嵌入式系统移植三步曲 刘志卿

院系：计算机与信息工程学院

班级：09级计算机应用2班

姓名：刘志卿

学号：0906042003

 

嵌入式系统移植三步曲

Bootloader的移植

Linux内核的移植

Linux根文件系统的移植

 

 

 

 

一、Bootloader的移植

准备工作：

1. 创建交叉编译环境：

解压arm-linux-gcc-2.95.3.tar.bz2到/usr/local/arm/中

[root@localhost Desktop]# tar -xjvf arm-linux-gcc-2.95.3.tar.bz2 -C /usr/local/arm/

修改/etc/profile 文件，在文件的末尾添加如下内容：

PATH＝$PATH：/usr/local/arm/2.95.3/bin/arm-linux-

运行：

[root@localhost 嵌入式实验]# source /etc/profile

检查所使用的交叉编译环境：

[root@localhost 嵌入式实验]# arm-linux-gcc -v

Reading specs from /usr/local/arm/2.95.3/lib/gcc-lib/arm-linux/2.95.3/specs

gcc version 2.95.3 20010315 (release)

2. 安装SkyEye

解压源码包

[root@localhost Desktop]# tar -xjvf skyeye-1.2.6_rc1.tar.bz2 -C ./

编译skyeye-1.2.6

[root@localhost Desktop]# cd skyeye-1.2.6_rc1

[root@localhost skyeye-1.2.6_rc1]# ls

aclocal.m4      ChangeLog     configure     depcomp     LICENSE      misc     REPORTING-BUGS

arch            config.guess  configure.in  device      MAINTAINERS  missing  TODO

AUTHORS         config.h.in   COPYING       INSTALL     Makefile.am  NEWS     utils

autom4te.cache  config.sub    dbct          install-sh  Makefile.in  README

[root@localhost skyeye-1.2.6_rc1]# gedit INSTALL              //该文件包含安装帮助信息

[root@localhost skyeye-1.2.6_rc1]# ./configure                      //配置

[root@localhost skyeye-1.2.6_rc1]# make                            //编译

[root@localhost skyeye-1.2.6_rc1]# make install                     //将skyeye安装到/usr/local/bin/

[root@localhost skyeye-1.2.6_rc1]# ll /usr/local/bin/skyeye

 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2544308 05-17 17:59 /usr/local/bin/skyeye

下面一条命令将/usr/local/bin/skyeye改名为/usr/local/bin/skyeye1.2.6。

[root@localhost skyeye-1.2.6_rc1]# mv /usr/local/bin/skyeye /usr/local/bin/skyeye1.2.6

  Bootloader的移植 

   本试验用的是u-boot-1.1.4.tar.bz2，编辑u-boot根目录中的Makefile文件：

将

ifeq ($(ARCH),arm)

CROSS_COMPILE = arm-linux-

endif

改为

ifeq ($(ARCH),arm)

CROSS_COMPILE=/usr/local/arm/2.95.3/bin/arm-linux-

endif

 

在

smdk2410_config       :       unconfig

       @./mkconfig $(@:_config=) arm arm920t smdk2410 NULL s3c24x0

后面添加

ok2410_config       :       unconfig

       @./mkconfig $(@:_config=) arm arm920t ok2410 NULL s3c24x0

接着复制必要的文件，编辑ok2410.h头文件:

将

#define       CFG_PROMPT              "SMDK2410 # "       /* Monitor Command Prompt       */

改为

#define       CFG_PROMPT              "OK2410 # "       /* Monitor Command Prompt       */

编辑board/limin2410/Makefile文件：

将

OBJS       := smdk2410.o flash.o

改为

OBJS       := ok2410.o flash.o

配置、编译u-boot:

出现如下错误：

......

make -C examples all

make[1]: Entering directory `/root/Desktop/u-boot-1.1.4/examples'

/usr/local/arm/2.95.3/bin/arm-linux-gcc -g  -Os   -fno-strict-aliasing  -fno-common -ffixed-r8 -msoft-float  -D__KERNEL__ -DTEXT_BASE=0x33F80000 -I/root/Desktop/u-boot-1.1.4/include -fno-builtin -ffreestanding -nostdinc -isystem /usr/local/arm/2.95.3/lib/gcc-lib/arm-linux/2.95.3/include -pipe  -DCONFIG_ARM -D__ARM__ -march=armv4 -mabi=apcs-gnu -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -c -o hello_world.o hello_world.c

cc1: Invalid option `abi=apcs-gnu'

make[1]: *** [hello_world.o] 错误 1

make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/Desktop/u-boot-1.1.4/examples'

make: *** [examples] 错误 2

修改cpu/arm920t/config.mk文件:

将

PLATFORM_CPPFLAGS +=$(call cc-option,-mapcs-32,-mabi=apcs-gnu)

改成：

PLATFORM_CPPFLAGS +=$(call cc-option,-mapcs-32,$(call cc-option,-mabi=apcs-gnu,))

编译接着出现了如下的错误：

......

