使用强类型的ViewData好处有许多,比如说在IDE中就会有更好的支持,比如代码提示。同时在View与Controller之间有更严谨的“约定”。在Suteki.Shop项目中作者对强类型的ViewPage引入是通过MvcContrib实现的,下面就是其ViewPage<T>代码(Suteki.Shop\Views\ViewPage.cs):
public
class
ViewPage
<
T
>
: MvcContrib.FluentHtml.ModelViewPage
<
T
>
where
T :
class
{
public
ViewPage() :
base
(
new
LowercaseFirstCharacterOfNameBehaviour())
{}
}
public
class
ViewUserControl
<
T
>
: MvcContrib.FluentHtml.ModelViewUserControl
<
T
>
where
T :
class
{
public
ViewUserControl() :
base
(
new
LowercaseFirstCharacterOfNameBehaviour())
{}
}
可以看出ViewPage和ViewUserControl只是对MvcContrib中ModelViewPage,ModelViewUserControl的继承,代码很简单,没什么太多可说的。
强类型的ViewData使用形如:ViewPage<TViewData>,我们可以通过打开一个View看一下,比如“编辑用户信息”时的视图头声明部分:
<%
@ Page Title
=
""
Language
=
"
C#
"
Inherits
=
"
Suteki.Shop.ViewPage<ShopViewData>
"
其中的ShopViewData就是TViewData。在Suteki.Shop中作者使用ShopViewData对Model中大部分类作了相应的属性和数据绑定的统一封装,感觉ShopViewData就是Model的集合体或者是“缩影”,这样的好处就我看来主要是在View中进行强类型ViewData绑定时统一参数,这里感觉有偷懒之嫌。不过因此造成其自身视图数据的“庸肿”,其内部有太多的属性,还是就是绑定传递时的效率可能也会存在一些问题(只是猜测,未测试过,呵呵)。
好了,下面就开始正文。
首先我们要看一下Suteki.Common\ViewData文件夹下面的几个类,包括:
IErrorViewData,IMessageViewData,ViewDataBase等,其类图如下:
从图中看出,ViewDataBase是其体系“核心”, 其实现了 IMessageViewData, IErrorViewData这两个接口。其实体代码如下:
public
abstract
class
ViewDataBase : IMessageViewData, IErrorViewData
{
public
string
Message {
get
;
set
; }
public
string
ErrorMessage {
get
;
set
; }
public
ViewDataBase WithErrorMessage(
string
errorMessage)
{
this
.ErrorMessage
=
errorMessage;
return
this
;
}
public
ViewDataBase WithMessage(
string
message)
{
this
.Message
=
message;
return
this
;
}
}
该抽象类的属性Message,ErrorMessage分别实现了IMessageViewData和IErrorViewData的接口属性。主要 用于显示临时操作信息(比如“成功添加用户”,“成功编辑用户”等)。其所提供的两个方法“WithErrorMessage” 和“WithMessage”只是对相应属性的简单绑定而已。
有了ViewDataBase之后,下面就来看一下其子类实现了,下面是相应类图:
正如前面所介绍的那样,子类中最“重要”的当属“ShopViewData”,其包括了基本所有Model中的类型,并将它们以“属性”的方法提供出来以便于前台View使用,同时ShopViewData还提供了与其属性相关的绑定方法(均以“With...”开头),下面就是其代码。
Code
public class ShopViewData : ViewDataBase
{
public Category Category { get; set; }
public IEnumerable<Category> Categories { get; set; }
public Product Product { get; set; }
public IEnumerable<Product> Products { get; set; }
public IEnumerable<Role> Roles { get; set; }
public User User { get; set; }
public IEnumerable<User> Users { get; set; }
public Basket Basket { get; set; }
public Order Order { get; set; }
public PagedList<Order> Orders { get; set; }
public OrderSearchCriteria OrderSearchCriteria { get; set; }
public IEnumerable<Country> Countries { get; set; }
public Country Country { get; set; }
public IEnumerable<CardType> CardTypes { get; set; }
public Postage Postage { get; set; }
public IEnumerable<Postage> Postages { get; set; }
public PostageResult PostageResult { get; set; }
public Card Card { get; set; }
public IEnumerable<StockItem> StockItems { get; set; }
public IEnumerable<Content> Contents { get; set; }
public IEnumerable<OrderStatus> OrderStatuses { get; set; }
// attempt at a fluent interface
public ShopViewData WithCategory(Category category)
{
this.Category = category;
return this;
}
public ShopViewData WithCategories(IEnumerable<Category> categories)
{
this.Categories = categories;
return this;
}
public ShopViewData WithProduct(Product product)
{
this.Product = product;
return this;
}
public ShopViewData WithProducts(IEnumerable<Product> products)
{
this.Products = products;
return this;
}
public ShopViewData WithRoles(IEnumerable<Role> roles)
{
this.Roles = roles;
return this;
}
public ShopViewData WithUser(User user)
{
this.User = user;
return this;
}
public ShopViewData WithUsers(IEnumerable<User> users)
{
this.Users = users;
return this;
}
public ShopViewData WithBasket(Basket basket)
{
this.Basket = basket;
return this;
}
public ShopViewData WithOrders(PagedList<Order> orders)
{
this.Orders = orders;
return this;
}
public ShopViewData WithOrder(Order order)
{
this.Order = order;
return this;
}
public ShopViewData WithOrderSearchCriteria(OrderSearchCriteria orderSearchCriteria)
{
this.OrderSearchCriteria = orderSearchCriteria;
