备战18年5月CATTI三级笔译#20180111练习题目发布#
1.英译汉
The current surge in private capital flows has occurred in the midst of much-improved domestic policies and global financial conditions compared with those that prevailed during the capital flows surge of the 1990s. This time around, governments have so far generally managed to avoid excessive expansion of aggregate demand, large current-account deficits, and sharp appreciations of the real exchange rate. However, the policy agenda for managing capital flows is broad and complex, and considerable challenges remain.
Progress has been made in simplifying the very complex web of capital controls and exchange rate restrictions imposed by many countries. But the gradual opening of capital accounts must be accomplished by a further strengthening of macroeconomic policies, the development of local capital markets and the institutions needed to regulate them, and the establishment of a system of risk management robust enough to respond to the needs of a more flexible exchange rate and open capital account. Liberalization of the capital account once implemented is difficult to reverse. A return to capital controls should be seen only as a policy of last resort, to be used to dampen excessive exchange rate volatility or to moderate large inflows of capital when other policies, such as interest rates and intervention in foreign exchange markets, prove fruitless.
在极大改进的国内政策和全球金融状态中，私人资本流动相比于20世纪90年代要快得多。这一次，截至目前为止政府成功避免了过度的需求扩张，大的活期存款赤字，以及实际汇率的大幅提升。然而，管理资金流入的政策实施事项是广而杂的，还有很多挑战未完成。
我国在简化复杂的资本管控方面以及强制更改被很多国家反对的汇率方面取得了进展。但是逐步开放资本账户必须由一个强有力度的宏观经济政策来完成，也需要发展当地的资本市场体系来规范，以及建立足够强大的风险管理系统来回应汇率变动和资本账号开放得需求。一旦资本账户实行了自由化就很难被逆转。资本管制的回归应该只被当作限制过度的汇率波动和调控因其他政策如利率以及国外外汇市场的介入带来的大量的资本流入最后的手段，使得这些政策变得无效。
1.英译汉
与20世纪90年代资本流动激增的情况相比，当前私人资本流动的激增伴随着国内政策和全球金融状况的大幅改善。在这一过程中，各国政府迄今都尽量避免出现总需求过度扩张、经常项目巨额赤字和实际汇率大幅升值的情况。但是，管理资本流动的政策议程既广泛，又复杂，依然存在重大挑战。
许多国家的资本管制和汇率限制错综复杂，在简化这些措施方面，已经取得了进展。但是，在逐步开放资本项目的同时，必须进一步加强宏观经济政策，发展本国资本市场和市场监管的相应制度，建立一个有力的风险管理体系，应对汇率制度更灵活、资本项目更开放所带来的需求。资本项目自由化一旦执行，就难以逆转。重返资本管制应该被看作最后的政策举措，只是用来抑制汇率的过度波动，或者是在利率和干预外汇市场等政策证明无效时，用来调节资本的大量流入。
2.汉译英
1949年以来，中国农业科学家共培育出40多种农作物，近5000个高产、优质、抗性强的新品种，使主要农作物品种更新四至五次，每更新一次，一般增产10％至30％。目前，中国粮食作物单产已由1950年的1.16吨/公顷增加到4.40吨/公顷，提高了1.8倍。
被国际上誉为“杂交水稻之父”的中国科学家袁隆平，在杂交水稻方面的研究成果改写了20世纪后半叶中国水稻耕作的历史，也为解决全人类的“口粮”问题作出了卓越贡献。现在，中国杂交水稻的优良品种已占全国水稻种植面积的51％，平均增产20％。
Since 1949, the Chinese agriculture scientists have totally cultivated more than 40 kinds of crops, almost 5000 kinds 哦的new verieties with high production and quality as well as strong ressistance, which made the main crop varieties upgraded 4 to 5 times, normally, every upgrade will make the production increased from 10% to 30%.Untill now on, the unit production of Chinese grain crops has increased from 1.16 ton per hectare in 1950 to 4.40 ton per hectare now, which has increased 1.8 times.
Yuanlongping, the Chinese scientist ,who is nationally acclaimed as the father of hyride rice, his research findings in hybrid rice rewrote the history of the rice cultivation in China in the second half of twentieth century, which also made a great contribution in solving the food question for mankind. Now, the great quality of hybrid rice varieties have occupied 51% in the country's rice planting area, the average increase production was 20%.
2.汉译英
译文1
Since 1949, Chinese agricultural scientists have cultivated more than 40 new crops, involving close to 5,000 high-yield, good-quality varieties with strong disease resistance. Thus major crops have been improved four to five times, with an increase of yield of 10 to 30 percent each time.
The per-hectare output of grain crops has increased to the current 4.4 tons from 1.16 tons in 1950, a 3.8-fold increase.
Yuan Longping, a Chinese scientist who is internationally famous as the “Father of Hybrid Rice” has rewritten China’s history of rice cultivation in the second half of the 20th century with his tremendous achievements in the breeding of hybrid rice, and has made extraordinary contributions to solving mankind’s “grain-shortage” problem.
Thanks to his contributions, 51 percent of China’s rice-fields are used to grow fine varieties of hybrid rice, with an average increase of 20 percent in output.
译文2
Since 1949, China’s agricultural scientists have created over 40 new crops, including nearly 5,000 high-yield, good-quality, disease-resistance varieties. The major crops have had 4-5 varieties, each increasing the yield 10％-30％.
The per-hectare grain crop yield has increased from 1.16 tons in 1950 to 4.4 tons, up 3.8 times.
The Chinese scientist Yuan Longping, who is globally renowned as the Father of Hybrid Rice for his tremendous achievements in hybrid rice breeding, has rewritten China’s history of rice cultivation in the latter part of the 20th century and has made outstanding contributions to the solution of mankind’s “food-shortage”.
Now 51% of China’s rice paddies are devoted to fine varieties of hybrid rice, with an average yield increase of 20%.