/usr/local/arm/2.95.3/bin/arm-linux-ar crv libstubs.a  stubs.o

a - stubs.o

make[1]: *** 没有规则可以创建“all”需要的目标“hello_world.srec”。 停止。

make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/Desktop/u-boot-1.1.4/examples'

make: *** [examples] 错误 2

修改examples目录下的Makefile文件:

将原文件的第58行开始的内容：

将原文件的第58行开始的内容：

SREC       = hello_world.srec

BIN       = hello_world.bin hello_world

改为

SREC       = hello_world.o

BIN       = hello_world.o hello_world

即可重新编译。

出现如下错误：

make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/Desktop/u-boot-1.1.4/common'

UNDEF_SYM=`/usr/local/arm/2.95.3/bin/arm-linux-objdump -x lib_generic/libgeneric.a board/ok2410/libok2410.a cpu/arm920t/libarm920t.a cpu/arm920t/s3c24x0/libs3c24x0.a lib_arm/libarm.a fs/cramfs/libcramfs.a fs/fat/libfat.a fs/fdos/libfdos.a fs/jffs2/libjffs2.a fs/reiserfs/libreiserfs.a fs/ext2/libext2fs.a net/libnet.a disk/libdisk.a rtc/librtc.a dtt/libdtt.a drivers/libdrivers.a drivers/sk98lin/libsk98lin.a post/libpost.a post/cpu/libcpu.a common/libcommon.a |sed  -n -e 's/.*\(__u_boot_cmd_.*\)/-u\1/p'|sort|uniq`;\

                /usr/local/arm/2.95.3/bin/arm-linux-ld -Bstatic -T /root/Desktop/u-boot-1.1.4/board/ok2410/u-boot.lds -Ttext 0x33F80000  $UNDEF_SYM cpu/arm920t/start.o \

                        --start-group lib_generic/libgeneric.a board/ok2410/libok2410.a cpu/arm920t/libarm920t.a cpu/arm920t/s3c24x0/libs3c24x0.a lib_arm/libarm.a fs/cramfs/libcramfs.a fs/fat/libfat.a fs/fdos/libfdos.a fs/jffs2/libjffs2.a fs/reiserfs/libreiserfs.a fs/ext2/libext2fs.a net/libnet.a disk/libdisk.a rtc/librtc.a dtt/libdtt.a drivers/libdrivers.a drivers/sk98lin/libsk98lin.a post/libpost.a post/cpu/libcpu.a common/libcommon.a --end-group -L /usr/local/arm/2.95.3/lib/gcc-lib/arm-linux/2.95.3 -lgcc \

                        -Map u-boot.map -o u-boot

 

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# ll u-boot*

再添加skyeye.conf文件

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 396429 05-03 18:32 u-boot

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 100156 05-03 18:32 u-boot.bin

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  48690 05-03 18:32 u-boot.map

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 300538 05-03 18:32 u-boot.srec

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# skyeye1.2.6

**************************** WARNING **********************************

If you want to run ELF image, you should use -e option to indicate

your elf-format image filename. Or you only want to run binary image,

you need to set the filename of the image and its entry in skyeye.conf.

