linux-磁盘分区

   实验目标

• 为虚拟机添加一块80GB、SCSI接口的硬盘

• 划分2个20GB的主分区，剩余作为扩展分区

• 新建2个逻辑分区，分别为2GB、10GB

• 将第1个逻辑分区的类型改为SWAP（ID82）

• 将第2个逻辑分区的类型改为VFAT（ID b）

• 确认分区无误后，保存退出

• 使用partprobe识别新的分区表     【最好是重启一次】

实验步骤

1）为虚拟机添加一块80GB、SCSI接口的硬盘

[root@localhost~]# fdisk -l                    //列表查看磁盘分区-默认如果没有给出设备，那么使用那些在/proc/partitions （如果存在）提到的，重启后新的磁盘会被读入该文件//

 

Disk/dev/sda: 85.8 GB, 85899345920 bytes

255heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders

Units =cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

 

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks  Id  System

/dev/sda1   *          1          13      104391  83  Linux

/dev/sda2              14        2563   20482875   83  Linux

/dev/sda3            2564        2824    2096482+  82  Linux swap / Solaris

 

Disk/dev/sdb: 85.8 GB, 85899345920 bytes

255heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders

Units =cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

 

Disk/dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table    //系统提示该磁盘不包含有效分区表，需要进行分区//

[root@localhost~]# cat/proc/partitions                //来查看一下这个分区信息文件，sdb设备文件在里面//

majorminor  #blocks  name

 

   8    0   83886080 sda

   8    1     104391 sda1

   8    2   20482875 sda2

   8    3    2096482 sda3

   8   16   83886080 sdb

 

2）划分2个20GB的主分区，剩余作为扩展分区（分区操作）

[root@localhost~]# fdisk /dev/sdb               //fdisk直接接设备文件，开始规划分区，进入交互式操作//

Devicecontains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

Buildinga new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,

untilyou decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous

contentwon't be recoverable.

 

 

Thenumber of cylinders for this disk is set to 10443.（这块磁盘有10443个柱面）

Thereis nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,

andcould in certain setups cause problems with:

1)software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)

2)booting and partitioning software from other OSs

   (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

Warning:invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

 

Command(m for help): m

Commandaction

   a  toggle a bootable flag

   b  edit bsd disklabel

   c  toggle the dos compatibility flag

   d   delete a partition             ----删除一个分区

   l  list known partition types

   m  print this menu                    ----列出帮助命令

   n   add a new partition            ----创建一个新分区

   o  create a new empty DOS partition table

   p  print the partition table        ----显示分区表

   q   quit without savingchanges            ----不保存修改直接退出（整个交互过程是模拟，还没有生效，允许撤销）

   s  create a new empty Sun disklabel

   t   change a partition'ssystem id             ----修改分区系统ID（不同的文件系统）

   u  change display/entry units

   v  verify the partition table

   w   write table to disk andexit               ----保存并退出（一定要想好哦^_^）

   x  extra functionality (experts only)

 

Command(m for help): n            //开始创建新分区//

Commandaction

   e   extended                                             ----创建扩展分区

   p   primary partition (1-4)             ----创建主分区

P 

Partitionnumber (1-4): 1                  ----分区编号（可以划分4个主分区，按正常顺序往下延）

Firstcylinder (1-10443, default 1):             ----第一个柱面，默认从第一个开始，直接回车，往下顺延

Usingdefault value 1

Lastcylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-10443, default 10443): +20G          ----选择最后一个柱面，或者直接指定该分区大小，这里输入+20G回车

Command(m for help): n                    ----以下过程类似，不再赘述

Commandaction

   e  extended

   p  primary partition (1-4)

p

Partitionnumber (1-4): 2

First cylinder(2434-10443, default 2434):

Usingdefault value 2434

Lastcylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (2434-10443, default 10443): +20G

Command(m for help): n                   ----接下来创建扩展分区，除了上述的两个主分区，剩余的空间全部归它所有

Commandaction

   e  extended

   p   primary partition (1-4)

e

Partitionnumber (1-4): 3

Firstcylinder (4867-10443, default 4867):

Usingdefault value 4867

Lastcylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (4867-10443, default 10443):

Usingdefault value 10443

3）新建2个逻辑分区，分别为2GB、10GB

Command(m for help): n

Commandaction

   l   logical (5 or over)

   p  primary partition (1-4)

l

Firstcylinder (4867-10443, default 4867):

Usingdefault value 4867

Lastcylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (4867-10443, default 10443): +2G

 

