AM335x(TQ335x)学习笔记——Nand&&网卡驱动移植
移植完成声卡驱动之后本想再接再励，移植网卡驱动，但没想到的是TI维护的内核太健壮，移植网卡驱动跟之前移植按键驱动一样简单，Nand驱动也是如此，于是，本人将Nand和网卡放在同一篇文章中介绍。介绍之前先感慨一下：TI的维护的内核真的很健壮，DTS真的很强大。
1. Nand驱动移植
阅读TQ335x的原理图可知，TQ335x的Nand连接到了GPMC上，且与DTS中默认的配置吻合，此处不做任何修改，详情如下：
nandflash_pins_s0: nandflash_pins_s0 {
pinctrl-single,pins = <
0x0 (PIN_INPUT_PULLUP | MUX_MODE0) /* gpmc_ad0.gpmc_ad0 */
0x4 (PIN_INPUT_PULLUP | MUX_MODE0) /* gpmc_ad1.gpmc_ad1 */
0x8 (PIN_INPUT_PULLUP | MUX_MODE0) /* gpmc_ad2.gpmc_ad2 */
0xc (PIN_INPUT_PULLUP | MUX_MODE0) /* gpmc_ad3.gpmc_ad3 */
0x10 (PIN_INPUT_PULLUP | MUX_MODE0) /* gpmc_ad4.gpmc_ad4 */
0x14 (PIN_INPUT_PULLUP | MUX_MODE0) /* gpmc_ad5.gpmc_ad5 */
0x18 (PIN_INPUT_PULLUP | MUX_MODE0) /* gpmc_ad6.gpmc_ad6 */
0x1c (PIN_INPUT_PULLUP | MUX_MODE0) /* gpmc_ad7.gpmc_ad7 */
0x70 (PIN_INPUT_PULLUP | MUX_MODE0) /* gpmc_wait0.gpmc_wait0 */
0x74 (PIN_INPUT_PULLUP | MUX_MODE7) /* gpmc_wpn.gpio0_30 */
0x7c (PIN_OUTPUT | MUX_MODE0) /* gpmc_csn0.gpmc_csn0 */
0x90 (PIN_OUTPUT | MUX_MODE0) /* gpmc_advn_ale.gpmc_advn_ale */
0x94 (PIN_OUTPUT | MUX_MODE0) /* gpmc_oen_ren.gpmc_oen_ren */
0x98 (PIN_OUTPUT | MUX_MODE0) /* gpmc_wen.gpmc_wen */
0x9c (PIN_OUTPUT | MUX_MODE0) /* gpmc_be0n_cle.gpmc_be0n_cle */
>;
};
直接编译内核，并放到开发板上运行。这时我们会发现内核可以识别Nand，但是因为没有开启OMAP的BCH功能会报一处错误。开启该配置项的方法如下：
Device Drivers ---> <*> Memory Technology Device (MTD) support ---> <*> NAND Device Support ---> <*> Support hardware based BCH error correction保存配置并退出menuconfig，然后重新编译内核并放到开发板上运行，此时会发现内核已经可以正常识别Nand了，完整的启动Log会在文章末尾给出。从这里可以看出，TI的内核维护的真的很不错，比以前移植三星芯片时省事很多。
2. 网卡驱动移植
进行网卡驱动移植的方法与进行Nand驱动移植的方法相同，逻辑上讲，先应该去确认下网卡的引脚连接并在DTS中进行相应的pinmux设置，但是，移植完Nand后查看内核的启动Log可知，网卡已经正常识别了，因此，可以直接执行指令：
udhcpc来动态获取ip（需要将开发板通过网线连接到路由器并开启路由器的DHCP功能，默认一般是开启的），会发现开发板能够从路由器分配到IP，但是没有分配DNS，这是因为我们只做文件系统时没有进行dhcp的设置。设置方法很简单，将busybox中的examples/udhcp/simple.script拷贝到根文件系统的usr/share/udhcpc/目录下，并改名为default.script即可。然后重新执行：
udhcpc
会发现开发板可以正常获取到IP和DNS，但是仍有一处错误，详细如下：
@tq335x #udhcpc udhcpc (v1.22.1) started Setting IP address 0.0.0.0 on eth0 [ 11.489311] net eth0: initializing cpsw version 1.12 (0) [ 11.576237] net eth0: phy found : id is : 0x1cc915 [ 11.581418] libphy: PHY 4a101000.mdio:01 not found [ 11.586480] net eth0: phy 4a101000.mdio:01 not found on slave 1 Sending discover... [ 13.576458] cpsw 4a100000.ethernet eth0: Link is Up - 100Mbps/Full - flow control rx/tx Sending discover... Sending select for 192.168.0.103... Lease of 192.168.0.103 obtained, lease time 86400 Setting IP address 192.168.0.103 on eth0 Deleting routers route: SIOCDELRT: No such process Adding router 192.168.0.1 Recreating /etc/resolv.conf Adding DNS server 10.0.0.1参考TI官网提供的evm开发板的dts，本文对tq335x.dts做如下修改：
&mac {
slaves = <1>;
pinctrl-names = "default", "sleep";
pinctrl-0 = <&cpsw_default>;
pinctrl-1 = <&cpsw_sleep>;
status = "okay";
};
然后删除以下节点：
&cpsw_emac1 {
phy_id = <&davinci_mdio>, <1>;
phy-mode = "rgmii-txid";
};重新编译tq335x.dtb：
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- tq335x.dtb用新的tq335x.dtb启动开发板：
load mmc 0:1 0x88000000 /boot/tq335x.dtb load mmc 0:1 0x82000000 /boot/zImage bootz 0x82000000 - 0x88000000最后，再次使用指令：
udhcpc进行测试，会发现开发板能够正常获取IP和DNS。如果您的路由器已经连接到了外网，还可以使用ping指令测试与外网的连接，如ping谷歌的DNS服务器：
