Category,+load方法,+initialize方法

苹果源码https://opensource.apple.com/tarballs/objc4/

Category的底层结构

struct category_t {
    const char *name;
    classref_t cls;
    struct method_list_t *instanceMethods;
    struct method_list_t *classMethods;
    struct protocol_list_t *protocols;
    struct property_list_t *instanceProperties;
    // Fields below this point are not always present on disk.
    struct property_list_t *_classProperties;

    method_list_t *methodsForMeta(bool isMeta) {
        if (isMeta) return classMethods;
        else return instanceMethods;
    }

    property_list_t *propertiesForMeta(bool isMeta, struct header_info *hi);
    
    protocol_list_t *protocolsForMeta(bool isMeta) {
        if (isMeta) return nullptr;
        else return protocols;
    }
};

Category的加载处理过程

  • objc-os.mm
void _objc_init(void)
{
    .......
    _dyld_objc_notify_register(&map_images, load_images, unmap_image);
}

runtime入口函数,map_images镜像文件

map_images(unsigned count, const char * const paths[],
           const struct mach_header * const mhdrs[])
{
    mutex_locker_t lock(runtimeLock);
    return map_images_nolock(count, paths, mhdrs);
}

处理由dyld映射的镜像文件

  • objc-runtime-new.mm
void 
map_images_nolock(unsigned mhCount, const char * const mhPaths[],
                  const struct mach_header * const mhdrs[]){
......
if (hCount > 0) {
        _read_images(hList, hCount, totalClasses, unoptimizedTotalClasses);
    }
...
}

读取镜像文件

void _read_images(header_info **hList, uint32_t hCount, int totalClasses, int unoptimizedTotalClasses){
...
  // Discover categories. 
    if (didInitialAttachCategories) {
        for (EACH_HEADER) {
            load_categories_nolock(hi);
        }
    }
...
}

加载分类

static void load_categories_nolock(header_info *hi) {
    bool hasClassProperties = hi->info()->hasCategoryClassProperties();

    size_t count;
    auto processCatlist = [&](category_t * const *catlist) {
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            category_t *cat = catlist[i];
            Class cls = remapClass(cat->cls);
            locstamped_category_t lc{cat, hi};
        }
      // Process this category.
            if (cls->isStubClass()) {
               .....
            }else{
                    if (cat->instanceMethods ||  cat->protocols
                    ||  cat->instanceProperties)  {
                        if (cls->isRealized()) {
                          attachCategories(cls, &lc, 1, ATTACH_EXISTING);
                         } else {
                          objc::unattachedCategories.addForClass(lc, cls);
                         }
                     }

                  if (cat->classMethods  ||  cat->protocols
                    ||  (hasClassProperties && cat->_classProperties)) {
                          if (cls->ISA()->isRealized()) {
                          attachCategories(cls->ISA(), &lc, 1, ATTACH_EXISTING | ATTACH_METACLASS);
                          } else {
                            objc::unattachedCategories.addForClass(lc, cls->ISA());
                          }
                    }
            }
      }
}

核心方法Class cls = remapClass(cat->cls);重建Class的方法列表
attachCategories(cls, &lc, 1, ATTACH_EXISTING);

static void
attachCategories(Class cls, const locstamped_category_t *cats_list, uint32_t cats_count,
                 int flags){
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cats_count; i++) {
        auto& entry = cats_list[i];

        method_list_t *mlist = entry.cat->methodsForMeta(isMeta);
        if (mlist) {
            if (mcount == ATTACH_BUFSIZ) {
                prepareMethodLists(cls, mlists, mcount, NO, fromBundle);
                rwe->methods.attachLists(mlists, mcount);
                mcount = 0;
            }
            mlists[ATTACH_BUFSIZ - ++mcount] = mlist;
            fromBundle |= entry.hi->isBundle();
        }

        property_list_t *proplist =
            entry.cat->propertiesForMeta(isMeta, entry.hi);
        if (proplist) {
            if (propcount == ATTACH_BUFSIZ) {
                rwe->properties.attachLists(proplists, propcount);
                propcount = 0;
            }
            proplists[ATTACH_BUFSIZ - ++propcount] = proplist;
        }

        protocol_list_t *protolist = entry.cat->protocolsForMeta(isMeta);
        if (protolist) {
            if (protocount == ATTACH_BUFSIZ) {
                rwe->protocols.attachLists(protolists, protocount);
                protocount = 0;
            }
            protolists[ATTACH_BUFSIZ - ++protocount] = protolist;
        }
    }
}

附加分类的方法列表,属性列表,协议列表到class

    void attachLists(List* const * addedLists, uint32_t addedCount) {
        if (addedCount == 0) return;

        if (hasArray()) {
            // many lists -> many lists
            uint32_t oldCount = array()->count;
            uint32_t newCount = oldCount + addedCount;
            setArray((array_t *)realloc(array(), array_t::byteSize(newCount)));
            array()->count = newCount;
            //array()->lists,原来的方法列表
            memmove(array()->lists + addedCount, array()->lists, 
                    oldCount * sizeof(array()->lists[0]));
            //addedLists所有分类的方法列表
            memcpy(array()->lists, addedLists, 
                   addedCount * sizeof(array()->lists[0]));
        }
       ....
    }

结论:

  • 通过Runtime加载某个类的所有Category数据

  • 把所有Category的方法、属性、协议数据,合并到一个大数组中
    后面参与编译的Category数据,会在数组的前面

  • 将合并后的分类数据(方法、属性、协议),插入到类原来数据的前面

面试题

Category里面的方法存放在哪里?