Command(m for help): n

Commandaction

   l  logical (5 or over)

   p  primary partition (1-4)

l

Firstcylinder (5111-10443, default 5111):

Usingdefault value 5111

Lastcylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (5111-10443, default 10443): +10G

4）将第1个逻辑分区的类型改为SWAP（ID 82）

Command(m for help): t

Partitionnumber (1-6): 5

Hexcode (type L to list codes): l

 

 0 Empty           1e  Hidden W95 FAT1 80  Old Minix       bf Solaris       

 1 FAT12           24  NEC DOS         81 Minix / old Lin c1  DRDOS/sec(FAT-

 2  XENIXroot      39  Plan 9          82  Linux swap / So c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-

 3  XENIXusr       3c  PartitionMagic  83 Linux           c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-

 4  FAT16<32M      40  Venix 80286     84 OS/2 hidden C:  c7  Syrinx        

 5 Extended        41  PPC PReP Boot   85 Linux extended  da  Non-FS data   

 6 FAT16           42  SFS             86 NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS /.

 7 HPFS/NTFS       4d  QNX4.x          87 NTFS volume set de  DellUtility  

 8 AIX             4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 88  Linux plaintext df  BootIt        

 9  AIXbootable    4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 8e  Linux LVM       e1 DOS access    

 a  OS/2Boot Manag 50  OnTrack DM      93 Amoeba          e3  DOS R/O       

 b  W95 FAT32      51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 94  Amoeba BBT      e4  SpeedStor     

 c  W95FAT32 (LBA) 52  CP/M            9f BSD/OS          eb  BeOS fs       

 e  W95FAT16 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a0  IBM Thinkpad hi ee  EFI GPT       

 f  W95Ext'd (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a5 FreeBSD         ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/

10  OPUS            55 EZ-Drive        a6  OpenBSD         f0 Linux/PA-RISC b

11  Hidden FAT12    56 Golden Bow      a7  NeXTSTEP        f1 SpeedStor     

12  Compaq diagnost 5c  Priam Edisk     a8 Darwin UFS      f4  SpeedStor     

14  Hidden FAT16 <3 61  SpeedStor       a9 NetBSD          f2  DOS secondary 

16  Hidden FAT16    63 GNU HURD or Sys ab  Darwinboot     fb  VMware VMFS   

17  Hidden HPFS/NTF 64  Novell Netware  b7 BSDI fs         fc  VMware VMKCORE

18  AST SmartSleep  65 Novell Netware  b8  BSDI swap       fd Linux raid auto

1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 70  DiskSecure Mult bb  Boot Wizard hid fe  LANstep       

1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           be Solaris boot    ff  BBT           

Hexcode (type L to list codes): 82

Changedsystem type of partition 5 to 82 (Linux swap / Solaris)

5）将第2个逻辑分区的类型改为VFAT（ID b）

Command(m for help): t

Partitionnumber (1-6): 6

Hexcode (type L to list codes): b

Changedsystem type of partition 6 to b (W95 FAT32)

6）确认分区无误后，保存退出

Command(m for help): w

Thepartition table has been altered!             ----该分区表已经被更改!

 

Callingioctl() to re-read partition table.

 

WARNING:If you have created or modified any DOS 6.x

partitions,please see the fdisk manual page for additional

information.

Syncingdisks.

 7）使用partprobe识别新的分区表        【最好是重启一次】

创建分区后，这些分区表还没有生效，最好通过重启读取这些分区表，系统才能使用,也可以使用以下命令:

Partprobe  /dev/sdb               //强制刷新分区表//    --RHEL5系列

[root@localhost~]# partprobe/dev/sdb            //强制刷新分区表,使系统能够识别//

结果验证

[root@localhost~]# fdisk -l

 

Disk /dev/sda:85.8 GB, 85899345920 bytes

255heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders

Units =cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

 

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks  Id  System

/dev/sda1   *          1          13      104391  83  Linux

/dev/sda2              14        2563   20482875   83  Linux

/dev/sda3            2564        2824    2096482+  82  Linux swap / Solaris

 

Disk/dev/sdb: 85.8 GB,85899345920 bytes

255heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders

Units =cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

 

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks  Id  System

/dev/sdb1               1        2433   19543041   83  Linux

/dev/sdb2            2434        4866   19543072+  83  Linux

/dev/sdb3            4867       10443   44797252+   5  Extended

/dev/sdb5            4867        5110    1959898+  82  Linux swap/ Solaris

/dev/sdb6            5111        6327    9775521    b  W95 FAT32