oracle 管理学习笔记1—— oracle 体系结构概论

oracle 管理学习笔记1—— oracle 体系结构概论

1 An oracle server consists of an oracle instance ans oracle database
2 startup nomount      (allocate physical memory)
  alter database mount (control file)
  alter database open  (data file and log file)
3 instance memory strusture
           background process
  database--data file
            log file
            control file
4 an oracle instance
  is a means to access an oracle database
  alwary opens one and only one database
  consists of memory and process structures
5 show sga
  select * from v$bgprocess;
  select * from where v$bgprocess where paddr<>'00'列出必须的后台进程
6 connection to an oracle instance consists of establishing a user connection and creating a session
 user process   server process
7 an oracle database is collection that is treated as a unti
  consist s of thress file types data file control file log file
8 the physical structure of an oracle database is determined by the orpertion system file
  that provide the actual
 
 select * from v$controlfile(列出所有控制文件)
 select * from v$datafile   （列出说数据文件）

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 select * from v$logfile    （列出所有日志文件）

9memory structure
 oracle menory structure consists of two menory areas known as
 sga and pga(程序全局区2)
10 The SGA consists of several menory structures:
     shared pool
     Database buffer cache
     redo log buffer
 there are two optional menory structure than can be configured within the SGA
    large pool
    java pool
11 SGA
   show parameter shared (列出系统全局区的参数设置)
   show parameter db_cache(列出系统数据库缓存参数设置)
   SGA is dynamic an d sized using SGA_MAX_SIZE,调整各个部分值的总合不能超过SGA_MAX_SIZE
  
   alter session set nls_lanage=american
   alter system set db_cache_size=64m
  
12 Share Pool
  Share pool is used to store the most recently executed SQL statement s and the the most recently
  used data definitions
    it consists of two key performance related memory structure
     －library cache
     －Data dictionary cache
    it sized by the parameter share_pool_size
    alter system set share_pool_size=64
13 libray cache
   The libray cache stores information about the most recently used sql and pl/sql statement
      1)Enable the shreing of commonly used statments
        is managed by ta least recently used LRU
      2)consists of two structures
        shared sql area
        Shared Pl/SQL area
      3)Has its size determined by the shared pool sizing
14 Data Dictionary Cache
  The data dictionary cache is a collection of the most recently used definitions in the database
15 Database Buffer Cache
  1)The database buffer cache stores copies of data blocks that have been retrieved form the data files
  2)it enable great performace gains when you obtain and update data
  3)it is managered through a LRU
  4)DB_BLOCK_SIZE determines the primary block size
  5）show parameter db (列出db 中所有的参数)
  6）Consists of indepent sub-cache
    db_cache_size
    db_keep_cache_size
    db_recycle_cache_size
  7)Database buffer cache can by dynamically resize to grow or shrink using alter system
   alter system set db_cache_xiae=96m
  8)DB_CACHE_ADVICE can be set gater statistics for predictin different cache size behavior
  
   alter system set db_cache_advice=on ?
16 The redo log buffer
  The redo log buffer cache records all changes made to the database data block
  1)its primary perpose is recovery
  2)change record within are called redo entries
  3)redo entries contain information to reconstruct or redo changes
  4)size is defined by log_buffer
17 large Pool
  the loarge pool is an optional area of memory in the SGA
  1)it relivere the burden placed on the shared pool
  2)this configured memory area is used for sesion memory(UGA) ,
   i/o slavers and backup and restore operation
  3) the large pool does not use an LRU list
  show parameter log_buffer
18 Process Structure
  Oracle takes advantage of various types of
processes:
  1) User process :Started at the time a database user requests connection to the oracle server
  2) Serer process connects to the oracle instance and is started when a user establishes a session
  3) background process available when an oracle instance is started
19 user process
 A suer process is a program that requests interaction with the oracle server
   1)it must first establish a connection
  2) it does not interact directly with the oracle
20 Server Process
  Aserver process is a program that directly interacts with the oracle server
   1)it fulfills call generate and returns results
   2) can bi dedicated or shared server
21 DBWn write s when checkpoint, dirty buffers threshold reach, no free buffer,timeout ,tablespaxe
 offline,tablespacee read only ,table drop or turncate,tablspace begin backup
22 LGWR write
 at commit,went one third full,when threre is 1mb of redo ,every 3 seconds ,before DBWn writes
24 System Moritor,PMON
25 Checkpoint
   Responsible for signalling DBWn at checkpoints
   Updating datafile header with checkpoint information
26 Archiver ARCn
 optional background process automaticall archives online redo logs when ARCHIVELOG mode is set
 Preserves the record of all changes made to database
27 Lpgoca; Structure
  The logical structure of the oracle architecture dictates how the physical space of a database is to be
  sued
  A hierarchy seists in this structure that consists of tablespaces ,segments ,extents and blocks