ping 8.8.8.8至此，就完成了TQ335x的Nand和网卡驱动移植，并不需要深入的了解其内部的工作原理，有问题可以留言讨论。如果想了解这两个模块的工作原理，强烈推荐韦东山老师的嵌入式教学视频，静下心来看的话，绝对物有所值。该视频还是需要一定的硬件和软件功底的，如果看不懂可以补习下C语言、基本原理图阅读等方面的知识。
3. 启动Log
完整的启动Log如下：
Starting kernel ... [ 0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0 [ 0.000000] Linux version 3.17.2 (lilianrong@smarter) (gcc version 4.7.3 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.7.3-12ubuntu1) ) #73 SMP Tue Dec 23 22:06:01 CST 2014 [ 0.000000] CPU: ARMv7 Processor [413fc082] revision 2 (ARMv7), cr=10c5387d [ 0.000000] CPU: PIPT / VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT aliasing instruction cache [ 0.000000] Machine model: TI AM335x EVM [ 0.000000] cma: Reserved 16 MiB at 9e800000 [ 0.000000] Memory policy: Data cache writeback [ 0.000000] HighMem zone: 1048574 pages exceeds freesize 0 [ 0.000000] CPU: All CPU(s) started in SVC mode. [ 0.000000] AM335X ES2.1 (sgx neon ) [ 0.000000] PERCPU: Embedded 9 pages/cpu @dfa99000 s14336 r8192 d14336 u36864 [ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 129792 [ 0.000000] Kernel command line: console=ttyO0,115200n8 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootfstype=ext3 rootwait [ 0.000000] PID hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes) [ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes) [ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes) [ 0.000000] Memory: 484108K/523264K available (6082K kernel code, 667K rwdata, 2448K rodata, 410K init, 8214K bss, 39156K reserved, 0K highmem) [ 0.000000] Virtual kernel memory layout: [ 0.000000] vector : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000 ( 4 kB) [ 0.000000] fixmap : 0xffc00000 - 0xffe00000 (2048 kB) [ 0.000000] vmalloc : 0xe0800000 - 0xff000000 ( 488 MB) [ 0.000000] lowmem : 0xc0000000 - 0xe0000000 ( 512 MB) [ 0.000000] pkmap : 0xbfe00000 - 0xc0000000 ( 2 MB) [ 0.000000] modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xbfe00000 ( 14 MB) [ 0.000000] .text : 0xc0008000 - 0xc085cc80 (8532 kB) [ 0.000000] .init : 0xc085d000 - 0xc08c3800 ( 410 kB) [ 0.000000] .data : 0xc08c4000 - 0xc096ac10 ( 668 kB) [ 0.000000] .bss : 0xc096ac10 - 0xc11707a0 (8215 kB) [ 0.000000] Hierarchical RCU implementation. [ 0.000000] RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=2 to nr_cpu_ids=1. [ 0.000000] RCU: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=16, nr_cpu_ids=1 [ 0.000000] NR_IRQS:16 nr_irqs:16 16 [ 0.000000] IRQ: Found an INTC at 0xfa200000 (revision 5.0) with 128 interrupts [ 0.000000] Total of 128 interrupts on 1 active controller [ 0.000000] OMAP clockevent source: timer2 at 24000000 Hz [ 0.000013] sched_clock: 32 bits at 24MHz, resolution 41ns, wraps every 178956969942ns [ 0.000062] OMAP clocksource: timer1 at 24000000 Hz [ 0.000794] Console: colour dummy device 80x30 [ 0.000846] Lock dependency validator: Copyright (c) 2006 Red Hat, Inc., Ingo Molnar [ 0.000855] ... MAX_LOCKDEP_SUBCLASSES: 8 [ 0.000863] ... MAX_LOCK_DEPTH: 48 [ 0.000870] ... MAX_LOCKDEP_KEYS: 8191 [ 0.000877] ... CLASSHASH_SIZE: 4096 [ 0.000884] ... MAX_LOCKDEP_ENTRIES: 32768 [ 0.000891] ... MAX_LOCKDEP_CHAINS: 65536 [ 0.000898] ... CHAINHASH_SIZE: 