手腕、交际手段。【例】The job requires tact and diplomacy.
▶熟词僻义：
▷putsth/sbout of its misery：此短语并非put out，而是put sth/sb out of its misery，有两种意思：一是to make someone stop feeling worried, especially by telling them something they are waiting to hear指使某人不再着急（往往通过告诉其想要了解之事），【例】Go on, put them out of their misery and announce the winner.；二是to kill a sick or injured animal in order to end its suffering指结束某人的痛苦（指杀死患病或受伤的动物），【例】I think you should put the poor creature out of its misery.此处为后者。
▶动词短语：
▷balk at：balk指to not want to do or try something, because it seems difficult, unpleasant, or frightening畏缩不前，犹豫。Balk at为阻止，反对。【例】Westerners balk at the prospect of snake on the menu.
▷manage down：为商业用语，指to focus on being an effective manager for the people you are responsible for in an organization, more than on satisfying the people who are above you。是对manage效果的强调，指统筹好、管理好。
▶写作句型：
▷be alone indoing：不会独自一人做某事，指做某事得到了他人的支持。
▶长难句分析：
▷meant to：动词被动形式做定语，相当于（which is）meant to，修饰formulation。
▶文化延展：
▷hostage of its own success：hostage意为人质，此处指某件事物反而被其成功所限制（而无法发展、施展拳脚等）。
▷trade liberalisation：贸易自由化，通常指不设贸易壁垒、降低关税等。
▷Jarndyce v Jarndyce：出自狄更斯的小说《荒凉山庄》，其中描绘了一个“贾丹思指控贾丹思”的拖了很久但没有任何结果的法院判案，用来描述当时司法体系的黑暗。此处则指多哈谈判耗时长而收获小，参加方使用外交辞令相互拉锯推诿而导致毫无进展。
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If onlya disappointing recordwere the biggest problem for the WTO. Americahas hadfraughtrelations with itfor years; under Mr Trump, frustration（沮丧）hasturned toaggression（进攻）. America feels that China, the world’s biggest exporter, has used the WTO toprovidelegalcoverfora policy ofmercantilism（重商主义）.Rather thanhelp the WTO find solutions, the administration haspreferred toundermineit, through a mixture of policyunilateralism, rhetorical criticism and bureaucraticsabotage. That approach is wrong.The WTO is easy to criticise and take for granted.But it is vital for the world economy—and for America.
▶单词识记：
▷fraught：full of anxiety or worry紧张的，同义词为tense【例】a fraught atmosphere.
▷undermine：to gradually make someone or something less strong or effective 逐渐损害【例】economic policies that threaten to undermine the health care system.
▷unilateral：a unilateral action or decision is done by only one of the groups involved in a situation 单边的【例】a unilateral declaration of independence.
▷sabotage：to deliberately spoil someone’s plans because you do not want them to succeed故意破坏【例】Every single plane had been sabotaged.
▶熟词僻义：
▷cover：behaviour or activities that seem normal or honest but are being used to hide something bad or illegal掩护、掩盖，通常接for【例】The gang used the shop as a cover for drug deals.
▶动词短语：
▷turn to：to become a different quality, attitude, form of a substance etc, or to make something do this 变成【例】Our laughter turned to horror as we realized that Jody was really hurt.
▶写作句型：
▷If only：used to express a strong wish, especially when you know that what you want cannot happen如果……就好了。在写作中，使用此句，后面往往跟更加糟糕的转折。
▷providesthforsb：to give something to someone or make it available to them, because they need it or want it 提供、供给，相当于provide sb with sth。【例】The hotel provides a shoe-cleaning service for guests.
▷Rather than：不是……，（后表转折）而是……往往与prefer to（倾向于）相连用。
▷The WTO is easy to criticise and take for granted.To引导动词不定式，在此处实际上作主语，相当于to take the WTO for granted is easy to criticise。
▶长难句分析：
▷has had……for years：注意现在完成时时态的用法，在上文中也用到了这个时态。指近年来，……。
▶文化延展：
▷a disappointing record代指上文的效果不佳的WTO多哈谈判。
▷mercantilism：重商主义（Mercantilism），也称作“商业本位”，产生于16世纪中叶，盛行于17—18世纪中叶，后为古典经济学取代[1] 。它建立在这样的信念上：即一国的国力基于通过贸易的顺差，即出口额大于进口额。所能获得的财富，是封建主义解体之后的16至17世纪西欧资本原始积累时期的一种经济理论或经济体系，反映资本原始积累时期商业资产阶级利益的经济理论和政策体系。
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So far, Mr Trump has notcarried outthe most drastic of the trade threatshe made so loudly on the campaign trail（指在竞选运动中）:across the board,45% tariffs on imports from China, pluswithdrawalfrom the WTO and North American Free-Trade Agreement (NAFTA). But he stillseestradeasa zero-sum game（零和游戏）that America has been losing,in which imports are bad, exports are good and a bilateral trade balance is the scoresheet.
▶单词识记：
▷withdrawal：the removal or stopping of something such as support, an offer, or a service撤销，回撤，后接of。【例】withdrawal of government aid
▶熟词僻义：
▷board：across the board，affecting everyone or everything in a situation or organization 全面地，涉及全体的。【例】They have agreed to production cuts as long as they are across the board.
▶动词短语：
▷carry out：to do something that you have said you will do or that someone has asked you to do 实施、执行。【例】We carried out her instructions precisely.
▶写作句型：
▷the most drastic of the trade threats：当要表示在一部分事务中最如何的，可以参考用这种形式。
▷see……as……：将……视作……。
▶长难句分析：
▷a zero-sum game（零和游戏） that America has been losing：that引导定语从句，先行词为game，从句的谓语为lose the game。
▷in which imports are bad, exports are good and a bilateral trade balance is the scoresheet.：in which引导定语从句，先行词仍为game，从句中各短句朗朗上口，最后的scoresheet指运动赛场的比分单，再次与game呼应。此句极好！
欢迎关注我们的同名微信公号：外刊看世界（wkansj）。
在公号里，我们为大家准备了无障碍读懂《经济学人》的必备单词大礼包，考研、托福、雅思必看！
我们每天会推送一篇外刊（经济学人、金融时报、纽约时报等）双语精读分析文章。
洞观世界热点、助力英语学习。