【LeetCode】326. Power of Three (优雅的数学解法)

Question

Given an integer, write a function to determine if it is a power of three.

Follow up:
Could you do it without using any loop / recursion?

Solution

This can be generalized for any 【prime】 number n.
Lets say we have 2 number m & n.

If m is a power of n then for any number p,
    1.  For all p<=m
    2.  m%p = 0 if and only if p is also a power of n

We can use this concept here also. In this case n=3 and m is largest 32bit signed integer which is power of 3, i.e. 1162261467.

bool isPowerOfThree(int p) {
        return  p>0 && 1162261467%p == 0 ;
}

特别注意,上面解法只适用于素数。

另外有一些其他解法:

3的倍数在int范围内是有限的,所以可以打表,用hash_map来查找。

Another question

231.Power of Two

Given an integer, write a function to determine if it is a power of two.

Solution

解法1:

跟上面那题同理,2的power也满足该定理:

    bool isPowerOfTwo(int n) {
        return (n > 0) && (!(2147483648%n)); //2147483648 = 2^31
    }

解法2:

从n的二进制角度看,如果n是2的power,那么n的二进制表示中有且仅有一个1位。

如果判断这个1位?

只需要判断 n&(n-1) 是否为0,如果是,则说明n中只有一个1位。

    bool isPowerOfTwo(int n) {
        return n>0 && !(n&(n-1));
    }

这种解法更加高明,位运算很快,而且充分利用了二进制的性质。

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