一个类所对应的分类下的对象方法,存放在该类的类对象的方法列表里面。
一个类所对应的分类下的类方法,会存放在该类的元类对象的方法列表里面

Category的实现原理
Category编译之后的底层结构是struct category_t,里面存储着分类的对象方法、类方法、属性、协议信息
在程序运行的时候,runtime会将Category的数据,合并到类信息中(类对象、元类对象中)

Category和Class Extension的区别是什么?
Class Extension在编译的时候,它的数据就已经包含在类信息中
Category是在运行时,才会将数据合并到类信息中

+load方法

源码解读:

  • objc-os.mm
void _objc_init(void)
{
    .......
    _dyld_objc_notify_register(&map_images, load_images, unmap_image);
}

runtime入口函数, load_images镜像文件的load函数

void
load_images(const char *path __unused, const struct mach_header *mh)
{
    ......
    // Discover load methods
    {
        .....
        prepare_load_methods((const headerType *)mh);
    }

    // Call +load methods (without runtimeLock - re-entrant)
    call_load_methods();
}

prepare_load_methods对load方法的准备,call_load_methods()调用load方法

void prepare_load_methods(const headerType *mhdr)
{
   ....
    如果没有父类按照编译顺序获取class列表
    classref_t const *classlist = 
        _getObjc2NonlazyClassList(mhdr, &count);
    for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        如果有父类就先添加父类
        schedule_class_load(remapClass(classlist[i]));
    }
    按照编译顺序添加分类列表
    category_t * const *categorylist = _getObjc2NonlazyCategoryList(mhdr, &count);
    for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        category_t *cat = categorylist[i];
        Class cls = remapClass(cat->cls);
        if (!cls) continue;  // category for ignored weak-linked class
        if (cls->isSwiftStable()) {
            _objc_fatal("Swift class extensions and categories on Swift "
                        "classes are not allowed to have +load methods");
        }
         ....
        添加分类的load方法到loadable_list
        add_category_to_loadable_list(cat);
    }
}
static void schedule_class_load(Class cls)
{
   ....
    // Ensure superclass-first ordering
    递归调用,先添加父类的class对象
    schedule_class_load(cls->superclass);
    添加class对象中的load方法到loadable_list
    add_class_to_loadable_list(cls);
   ...
}

添加class中的load方法

void call_load_methods(void)
{
    ....
    do {
        1. Repeatedly call class +loads until there aren't any more
        while (loadable_classes_used > 0) {
            call_class_loads();
        }

        2. Call category +loads ONCE
        more_categories = call_category_loads();

        3. Run more +loads if there are classes OR more untried categories
    } while (loadable_classes_used > 0  ||  more_categories);
  ...
}

结论:

+load方法会在runtime加载类、分类时调用
每个类、分类的+load,在程序运行过程中只调用一次

调用顺序
1. 先调用类的+load
按照编译先后顺序调用(先编译,先调用)
调用子类的+load之前会先调用父类的+load

2. 再调用分类的+load
按照编译先后顺序调用(先编译,先调用)

+load方法是根据方法地址直接调用,并不是经过objc_msgSend函数调用

面试题

Category中有load方法吗?load方法是什么时候调用的?load 方法能继承吗?

  • 有load方法
  • load方法在runtime加载类、分类的时候调用
  • load方法可以继承,但是一般情况下不会主动去调用load方法,都是让系统自动调用

+initialize方法

源码解读

  • objc-msg-arm64.s
    objc_msgSend //汇编
  • objc-runtime-new.mm
Class class_initialize(Class cls, id obj)
{
   ...
    return initializeAndMaybeRelock(cls, obj, runtimeLock, false);
}

类的initialize方法

static Class initializeAndMaybeRelock(Class cls, id inst,
                                      mutex_t& lock, bool leaveLocked)
{
    ...
    initializeNonMetaClass(nonmeta);
    ...
}
void initializeNonMetaClass(Class cls){
 supercls = cls->superclass;
    if (supercls  &&  !supercls->isInitialized()) {
    递归调用,先调用父类initialize方法
        initializeNonMetaClass(supercls);
    }
...
 if (reallyInitialize) {
       @try
        {
     调用当前类的initialize方法
            callInitialize(cls);
        }
}
....
 else if (cls->isInitialized()) {
    如果当前类已经initialize就return
        return;
}

结论:

  • +initialize方法会在类第一次接收到消息时调用

  • 调用顺序
    先调用父类的+initialize,再调用子类的+initialize
    (先初始化父类,再初始化子类,每个类只会初始化1次)

  • +initialize和+load的很大区别是,+initialize是通过objc_msgSend进行调用的,所以有以下特点
    如果子类没有实现+initialize,会调用父类的+initialize(所以父类的+initialize可能会被调用多次)
    如果分类实现了+initialize,就覆盖类本身的+initialize调用

面试题:

load、initialize方法的区别什么?它们在category中的调用的顺序?以及出现继承时他们之间的调用过程?
1.调用方式
1> load是根据函数地址直接调用
2> initialize是通过objc_msgSend调用

2.调用时刻
1> load是runtime加载类、分类的时候调用(只会调用1次)
2> initialize是类第一次接收到消息的时候调用,每一个类只会initialize一次(父类的initialize方法可能会被调用多次)

load、initialize的调用顺序?
1.load
1> 先调用类的load
a) 先编译的类,优先调用load
b) 调用子类的load之前,会先调用父类的load

2> 再调用分类的load
a) 先编译的分类,优先调用load

2.initialize
1> 先初始化父类
2> 再初始化子类(可能最终调用的是父类的initialize方法)

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