32768 [ 0.000906] memory used by lock dependency info: 5167 kB [ 0.000914] per task-struct memory footprint: 1152 bytes [ 0.000956] Calibrating delay loop... 996.14 BogoMIPS (lpj=4980736) [ 0.079052] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301 [ 0.079452] Security Framework initialized [ 0.079577] Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes) [ 0.079589] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes) [ 0.081767] CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok [ 0.082936] CPU0: thread -1, cpu 0, socket -1, mpidr 0 [ 0.083055] Setting up static identity map for 0x805c3270 - 0x805c32e0 [ 0.086292] Brought up 1 CPUs [ 0.086313] SMP: Total of 1 processors activated. [ 0.086323] CPU: All CPU(s) started in SVC mode. [ 0.088953] devtmpfs: initialized [ 0.097712] VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 3 part 30 variant c rev 3 [ 0.133428] omap_hwmod: tptc0 using broken dt data from edma [ 0.133784] omap_hwmod: tptc1 using broken dt data from edma [ 0.134117] omap_hwmod: tptc2 using broken dt data from edma [ 0.141998] omap_hwmod: debugss: _wait_target_disable failed [ 0.199949] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem [ 0.202465] regulator-dummy: no parameters [ 0.232121] NET: Registered protocol family 16 [ 0.240699] DMA: preallocated 256 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations [ 0.242951] cpuidle: using governor ladder [ 0.242981] cpuidle: using governor menu [ 0.254980] OMAP GPIO hardware version 0.1 [ 0.270240] omap-gpmc 50000000.gpmc: could not find pctldev for node /pinmux@44e10800/nandflash_pins_s0, deferring probe [ 0.270283] platform 50000000.gpmc: Driver omap-gpmc requests probe deferral [ 0.274806] hw-breakpoint: debug architecture 0x4 unsupported. [ 0.319718] edma-dma-engine edma-dma-engine.0: TI EDMA DMA engine driver [ 0.321050] vbat: 5000 mV [ 0.321878] lis3_reg: no parameters [ 0.325259] SCSI subsystem initialized [ 0.326052] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs [ 0.326223] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub [ 0.330168] usbcore: registered new device driver usb [ 0.330998] omap_i2c 44e0b000.i2c: could not find pctldev for node /pinmux@44e10800/pinmux_i2c0_pins, deferring probe [ 0.331037] platform 44e0b000.i2c: Driver omap_i2c requests probe deferral [ 0.331092] omap_i2c 4802a000.i2c: could not find pctldev for node /pinmux@44e10800/pinmux_i2c1_pins, deferring probe [ 0.331116] platform 4802a000.i2c: Driver omap_i2c requests probe deferral [ 0.332291] Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Initialized. [ 0.335642] Switched to clocksource timer1 [ 0.487189] NET: Registered protocol family 2 [ 0.489058] TCP established hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes) [ 0.489243] TCP bind hash table entries: 4096 (order: 5, 147456 bytes) [ 0.490606] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 4096 bind 4096) [ 0.490797] TCP: reno registered [ 0.490823] UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 2, 20480 bytes) [ 0.491013] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 2, 20480 bytes) [ 0.492039] NET: Registered