***********************************************************************

Your elf file is little endian.

arch: arm

cpu info: armv4, arm920t, 41009200, ff00fff0, 2

mach info: name s3c2410x, mach_init addr 0x806bae0

ethmod num=1, mac addr=8:0:3e:26:a:5b, hostip=10.0.0.1

nandflash: dump ./nand.dump

file size:69206016

dbct info: turn on dbct!

uart_mod:0, desc_in:, desc_out:, converter:

SKYEYE: use arm920t mmu ops

Loaded RAM   ./u-boot.bin

ERROR: s3c2410x_io_write_word(0x4c000000) = 0x00ffffff

ERROR: s3c2410x_io_write_word(0x4c000008) = 0x00048032

 

U-Boot 1.1.4 (May  3 2009 - 18:31:55)

 

U-Boot code: 33F80000 -> 33F9873C  BSS: -> 33F9C814

RAM Configuration:

Bank #0: 30000000 64 MB

Flash: 512 kB

*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment

 

In:    serial

Out:   serial

Err:   serial

 

开始移植nand:

修改cpu/arm920t/start.S文件:

将从NOR Flash启动改成从NAND Flash启动。

将以下U－Boot的重定向语句段：

#ifndef CONFIG_SKIP_RELOCATE_UBOOT

relocate:                            /* relocate U-Boot to RAM           */

       adr       r0, _start              /* r0 <- current position of code   */

       ldr       r1, _TEXT_BASE              /* test if we run from flash or RAM */

       cmp     r0, r1                  /* don't reloc during debug         */

       beq     stack_setup

 

       ldr       r2, _armboot_start

       ldr       r3, _bss_start

       sub       r2, r3, r2              /* r2 <- size of armboot            */

       add       r2, r0, r2              /* r2 <- source end address         */

 

copy_loop:

       ldmia       r0!, {r3-r10}              /* copy from source address [r0]    */

       stmia       r1!, {r3-r10}              /* copy to   target address [r1]    */

       cmp       r0, r2                     /* until source end addreee [r2]    */

       ble       copy_loop

#endif       /* CONFIG_SKIP_RELOCATE_UBOOT */

 

替换成：

//#ifndef CONFIG_SKIP_RELOCATE_UBOOT

//relocate:                            /* relocate U-Boot to RAM           */

//       adr       r0, _start              /* r0 <- current position of code   */

//       ldr       r1, _TEXT_BASE              /* test if we run from flash or RAM */

//       cmp     r0, r1                  /* don't reloc during debug         */

//       beq     stack_setup

 

//       ldr       r2, _armboot_start

//       ldr       r3, _bss_start

//       sub       r2, r3, r2              /* r2 <- size of armboot            */

//       add       r2, r0, r2              /* r2 <- source end address         */

 

//copy_loop:

//       ldmia       r0!, {r3-r10}              /* copy from source address [r0]    */

//       stmia       r1!, {r3-r10}              /* copy to   target address [r1]    */

//       cmp       r0, r2                     /* until source end addreee [r2]    */

//       ble       copy_loop

//#endif       /* CONFIG_SKIP_RELOCATE_UBOOT */

#ifdef CONFIG_S3C2410_NAND_BOOT

@ reset NAND

       mov r1, #NAND_CTL_BASE

       ldr   r2, =0xf830           @ initial value

       str   r2, [r1, #oNFCONF]

       ldr   r2, [r1, #oNFCONF]

       bic  r2, r2, #0x800              @ enable chip

       str   r2, [r1, #oNFCONF]

       mov r2, #0xff         @ RESET command

       strb r2, [r1, #oNFCMD]

 

 

       mov r3, #0                   @ wait

nand1:

       add  r3, r3, #0x1

       cmp r3, #0xa

       blt   nand1

 

nand2:

       ldr   r2, [r1, #oNFSTAT]      @ wait ready

       tst    r2, #0x1

       beq  nand2

 

       ldr   r2, [r1, #oNFCONF]

       orr  r2, r2, #0x800              @ disable chip

       str   r2, [r1, #oNFCONF]

 

@ get read to call C functions (for nand_read())

       ldr   sp, DW_STACK_START       @ setup stack pointer

       mov fp, #0                    @ no previous frame, so fp=0

 

@ copy U-Boot to RAM

       ldr   r0, =TEXT_BASE

       mov     r1, #0x0

       mov r2, #0x20000

       bl    nand_read_ll

       tst    r0, #0x0

       beq  ok_nand_read

 

bad_nand_read:

loop2:    b     loop2          @ infinite loop

 

ok_nand_read:

@ verify

       mov r0, #0

       ldr   r1, =TEXT_BASE

       mov r2, #0x400     @ 4 bytes * 1024 = 4K-bytes

go_next:

       ldr   r3, [r0], #4

       ldr   r4, [r1], #4

       teq   r3, r4

       bne  notmatch

       subs r2, r2, #4

       beq  stack_setup

       bne  go_next

 

notmatch:

loop3:     b     loop3         @ infinite loop

 