return this;
}
public ShopViewData WithCountries(IEnumerable<Country> countries)
{
this.Countries = countries;
return this;
}
public ShopViewData WithCountry(Country country)
{
this.Country = country;
return this;
}
public ShopViewData WithCardTypes(IEnumerable<CardType> cardTypes)
{
this.CardTypes = cardTypes;
return this;
}
public ShopViewData WithPostage(Postage postage)
{
this.Postage = postage;
return this;
}
public ShopViewData WithPostages(IEnumerable<Postage> postages)
{
this.Postages = postages;
return this;
}
public ShopViewData WithTotalPostage(PostageResult postageResult)
{
this.PostageResult = postageResult;
return this;
}
public ShopViewData WithCard(Card card)
{
this.Card = card;
return this;
}
public ShopViewData WithStockItems(IEnumerable<StockItem> stockItems)
{
this.StockItems = stockItems;
return this;
}
public ShopViewData WithContents(IEnumerable<Content> contents)
{
this.Contents = contents;
return this;
}
public ShopViewData WithOrderStatuses(IEnumerable<OrderStatus> orderStatuses)
{
this.OrderStatuses = orderStatuses;
return this;
}
}
为了便于使用,Suteki.Shop还以静态属性的方式进行了封闭,最终以ShopView这个类开放出来提供给Action和View使用,其实现代码如下:
///
<summary>
///
So you can write
///
ShopView.Data.WithProducts(myProducts);
///
</summary>
public
class
ShopView
{
public
static
ShopViewData Data {
get
{
return
new
ShopViewData(); } }
}
下面以“编辑用户”这个Action来看一下其使用方法:
[AcceptVerbs(HttpVerbs.Post), UnitOfWork]
public
ActionResult Edit([DataBind] User user,
string
password)
{
if
(
!
string
.IsNullOrEmpty(password))
{
user.Password
=
userService.HashPassword(password);
}
try
{
user.Validate();
}
catch
(ValidationException validationException)
{
validationException.CopyToModelState(ModelState,
"
user
"
);
return
View(
"
Edit
"
, EditViewData.WithUser(user));
}
return
View(
"
Edit
"
, EditViewData.WithUser(user).WithMessage(
"
Changes have been saved
"
));
}
注意其中的EditViewData属性就是初始化一个ShopViewData实例并调用该实例的WithRoles()方法来完成对用户规则的获取。然后在"Edit"这个Action的返回语句中继续绑定其他信息,如当前编辑的用户信息“user”,以及操作提示信息“Changes have been saved”。
这样就可以在View中对ShopViewData进行显示操作了。这里要说明的是在View中对Message的显示是通过下面这一行完成的:
<%
=
Html.MessageBox(ViewData.Model)
%>
而这个方法是对HtmlHelper这个MVC类的扩展方法,其方法定义如下:
public
static
string
MessageBox(
this
HtmlHelper htmlHelper, IMessageViewData messageViewData)
{
if
(messageViewData.Message
==
null
)
return
string
.Empty;
HtmlTextWriter writer
=
new
HtmlTextWriter(
new
StringWriter());
writer.AddAttribute(
"
class
"
,
"
message
"
);
writer.RenderBeginTag(HtmlTextWriterTag.Div);
writer.Write(messageViewData.Message);
writer.RenderEndTag();
return
writer.InnerWriter.ToString();
}
大家看到了其传入的参数是IMessageViewData类型,而传入的是“ShopViewData”类型,如下图所示:
而看过上面内容的话,就可以通过其类图中实现的方法看出这个继承实现链表:
ShopViewData ==> ViewDataBase == > IMessageViewData
所以扩展文法直接就完成了这种“向上转型”操作。
除了“编辑用户”这种在Action中直接绑定Message字段属性的方式,Suteki.Shop还提供了Filter方式的“操作信息”绑定,比如
CopyMessageFromTempDataToViewData(Suteki.Shop\Filters),其代码如下:
public
class
CopyMessageFromTempDataToViewData : ActionFilterAttribute
{
public
override
void
OnActionExecuted(ActionExecutedContext filterContext)
{
var result
=
filterContext.Result
as
ViewResult;
if
(result
!=
null
&&
filterContext.Controller.TempData.ContainsKey(
"
message
"
))
{
var model
=
result.ViewData.Model
as
ShopViewData;
if
(model
!=
null
&&
string
.IsNullOrEmpty(model.Message))
{
model.Message
=
filterContext.Controller.TempData[
"
message
"
]
as
string
;
}
}
}
}
大家请注意,上面的filterContext.Controller类型是ControllerBase(详细说明参见我之前写的这篇文章),其提供了Message属性来实现临时数据TempData["message"]的获取来绑定工作,代码如下:
[Rescue(
"
Default
"
), Authenticate, CopyMessageFromTempDataToViewData]
public
abstract
class
ControllerBase : Controller, IProvidesBaseService
{
public
string
Message
{
get
{
return
TempData[
"
message
"
]
as
string
; }
set
{ TempData[
"
message
"
]
=
value; }
}
}
这样就可以通过CopyMessageFromTempDataToViewData这个Filter来实现将临时数据绑定到ShopViewData中的Message属性,并提供给前台View使用了。当然这是有条件的,就是上面代码中的这一行:
if
(model
!=
null
&&
string
.IsNullOrEmpty(model.Message))
从逻辑上看,这样做应该是防止对已绑定操作信息(model.Message不为空)进行“误覆盖”吧。
好了,今天的内容就先到这里了。