oracle非归档模（noarchive)式下冷备与恢复
生产中的数据库模式都是archivelog模式，noarchivelog 一定不能使用在生产数据库中，看了网上的资料做了一次关于noarchivelog模式下的冷备与恢复操作；实验的数据库对象为 undosql数据库；
用oracle用户连接数据库，
[oracle@data /]$ env |grep ORA
ORACLE_SID=undosql
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
[oracle@data /]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> archive log list;
Database log modeNoArchive Mode //非归档模式
Automatic archivalDisabled
Archive destinationUSE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence1
Current log sequence3
SQL> select name from v$database;
NAME
---------
UNDOSQL //数据库名字为undosql
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>
关闭数据库，原来的数据文件存放在/u01/app/oracle/oradata下
[oracle@dataoradata]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/oradata
[oracle@data oradata]$ ll
total 8
drwxr-x--- 2 oracle oinstall 4096 May 1520:11 orcl
drwxr-x--- 2 oracle oinstall 4096 May 16 08:57 undosql
一、我们在/u01/app/oracle下建立一个和backup目录（可以随便取名字，但是要拥有oracle权限），先把oradata下undosql数据库的的所有数据拷贝到该目录下作为备份，用cp命令
[oracle@data backup]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/undosql/* .
undosql数据库的口令文件和spfiel文件 不需要拷贝，假设这些文件放在另外一个磁盘的目录中；
[oracle@data oracle]$ cd oradata///把undosql的数据库该个名字模拟磁盘损坏；
[oracle@data oradata]$ ll
total 8
drwxr-x--- 2 oracle oinstall 4096 May 1520:11 orcl
drwxr-x--- 2 oracle oinstall 4096 May 1608:57 undosql
[oracle@data oradata]$ mv undosql/undosql.bak
我们现在假设存放数据库文件的磁盘oradata损坏了，undosql数据库不能启动了，要把原先备份在backup中的数据库恢复到另外一个磁盘neworadata磁盘下（新加的磁盘），
二、添加一块磁盘，挂在到系统中neworadata目录；
[root@data dev]# ll sd*
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,0 May 16 09:08 sda
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,1 May 16 09:09 sda1
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,2 May 16 09:08 sda2
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,3 May 16 09:09 sda3
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 16 May 16 09:08 sdb
[root@data dev]# fdisk sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOSpartition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes willremain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that,of course, the previous
content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partitiontable 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
eextended
pprimary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-652, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK(1-652, default 652):
Using default value 652
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@data dev]# ll sd*
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,0 May 16 09:08 sda
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,1 May 16 09:09 sda1
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,2 May 16 09:08 sda2
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,3 May 16 09:09 sda3
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 16 May 16 10:00sdb
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 17 May 16 10:00sdb1
[root@data dev]# mkfs.ext3 sdb1
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
655360 inodes, 1309289 blocks
65464 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the superuser
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280
40 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments pergroup
16384 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystemaccounting information: done
This filesystem will be automaticallychecked every 30 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.Use tune2fs -c or -i to overrid
[root@data dev]# mount /dev/sdb1/u01/app/oracle/neworadata //把新加的磁盘挂在到neworadata目录下；
[root@data dev]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/neworadata //修改权限
在/etc/fstab中追加一行
/dev/sdb1/u01/app/oracle/neworadataext3defaults0 0
~
[root@data dev]# df -Th
[root@data ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 ext3 27G 15G 11G 59% /
/dev/sda1 ext3 99M 22M 72M 24% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 1002M 480M 522M 48% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb1 ext3 5.0G 128M 3.1G 34% /u01/app/oracle/neworadata
三、从备份文件拷贝到neworadata目录下
[oracle@data oracle]$ cp -Rf/u01/app/oracle/backup/* /u01/app/oracle/neworadata
四、登录数据库，这时候肯定是不会启动成功，我们要修改参数文件和控制文件中指定的文件；
4.1、[oracle@data oracle]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production onThu May 16 10:50:59 201
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.All rights reserved.
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> create pfile from spfile; //创建pfile文件；
File created.
