2021华为笔试4.8题解

第一题:编码数目    
题目:输入N,M,求N+N^2+N^3+...+N^M的结果(取余1000000007),1 输入格式:每行输入N M,直到N M均等于0时跳出   
输出格式:每行输出对应的结果

解题思路:快速幂(实质对幂指数进行二进制转换,将累乘拆分),不了解的可以查找一下

import java.util.*;

public class Main {
	static Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
	static int mod = 1000000007;

	static int q_pow(int a, int b) {
		a %= mod;
		int ans = 1;
		while (b != 0) {
			if ((b & 1) == 1)
				ans = (ans * a) % mod;
			a = (a * a) % mod;
			b >>= 1;
		}
      return ans;
	}
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		int n = in.nextInt();
		int m = in.nextInt();
        long sum = 0;
        for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) {
			sum+=q_pow(n, i);//累加即可
		}

		System.out.println(sum);
	}

}

其实还有一种思路是利用Java提供的大数类BigInterger,这个类支持大数计算


 

第二题:二进制

题目:允许对二进制数进行两种操作:00->10,10->01,求可能的最大数(两种操作可以进行任意次)
输入格式:先一行输出样例数,然后每两行输入二进制长度与二进制数本体,1<=长度<=10000
例如:
2
4
0001
10
1010111000
输出格式:每行输出每个样例的答案
例如:
1101
1111101111

思路:操作:①00->10②10->01,

为了使得到的数最大,尽可能使高位为1,那么②其实是为①服务的,利用②将0往高位移动,将1往低位移动,然后将高位的0利用①转换,通过模拟可以得到结论:第一个0后面的所有1(设个数为a)都会别挪到最后(通过②),此时经过①会有新的0101情况出现,继续重复上述步骤,最后得到:(总长度-a-1)个1+0+a个1 的字符串

总结思路:(1)通过②将第一个0后面的所有1移到最后

                  (2)通过①处理此时的字符串

                  (3)重复(1)(2)直到不能进行①②操作

 

import java.util.*;

public class Main {
	static Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		int t = in.nextInt();
		while(t-->0) {
			int n = in.nextInt();
			String s = in.next();
			int pos = 0;
			int cnt = 0;
			for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
				if(s.charAt(i)=='0') {pos = i;break;};
			}
			for (int i = pos; i < s.length(); i++) {
				if(s.charAt(i)=='1') cnt++;
			}
			String ans = "";
			for (int i = 0; i < n-cnt-1; i++) {
				ans+="1";
			}
			ans+="0";
			for (int i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
				ans+="1";
			}
			if(pos==0)//注意字符串全为1的情况
				System.out.println(s);
			else
			    System.out.println(ans);
		}
	}
}

         

 

第三题:解数独

题目:即leetcode 37题

输入格式:

{5,3,0,0,7,0,0,0,0}
{6,0,0,1,9,5,0,0,0}
{0,9,8,0,0,0,0,6,0}
{8,0,0,0,6,0,0,0,3}
{4,0,0,8,0,3,0,0,1}
{7,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,6}
{0,6,0,0,0,0,2,8,0}
{0,0,0,4,1,9,0,0,5}
{0,0,0,0,8,0,0,7,9}

输出格式:

{5,3,4,6,7,8,9,1,2}
{6,7,2,1,9,5,3,4,8}
{1,9,8,3,4,2,5,6,7}
{8,5,9,7,6,1,4,2,3}
{4,2,6,8,5,3,7,9,1}
{7,1,3,9,2,4,8,5,6}
{9,6,1,5,3,7,2,8,4}
{2,8,7,4,1,9,6,3,5}
{3,4,5,2,8,6,1,7,9}

思路:标志数组+回溯

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {
	static Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
	static boolean[][] row = new boolean[9][10];
	static boolean[][] col = new boolean[9][10];
	static boolean[][] box = new boolean[9][10];
	static int[][] num = new int[9][9];
	static boolean solve(int r, int c) {
		if (c == 9) {
			c = 0;
			r++;
			if (r == 9)
				return true;
		}
		if (num[r][c] == 0) {
			int id = 0;
			for (int i = 1; i <= 9; i++) {
				id = (r / 3) * 3 + c / 3;
				//不能在同一行同一列或者同一个方框
				if (row[r][i] == false && col[c][i] == false && box[id][i] == false) {
					row[r][i] = col[c][i] = box[id][i] = true;
					num[r][c] = i;
					if (solve(r, c + 1))
						return true;
					//位置不合适,回溯
					num[r][c] = 0;
					row[r][i] = col[c][i] = box[id][i] = false;
				}
			}
		}else 
			return solve(r, c + 1);
		return false;
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		String str;
		int bid = 0;
		for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
				row[i][j] = col[i][j] = box[i][j] = false;
			}
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
			str = in.next();
			for (int j = 0; j < 9; j++) {
				num[i][j] = str.charAt(j * 2 + 1) - '0';
				if (num[i][j] >= 1 && num[i][j] <= 9) {
					bid = (i / 3) * 3 + j / 3;//每个3X3方块的索引
					row[i][num[i][j]] = true;
					col[j][num[i][j]] = true;
					box[bid][num[i][j]] = true;
				}
			}
		}
		solve(0, 0);
		for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
			System.out.print("{");
			for (int j = 0; j < 9; j++) {
				if (j != 8)
					System.out.print(num[i][j] + ",");
				else
					System.out.println(num[i][j] + "}");
			}
		}

	}

}

 

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