句子赏析疑点 2017.12.16

1. At the same time it must be noted that never was a totalitarian theory advanced, in ancient or modern days, without the basic appeal that it was for the good of the state and of the common people.(P97)

Never在这里充当什么成分？加粗文字的结构分析不出

2. Here was a singular man beneath whose strange appearance lay talents and character the officials could not quite fathom.(P100)

beneath在这里是什么成分？什么含义？

3. The two, therefore, intensely disliked Wang, the more for what they considered his affectations in dress and habits.

我理解的意思是“他们不喜欢王，其中更多的原因是他邋遢”，但是译文为“不喜欢王，因为他邋遢，更讨厌他了”，eric觉得是哪种呢？

4. He was author of the Mirror of History, which became the pole star to which all history writing in China after him must be orientated.

这是叫定语从句吗？什么时候有介词，什么时候用of/in，Eric有相关的公众号历史推送文章可以帮助理解下吗？

5. Wang Anshih had therefore begun to dislike Szema Kuang as opposed to his policies.

as在这里是什么意思？充当什么成分？