在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录下可以看到pfile文件
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall946 May 16 13:05 initundosql.ora
4.2、编辑pfile文件（initundosql.ora）重新指定控制文件的新路径路径
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/neworadata/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/undosql/control02.ctl'
4.3、保存退出，在切换到oracle下，生成新的spfile文件，
SQL>create spfile from pfil
File created.
4.4、接下来修改稿控制文件里面的信息：把数据库加载到mount状态
SQL>startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area835104768 bytes
Fixed Size2217952 bytes
Variable Size499124256 bytes
Database Buffers331350016 bytes
Redo Buffers2412544 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> desc v$datafile;
SQL> col name format a50
SQL> select file#,name from v$datafile;
FILE# NAME
------------------------------------------------------------
1/u01/app/oracle/oradata/undosql/system01.dbf
2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/undosql/sysaux01.dbf
3/u01/app/oracle/oradata/undosql/undotbs01.dbf
4/u01/app/oracle/oradata/undosql/users01.dbf
5/u01/app/oracle/oradata/undosql/example01.dbf
修改这些文件的路径名称，指定到新的目录下面；
SQL> alter database rename file'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/undosql/system01.dbf' to'/u01/app/oracle/neworadata/system01.dbf';
Database altered.
SQL> alter database rename file'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/undosql/sysaux01.dbf' to'/u01/app/oracle/neworadata/sysaux01.dbf';
Database altered.
SQL> alter database rename file'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/undosql/undotbs01.dbf' to'/u01/app/oracle/neworadata/undotbs01.dbf';
Database altered.
SQL> alter database rename file'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/undosql/users01.dbf' to'/u01/app/oracle/neworadata/users01.dbf';
Database altered.
SQL> alter database rename file'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/undosql/example01.dbf' to'/u01/app/oracle/neworadata/example01.dbf';
Database altered.
SQL> select file#,name from v$datafile;
FILE# NAME
------------------------------------------------------------
1 /u01/app/oracle/neworadata/system01.dbf
2 /u01/app/oracle/neworadata/sysaux01.dbf
3 /u01/app/oracle/neworadata/undotbs01.dbf
4 /u01/app/oracle/neworadata/users01.dbf
5 /u01/app/oracle/neworadata/example01.dbf
修改成功
4.5、修改临时文件：
SQL> desc v$tempfile;
NameNull?Type
------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------
FILE#NUMBER
CREATION_CHANGE#NUMBER
CREATION_TIMEDATE
TS#NUMBER
RFILE#NUMBER
STATUSVARCHAR2(7)
ENABLEDVARCHAR2(10)
BYTESNUMBER
BLOCKSNUMBER
CREATE_BYTESNUMBER
BLOCK_SIZENUMBER
NAMEVARCHAR2(513)
SQL> select file#,name from v$tempfile;
FILE# NAME
------------------------------------------------------------
1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/undosql/temp01.dbf
SQL> alter database rename file'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/undosql/temp01.dbf' to'/u01/app/oracle/neworadata/temp01.dbf';
Database altered.
4.6、修改联机重做日志文件：
SQL> desc v$logfile;
NameNull?Type
------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------
GROUP#NUMBER
STATUSVARCHAR2(7)
TYPEVARCHAR2(7)
MEMBERVARCHAR2(513)
IS_RECOVERY_DEST_FILEVARCHAR2(3)
SQL> col member format a50
SQL> select group#,member fromv$logfile;
GROUP# MEMBER
------------------------------------------------------------
3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/undosql/redo03.log
2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/undosql/redo02.log
1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/undosql/redo01.log
SQL> alter database rename file'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/undosql/redo03.log' to'/u01/app/oracle/neworadata/redo03.log';
Database altered.
SQL> alter database rename file'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/undosql/redo02.log' to'/u01/app/oracle/neworadata/redo02.log';
Database altered.
SQL> alter database rename file'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/undosql/redo01.log' to'/u01/app/oracle/neworadata/redo01.log';
Database altered.
确认所有的文件都指定到新的文件路下；然后加载到open状态，如果能够加载成功，说明数据库已经恢复过来了；
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
总的思路来说，在Noarchive模型下，要全备数据库只能做冷备，要恢复的话只能是恢复到之前冷备的时间，之后的数据是不能够恢复的，所以在生产数据库中，是不用noarchive模式的；以上的实验结果是看了网上的资料做的；写下来做个记录；和大家分享一下；