protocol family 1 [ 0.493915] RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module. [ 0.493936] RPC: Registered udp transport module. [ 0.493946] RPC: Registered tcp transport module. [ 0.493955] RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module. [ 0.495229] hw perfevents: enabled with armv7_cortex_a8 PMU driver, 5 counters available [ 0.499735] futex hash table entries: 256 (order: 2, 16384 bytes) [ 0.504791] VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.5.2 [ 0.504950] Dquot-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order 0, 4096 bytes) [ 0.507753] NFS: Registering the id_resolver key type [ 0.508115] Key type id_resolver registered [ 0.508132] Key type id_legacy registered [ 0.508279] jffs2: version 2.2. (NAND) (SUMMARY) 漏 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc. [ 0.508729] msgmni has been set to 977 [ 0.513651] io scheduler noop registered [ 0.513685] io scheduler deadline registered [ 0.513753] io scheduler cfq registered (default) [ 0.516150] pinctrl-single 44e10800.pinmux: 142 pins at pa f9e10800 size 568 [ 0.521255] backlight supply power not found, using dummy regulator [ 0.524492] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing enabled [ 0.530892] omap_uart 44e09000.serial: no wakeirq for uart0 [ 0.531504] 44e09000.serial: ttyO0 at MMIO 0x44e09000 (irq = 88, base_baud = 3000000) is a OMAP UART0 [ 1.232153] console [ttyO0] enabled [ 1.241558] omap_rng 48310000.rng: OMAP Random Number Generator ver. 20 [ 1.249198] [drm] Initialized drm 1.1.0 20060810 [ 1.261409] [drm] Supports vblank timestamp caching Rev 2 (21.10.2013). [ 1.268521] [drm] No driver support for vblank timestamp query. [ 1.331152] Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 100x30 [ 1.342247] tilcdc 4830e000.lcdc: fb0: frame buffer device [ 1.348135] tilcdc 4830e000.lcdc: registered panic notifier [ 1.354036] [drm] Initialized tilcdc 1.0.0 20121205 on minor 0 [ 1.389964] brd: module loaded [ 1.408309] loop: module loaded [ 1.414443] mtdoops: mtd device (mtddev=name/number) must be supplied [ 1.425081] usbcore: registered new interface driver asix [ 1.430985] usbcore: registered new interface driver ax88179_178a [ 1.437512] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_ether [ 1.443772] usbcore: registered new interface driver smsc95xx [ 1.449928] usbcore: registered new interface driver net1080 [ 1.455981] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_subset [ 1.462281] usbcore: registered new interface driver zaurus [ 1.468354] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_ncm [ 1.476438] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_wdm [ 1.482554] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage [ 1.489102] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbtest [ 1.497261] mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice [ 1.508204] omap_rtc 44e3e000.rtc: rtc core: registered 44e3e000.rtc as rtc0 [ 1.516418] i2c /dev entries driver [ 1.520156] Driver for 1-wire Dallas network protocol. [ 1.533123] omap_wdt: OMAP Watchdog Timer Rev 0x01: initial timeout 60 sec [ 1.543243] omap_hsmmc 48060000.mmc: unable to