#endif /* CONFIG_S3C2410_NAND_BOOT */

 

在

_start_armboot:       .word start_armboot

后面加入

       .align       2

DW_STACK_START:  .word  STACK_BASE+STACK_SIZE-4

修改board/ok2410/Makefil e文件 :

将

OBJS       := ok2410.o flash.o

改为

OBJS       := ok2410.o flash.o nand_read.o

创建board/ok2410/nand_read.c文件,内容如下：

#include

#define __REGb(x) (*(volatile unsigned char *)(x))

#define __REGi(x) (*(volatile unsigned int *)(x))

#define NF_BASE  0x4e000000

#define NFCONF  __REGi(NF_BASE + 0x0)

#define NFCMD  __REGb(NF_BASE + 0x4)

#define NFADDR  __REGb(NF_BASE + 0x8)

#define NFDATA  __REGb(NF_BASE + 0xc)

#define NFSTAT  __REGb(NF_BASE + 0x10)

#define BUSY 1

#ifndef NAND_SECTOR_SIZE

#define NAND_SECTOR_SIZE 512

#endif

#ifndef NAND_BLOCK_MASK

#define NAND_BLOCK_MASK 511

#endif

 

inline void wait_idle(void) {

       int i;

       while(!(NFSTAT & BUSY))

       for(i=0; i<10; i++);

}

 

/* low level nand read function */

int nand_read_ll(unsigned char *buf, unsigned long start_addr, int size)

{

       int i, j;

       if ((start_addr & NAND_BLOCK_MASK) || (size & NAND_BLOCK_MASK)) {

              return -1; /* invalid alignment */

       }

       /* chip Enable */

       NFCONF &= ~0x800;

       for(i=0; i<10; i++);

       for(i=start_addr; i < (start_addr + size);) {

              /* READ0 */

              NFCMD = 0;

              /* Write Address */

              NFADDR = i & 0xff;

              NFADDR = (i >> 9) & 0xff;

              NFADDR = (i >> 17) & 0xff;

              NFADDR = (i >> 25) & 0xff;

              wait_idle();

              for(j=0; j < NAND_SECTOR_SIZE; j++, i++) {

                     *buf = (NFDATA & 0xff);

                     buf++;

              }

       }

       /* chip Disable */

       NFCONF |= 0x800; /* chip disable */

       return 0;

}

编辑include/configs/ok2410.h文件：

在文件的后部添加

/****************** me add begin *******************/

/*

* Nandflash Boot

*/

#define CONFIG_S3C2410_NAND_BOOT 1

#define STACK_BASE    0x33f00000

#define STACK_SIZE    0x8000

//#define UBOOT_RAM_BASE    0x33f80000

/* NAND Flash Controller */

#define NAND_CTL_BASE            0x4E000000

#define bINT_CTL(Nb)        __REG(INT_CTL_BASE + (Nb))

/* Offset */

#define oNFCONF               0x00

#define oNFCMD                0x04

#define oNFADDR               0x08

#define oNFDATA               0x0c

#define oNFSTAT               0x10

#define oNFECC                0x14

/****************** me add end *******************/

编译u-boot，然后测试u-boot是否可以从nand启动

多次执行skyeye1.2.6，出现如下页面：

**************************** WARNING **********************************

If you want to run ELF image, you should use -e option to indicate

your elf-format image filename. Or you only want to run binary image,

you need to set the filename of the image and its entry in skyeye.conf.

***********************************************************************

Your elf file is little endian.

arch: arm

cpu info: armv4, arm920t, 41009200, ff00fff0, 2

mach info: name s3c2410x, mach_init addr 0x806bae0

ethmod num=1, mac addr=8:0:3e:26:a:5b, hostip=10.0.0.1

nandflash: dump ./nand.dump

 

Init nandflash dump file.

file size:69206016

finish init nandflash dump

dbct info: turn on dbct!

uart_mod:0, desc_in:, desc_out:, converter:

到此停止不动，需要执行如下命令：

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# mknandflashdump u-boot.bin nand.dump 0

finish

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# ll nand.dump

 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 118272 05-10 22:29 nand.dump

