1 蚁群算法的提出
蚁群算法(ant colony optimization, ACO),又称蚂蚁算法,是一种用来寻找优化路径的机率型算法。它由Marco Dorigo于1992年在他的博士论文中提出,其灵感来源于蚂蚁在寻找食物过程中发现路径的行为。遗传算法在模式识别、神经网络、机器学习、工业优化控制、自适应控制、生物科学、社会科学等方面都得到应用。
2 算法的基本原理
% Ant main program
clear all;
close all;
clc;
tic;
Ant=25;%蚂蚁数量
Ger=120;%迭代次数
first_address = [
100,10
150,10
180,30
200,10
200,200
200,220
180,240
180,270
150,270
100,240
80,240
50,270
200,300
10,300
10,270
10,240
10,200
10,10
50,30
100,10
];%first_address表示测试数据中的节点坐标
SumOfCity = size(first_address,1);%节点个数
length_address =10000.*ones(SumOfCity,SumOfCity);%length_address表示两两节点间的距离,初始设定10000,可以设定无穷大,表示不相连
length_address(1,2)=377;%表示节点1和节点2的距离
length_address(2,4)=190;
length_address(2,3)=100;
length_address(3,4)=101;
length_address(4,5)=240;
length_address(5,17)=1932;
length_address(5,6)=70;
length_address(6,13)=200;
length_address(6,7)=63.1;
length_address(7,10)=377;
length_address(7,8)=87.5;
length_address(8,9)=100;
length_address(10,11)=8;
length_address(9,10)=170.8;
length_address(9,12)=332.9;
length_address(11,12)=168.8;
length_address(11,16)=375.2;
length_address(12,15)=135.1;
length_address(13,14)=458;
length_address(14,15)=100;
length_address(15,16)=86.7;
length_address(16,17)=187.5;
length_address(17,18)=639.8;
length_address(18,20)=510.5;
length_address(18,19)=200.1;
length_address(19,20)=246.8;
for n=1:size(first_address)
for m=1:size(first_address)
if length_address(n,m)~=10000
length_address(m,n)=length_address(n,m); %对称矩阵
end
end
end
power=length_address;%距离
[PM PN]=size(power);%距离矩阵大小,行列个数
% %% 画出节点分布图形
% figure(1);
% grid on;
% hold on;
% scatter(first_address(:,1),first_address(:,2));
% for i=1:PN
% for j=1:PN
% if(length_address(i,j)~=10000)
% line([first_address(i,1),first_address(j,1)],[first_address(i,2),first_address(j,2)],'Color','g');%划线
% text((first_address(i,1)+first_address(j,1))/2,(first_address(i,2)+first_address(j,2))/2,num2str(length_address(i,j)));%标注线段距离
% end
% end
% end
% 初始化蚂蚁位置
v=init_population(Ant,PN);
v(:,1)=1;%起点
v(:,PN)=1;%终点
fit=short_road_fun(v,power);%求每条路径的距离
T0 = max(fit)-fit;
% 初始化
vmfit=[];
vx=[];
P0=0.2; % P0----全局转移选择因子
P=0.8; % P ----信息素蒸发系数
%C=[];
% 开始寻优
for i_ger=1:Ger
lamda=1/i_ger; % 转移步长参数
[T_Best(i_ger),BestIndex]=max(T0);
for j_g=1:Ant % 求取全局转移概率
r=T0(BestIndex)-T0(j_g);
Prob(i_ger,j_g)=r/T0(BestIndex);
end
%对100只蚂蚁进行路径的转变
for j_g_tr=1:Ant
%路径进行改变,该路径存放到temp变量,1表示经过该列所在的节点数
if Prob(i_ger,j_g_tr)<P0
M=rand(1,PN)<lamda;
temp=v(j_g_tr,:)-2.*(v(j_g_tr,:).*M)+M;
else
M=rand(1,PN)<P0;
temp=v(j_g_tr,:)-2.*(v(j_g_tr,:).*M)+M;
end
temp(:,1)=1;%起点和终点必须有蚂蚁存在
temp(:,end)=1;
%判转变后的临时路径距离是否小于原来的路径,是的话就将该蚂蚁的路径进行转换成temp中存放的路径
if short_road_fun(temp,power)<short_road_fun(v(j_g_tr,:),power)
v(j_g_tr,:)=temp;
end
end
%信息素更新
[sol,indb]=min(fit);
v(1,:)=v(indb,:);%第一只蚂蚁的路径保存最小路径
media=mean(fit);
vx=[vx sol];%存放每一代最小的距离
% vmfit=[vmfit media];
end
% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
%%%% 最后结果
% 显示最优解及最优值
% v(indb,:)
disp(sprintf('Code of shortroad is: %s',num2str(v(indb,:))));
disp(sprintf('\n')); %空一行
disp(sprintf('Shortroad is: %s',num2str(find(v(indb,:)))));
disp(sprintf('Mininum is: %d',sol));
route=find(v(indb,:));
% 画出节点分布图形
figure(2);
grid on;
hold on;
for i=1:PN-1
plot(first_address(i,1),first_address(i,2),'bo','MarkerSize',10);
str=num2str(i);
text(first_address(i,1)-10,first_address(i,2)+10,str,'Color','red','FontSize',15);
end
m=length(route);
for i=1:m
plot(first_address(route(i),1),first_address(route(i),2),'MarkerSize',10,'MarkerEdgeColor','k','MarkerFaceColor',[0.5,0.5,0.5]) ;
hold on;
end
for i=1:PN
for j=1:PN
if(length_address(i,j)~=10000)
line([first_address(i,1),first_address(j,1)],[first_address(i,2),first_address(j,2)],'Color','g','LineWidth',5);%划线
text((first_address(i,1)+first_address(j,1))/2,(first_address(i,2)+first_address(j,2))/2,num2str(length_address(i,j)));%标注线段距离
end
end
end
%% 最短路径
for p=1:m-1
if(route(p+1)~=20)
line([first_address(route(p),1),first_address(route(p+1),1)],[first_address(route(p),2),first_address(route(p+1),2)],'Color','r','LineWidth',5);%划线
text((first_address(route(p),1)+first_address(route(p+1),1))/2,(first_address(route(p),2)+first_address(route(p+1),2))/2,num2str(length_address(route(p),route(p+1))));%标注线段距离
else
line([first_address(route(p),1),first_address(1,1)],[first_address(route(p),2),first_address(1,2)],'Color','r','LineWidth',5);%划线
text((first_address(route(p),1)+first_address(1,1))/2,(first_address(route(p),2)+first_address(1,2))/2,num2str(length_address(route(p),route(p+1))));%标注线段距离
end
end
axis([0 250 0 400])
% 图形显示最优及平均函数值变化趋势
% figure(3);
% plot(vx);
% title('最优,平均函数值变化趋势');
% xlabel('Generations');
% ylabel('f(x)');
% hold on;
% plot(vmfit,'r');
% hold off;
runtime=toc
版本:2014a