get vmmc regulator -517 [ 1.550707] platform 48060000.mmc: Driver omap_hsmmc requests probe deferral [ 1.560219] ledtrig-cpu: registered to indicate activity on CPUs [ 1.567132] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid [ 1.572953] usbhid: USB HID core driver [ 1.584275] davinci_evm sound: ASoC: CODEC (null) not registered [ 1.591095] davinci_evm sound: snd_soc_register_card failed (-517) [ 1.597727] platform sound: Driver davinci_evm requests probe deferral [ 1.605542] oprofile: using arm/armv7 [ 1.610156] TCP: cubic registered [ 1.613633] Initializing XFRM netlink socket [ 1.618345] NET: Registered protocol family 17 [ 1.623080] NET: Registered protocol family 15 [ 1.628155] Key type dns_resolver registered [ 1.632833] omap_voltage_late_init: Voltage driver support not added [ 1.639539] sr_dev_init: No voltage domain specified for smartreflex0. Cannot initialize [ 1.648011] sr_dev_init: No voltage domain specified for smartreflex1. Cannot initialize [ 1.657602] ThumbEE CPU extension supported. [ 1.662123] Registering SWP/SWPB emulation handler [ 1.667204] SmartReflex Class3 initialized [ 1.679204] omap-gpmc 50000000.gpmc: GPMC revision 6.0 [ 1.686359] nand: device found, Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0xd3 [ 1.693006] nand: Samsung NAND 1GiB 3,3V 8-bit [ 1.697702] nand: 1024MiB, SLC, page size: 2048, OOB size: 64 [ 1.703702] nand: using OMAP_ECC_BCH8_CODE_HW ECC scheme [ 1.709544] 10 ofpart partitions found on MTD device omap2-nand.0 [ 1.715935] Creating 10 MTD partitions on "omap2-nand.0": [ 1.721581] 0x000000000000-0x000000020000 : "NAND.SPL" [ 1.738760] 0x000000020000-0x000000040000 : "NAND.SPL.backup1" [ 1.750072] 0x000000040000-0x000000060000 : "NAND.SPL.backup2" [ 1.759540] 0x000000060000-0x000000080000 : "NAND.SPL.backup3" [ 1.770709] 0x000000080000-0x0000000c0000 : "NAND.u-boot-spl" [ 1.780999] 0x0000000c0000-0x0000001c0000 : "NAND.u-boot" [ 1.794193] 0x0000001c0000-0x0000001e0000 : "NAND.u-boot-env" [ 1.803810] 0x0000001e0000-0x000000200000 : "NAND.u-boot-env.backup1" [ 1.815705] 0x000000200000-0x000000a00000 : "NAND.kernel" [ 1.831741] 0x000000a00000-0x000010000000 : "NAND.file-system" [ 2.128744] tps65910 0-002d: No interrupt support, no core IRQ [ 2.145804] vrtc: 1800 mV [ 2.149201] vrtc: supplied by vbat [ 2.156403] vio: at 1500 mV [ 2.159674] vio: supplied by vbat [ 2.166535] vdd_mpu: 912 <--> 1312 mV at 1325 mV [ 2.171674] vdd_mpu: supplied by vbat [ 2.178847] vdd_core: 912 <--> 1150 mV at 1137 mV [ 2.184071] vdd_core: supplied by vbat [ 2.190808] vdd3: 5000 mV [ 2.196352] vdig1: at 1800 mV [ 2.199763] vdig1: supplied by vbat [ 2.206242] vdig2: at 1800 mV [ 2.209646] vdig2: supplied by vbat [ 2.216312] vpll: at 1800 mV [ 2.219632] vpll: supplied by vbat [ 2.226021] vdac: at 1800 mV [ 2.229339] vdac: supplied by vbat [ 2.235593] vaux1: at 1800 mV [ 2.238998] vaux1: supplied by vbat [ 2.245289] vaux2: at 3300 mV [ 2.248809] vaux2: supplied by vbat [ 2.255223] vaux33: at 3300 mV [ 2.258804] vaux33: supplied by vbat [ 2.265220] vmmc: 1800 <--> 3300 mV at 3300 mV [ 2.270279] vmmc: supplied by vbat [ 2.276822] vbb: at 3000 mV [ 2.280309] vbb: supplied