注意：使用mknandflashdump命令生成nand.dump文件，同时向该文件所模拟的NAND Flash的起始地址（0x0）处烧写u-boot.bin。

再次执行skyeye1.2.6：

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# skyeye1.2.6      

以下是u-boot添加nand指令的支持。               

编辑include/configs/ok2410.h文件：

在

#define CONFIG_BAUDRATE              115200

后面添加

/*********************** me add begin *************************************/

/* enable passing of ATAGs   */

#define CONFIG_CMDLINE_TAG      1

#define CONFIG_SETUP_MEMORY_TAGS  1

#define CONFIG_INITRD_TAG   1

/*********************** me add end *************************************/

说明：为了能使U-BOOT正确引导Linux内核，必须传递合适的参数给内核。引导内核时可以将bootargs传递给内核。bootargs是指ok2410.h文件中的CONFIG_BOOTARGS宏。

将

                     /*CFG_CMD_NAND       |*/ \

改为

                     CFG_CMD_NAND       | \

将

/*#define CONFIG_BOOTARGS           "root=ramfs devfs=mount console=ttySA0,9600" */

改为

#define CONFIG_BOOTARGS       "noinitrd root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=10.0.0.1:/tmp/nfs ip=10.0.0.110:10.0.0.1:10.0.0.1:255.255.255.0 init=linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200  mem=64M"

将

/*#define CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND       "tftp; bootm" */

改为

#define CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND       "tftp 0x31000000 uImage;bootm 0x31000000"

进一步编辑include/configs/ok2410.h文件：

/****************** me add begin *******************/

//  #define       CFG_ENV_IS_IN_FLASH       1       /*将该行注释，添加下面一行*/

#define CFG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND  1              /*该行很重要，没有该行，saveenv命令将失效*/

#define CFG_ENV_SIZE       0x10000              /* Total Size of Environment Sector */

#define CFG_NAND_LEGACY 1

#define CFG_ENV_OFFSET  0X20000              /*环境变量在Nand Flash的0x20000处*/

#if (CONFIG_COMMANDS & CFG_CMD_NAND)

#define CFG_NAND_BASE 0x4E000000       /* physical address to access nand at CS0*/

                                                 /* Nand Flash控制器在SFR区起始寄存器地址 */

#define CFG_MAX_NAND_DEVICE 1              /*支持Nand Flash设备的最大个数*/

#define SECTORSIZE 512

#define NAND_SECTOR_SIZE SECTORSIZE

#define NAND_BLOCK_MASK 511

#define ADDR_COLUMN 1

#define ADDR_PAGE 3

#define ADDR_COLUMN_PAGE 4

#define NAND_ChipID_UNKNOWN 0x00       /* 未知芯片的ID号 */

#define NAND_MAX_FLOORS 1

#define NAND_MAX_CHIPS 1                     /* 板子上NAND Flash芯片的最大个数 */

/*下面7行是Nand Flash命令层底层的接口函数 */

#define WRITE_NAND_COMMAND(d, adr) {rNFCMD = d;}

#define WRITE_NAND_ADDRESS(d, adr) {rNFADDR = d;}

#define WRITE_NAND(d, adr) {rNFDATA = d;}

#define READ_NAND(adr) (rNFDATA)

#define NAND_WAIT_READY(nand) {while(!(rNFSTAT&(1<<0)));}

#define NAND_DISABLE_CE(nand) {rNFCONF |= (1<<11);}

#define NAND_ENABLE_CE(nand) {rNFCONF &= ~(1<<11);}

/* the following functions are NOP's because S3C24X0 handles this in hardware */

#define NAND_CTL_CLRALE(nandptr)

#define NAND_CTL_SETALE(nandptr)

#define NAND_CTL_CLRCLE(nandptr)

#define NAND_CTL_SETCLE(nandptr)

#define CONFIG_MTD_NAND_VERIFY_WRITE 1       /* 允许Nand Flash写校验 */

/*

* Nandflash Boot

*/

#define CONFIG_S3C2410_NAND_BOOT 1

#define STACK_BASE    0x33f00000

#define STACK_SIZE    0x8000

//#define UBOOT_RAM_BASE    0x33f80000

/* NAND Flash Controller */

#define NAND_CTL_BASE            0x4E000000

#define bINT_CTL(Nb)        __REG(INT_CTL_BASE + (Nb))

/* Offset */

#define oNFCONF               0x00

#define oNFCMD                0x04

#define oNFADDR               0x08

#define oNFDATA               0x0c

#define oNFSTAT               0x10

#define oNFECC                0x14

#define rNFCONF (*(volatile unsigned int *)0x4e000000)

#define rNFCMD (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000004)

#define rNFADDR (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000008)

#define rNFDATA (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e00000c)

#define rNFSTAT (*(volatile unsigned int *)0x4e000010)

#define rNFECC (*(volatile unsigned int *)0x4e000014)

#define rNFECC0 (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000014)

#define rNFECC1 (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000015)

#define rNFECC2 (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000016)

#endif /* CONFIG_COMMANDS & CFG_CMD_NAND*/

/****************** me add end *******************/

编辑board/ok2410/ok2410.c文件，在文件的尾部添加如下内容：

/****************** me add begin *******************/

#if (CONFIG_COMMANDS & CFG_CMD_NAND)

typedef enum {

       NFCE_LOW,

       NFCE_HIGH

} NFCE_STATE;

 

static inline void NF_Conf(u16 conf)

{

       S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

       nand->NFCONF = conf;

}

 

static inline void NF_Cmd(u8 cmd)

{

       S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

       nand->NFCMD = cmd;

}

 

static inline void NF_CmdW(u8 cmd)

{

       NF_Cmd(cmd);

       udelay(1);

}

 

static inline void NF_Addr(u8 addr)

{

       S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

       nand->NFADDR = addr;

}

 

static inline void NF_SetCE(NFCE_STATE s)

{

       S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

       switch (s) {

              case NFCE_LOW:

                     nand->NFCONF &= ~(1<<11);

                     break;

              case NFCE_HIGH:

                     nand->NFCONF |= (1<<11);

                     break;

       }

}

 

static inline void NF_WaitRB(void)

{

       S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

       while (!(nand->NFSTAT & (1<<0)));

}

 

static inline void NF_Write(u8 data)

{

       S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

       nand->NFDATA = data;

}

 

static inline u8 NF_Read(void)

{

       S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

       return(nand->NFDATA);

}

 

static inline void NF_Init_ECC(void)

{

       S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

       nand->NFCONF |= (1<<12);

}

 

static inline u32 NF_Read_ECC(void)

{

       S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

       return(nand->NFECC);

}

 

#endif

/*

* NAND flash initialization.

*/

#if (CONFIG_COMMANDS & CFG_CMD_NAND)

extern ulong nand_probe(ulong physadr);

 

static inline void NF_Reset(void)

{

       int i;

       NF_SetCE(NFCE_LOW);

       NF_Cmd(0xFF); /* reset command */

       for(i = 0; i < 10; i++); /* tWB = 100ns. */

       NF_WaitRB(); /* wait 200~500us; */

       NF_SetCE(NFCE_HIGH);

}

 

static inline void NF_Init(void)

{

#if 0 /* a little bit too optimistic */

#define TACLS 0

#define TWRPH0 3

#define TWRPH1 0

#else

#define TACLS 0

#define TWRPH0 4

#define TWRPH1 2

#endif

 

       NF_Conf((1<<15)|(0<<14)|(0<<13)|(1<<12)|(1<<11)|(TACLS<<8)|(TWRPH0<<4)|(TWRPH1<<0));

/*nand->NFCONF = (1<<15)|(1<<14)|(1<<13)|(1<<12)|(1<<11)|(TACLS<<8)|(TWRPH0<<4)|(TWRPH1<<0); */

/* 1 1 1 1, 1 xxx, r xxx, r xxx */

/* En 512B 4step ECCR nFCE=H tACLS tWRPH0 tWRPH1 */

       NF_Reset();

}

 

void nand_init(void)

{

       S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

       NF_Init();

#ifdef DEBUG

       printf("NAND flash probing at 0x%.8lX\n", (ulong)nand);

#endif

       printf ("%4lu MB\n", nand_probe((ulong)nand) >> 20);

}

#endif

/****************** me add end *******************/

修改 common/cmd_nand.c文件 :

将NanD_ReadBuf函数中的

       NanD_Command (nand, NAND_CMD_READ0);

改为

       //NanD_Command (nand, NAND_CMD_READ0);

如果没有将该行注释掉，启动skyeye1.2.6后，将会出现如下错误:

Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0

OK2410 # nand read 0x31000000 0x0 0x1BFC8

NAND read: device 0 offset 0, size 114632 ... warning when RE  falling,do nothing

  0 bytes read: ERROR

OK2410 #

编译、测试：

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# skyeye1.2.6

**************************** WARNING **********************************

If you want to run ELF image, you should use -e option to indicate

your elf-format image filename. Or you only want to run binary image,

you need to set the filename of the image and its entry in skyeye.conf.