by vbat [ 2.288030] omap_i2c 44e0b000.i2c: bus 0 rev0.11 at 400 kHz [ 2.301649] omap_i2c 4802a000.i2c: bus 1 rev0.11 at 100 kHz [ 2.347377] wm8960 0-001a: No platform data supplied [ 2.424716] mmc0: host does not support reading read-only switch. assuming write-enable. [ 2.436373] mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address aaaa [ 2.444716] mmcblk0: mmc0:aaaa SL16G 14.8 GiB [ 2.456727] mmcblk0: p1 p2 [ 2.471831] davinci_evm sound: wm8960-hifi <-> 4803c000.mcasp mapping ok [ 2.555784] davinci_mdio 4a101000.mdio: davinci mdio revision 1.6 [ 2.562174] davinci_mdio 4a101000.mdio: detected phy mask ffffffde [ 2.572385] libphy: 4a101000.mdio: probed [ 2.576709] davinci_mdio 4a101000.mdio: phy[0]: device 4a101000.mdio:00, driver unknown [ 2.585071] davinci_mdio 4a101000.mdio: phy[5]: device 4a101000.mdio:05, driver unknown [ 2.594702] cpsw 4a100000.ethernet: Detected MACID = c4:ed:ba:88:b5:e4 [ 2.606568] input: gpio_keyad@0 as /devices/gpio_keyad@0/input/input0 [ 2.616308] omap_rtc 44e3e000.rtc: setting system clock to 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC (946684800) [ 2.625329] sr_init: No PMIC hook to init smartreflex [ 2.630961] sr_init: platform driver register failed for SR [ 2.653937] lis3_reg: disabling [ 2.657604] ALSA device list: [ 2.660710] #0: AM335x-EVM [ 2.779242] kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds [ 2.787736] EXT3-fs (mmcblk0p2): using internal journal [ 2.795710] EXT3-fs (mmcblk0p2): recovery complete [ 2.800726] EXT3-fs (mmcblk0p2): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode [ 2.808089] VFS: Mounted root (ext3 filesystem) on device 179:2. [ 2.818461] devtmpfs: mounted [ 2.822292] Freeing unused kernel memory: 408K (c085d000 - c08c3000) ----------mount all.......... ----------Starting mdev...... Please press Enter to activate this console. @tq335x # @tq335x #udhcpc udhcpc (v1.22.1) started Setting IP address 0.0.0.0 on eth0 [ 11.489311] net eth0: initializing cpsw version 1.12 (0) [ 11.576237] net eth0: phy found : id is : 0x1cc915 [ 11.581418] libphy: PHY 4a101000.mdio:01 not found [ 11.586480] net eth0: phy 4a101000.mdio:01 not found on slave 1 Sending discover... [ 13.576458] cpsw 4a100000.ethernet eth0: Link is Up - 100Mbps/Full - flow control rx/tx Sending discover... Sending select for 192.168.0.103... Lease of 192.168.0.103 obtained, lease time 86400 Setting IP address 192.168.0.103 on eth0 Deleting routers route: SIOCDELRT: No such process Adding router 192.168.0.1 Recreating /etc/resolv.conf Adding DNS server 10.0.0.1 @tq335x #ping 8.8.8.8 PING 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: seq=0 ttl=38 time=471.858 ms 64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: seq=1 ttl=38 time=479.178 ms 64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: seq=3 ttl=38 time=574.362 ms 64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: seq=4 ttl=38 time=476.201 ms ^C --- 8.8.8.8 ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 20% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 471.858/500.399/574.362 ms @tq335x #
本文作者：girlkoo
本文连接：http://blog.csdn.net/girlkoo/article/details/42110683