***********************************************************************

 

Your elf file is little endian.

arch: arm

cpu info: armv4, arm920t, 41009200, ff00fff0, 2

mach info: name s3c2410x, mach_init addr 0x806bae0

ethmod num=1, mac addr=8:0:3e:26:a:5b, hostip=10.0.0.1

nandflash: dump ./nand.dump

file size:69206016

dbct info: turn on dbct!

uart_mod:0, desc_in:, desc_out:, converter:

SKYEYE: use arm920t mmu ops

Loaded RAM   ./u-boot.bin

ERROR: s3c2410x_io_write_word(0x4c000000) = 0x00ffffff

ERROR: s3c2410x_io_write_word(0x4c000008) = 0x00048032

 

 

U-Boot 1.1.4 (Jun 14 2011 - 18:45:47)

 

U-Boot code: 33F80000 -> 33F9C304  BSS: -> 33FA03E0

RAM Configuration:

Bank #0: 30000000 64 MB

Flash: 512 kB

NAND:  64 MB

*** Warning - bad CRC or NAND, using default environment

 

In:    serial

Out:   serial

Err:   serial

Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0

TFTP from server 10.0.0.1; our IP address is 10.0.0.110

Filename 'uImage'.

Load address: 0x31000000

Loading: checksum bad

checksum bad

       T       T       T       T       T       .................

出现

Flash: 512 kB

NAND:  64 MB

表示实验成功，T代表try尝试去连接服务器，因为没有建立服务器所以不能连接成功。将NAND Flash（/dev/mtdblock2）作为根文件系统:

**************************** WARNING **********************************

If you want to run ELF image, you should use -e option to indicate

your elf-format image filename. Or you only want to run binary image,

you need to set the filename of the image and its entry in skyeye.conf.

***********************************************************************

 

Your elf file is little endian.

arch: arm

cpu info: armv4, arm920t, 41009200, ff00fff0, 2

mach info: name s3c2410x, mach_init addr 0x806bae0

ethmod num=1, mac addr=8:0:3e:26:a:5b, hostip=10.0.0.1

nandflash: dump ./nand.dump

file size:69206016

dbct info: turn on dbct!

uart_mod:0, desc_in:, desc_out:, converter:

SKYEYE: use arm920t mmu ops

Loaded RAM   ./u-boot.bin

ERROR: s3c2410x_io_write_word(0x4c000000) = 0x00ffffff

ERROR: s3c2410x_io_write_word(0x4c000008) = 0x00048032

 

U-Boot 1.1.4 (May 11 2009 - 11:46:42)

 

U-Boot code: 33F80000 -> 33F9C20C  BSS: -> 33FA02E8

RAM Configuration:

Bank #0: 30000000 64 MB

Flash: 512 kB

NAND:  64 MB

*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment

 

In:    serial

Out:   serial

Err:   serial

Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0

OK2410 # printenv

bootargs=noinitrd root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=10.0.0.1:/tmp/nfs ip=10.0.0.110:10.0.0.1:10.0.0.1:255.255.255.0 init=linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200  mem=64M

bootcmd=tftp 0x31000000 uImage;bootm 0x31000000        //要记住该环境变量，后面的实例中会用到

bootdelay=3

baudrate=115200

ipaddr=10.0.0.110

serverip=10.0.0.1

netmask=255.255.255.0

stdin=serial

stdout=serial

stderr=serial

ethaddr=08:00:3E:26:0A:5B

 

Environment size: 341/65532 bytes

OK2410 #

OK2410 # setenv bootargs noinitrd mem=64M root=/dev/mtdblock2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200

OK2410 # tftp 0x31000000 uImage

OK2410 # bootm 31000000

## Booting image at 31000000 ...

   Image Name:   linux-2.6.14.7

   Created:      2009-05-10  14:48:03 UTC

   Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)

   Data Size:    1009504 Bytes = 985.8 kB

   Load Address: 30008000

   Entry Point:  30008000

   Verifying Checksum ... OK

OK

 

Starting kernel ...

Uncompressing Linux................................................................ done, booting the kernel.

Linux version 2.6.14.7 ([email protected]) (gcc version 3.4.1) #1 Sun May 10 15:13:57 CST 2009

CPU: ARM920Tid(wb) [41009200] revision 0 (ARMvundefined/unknown)

Machine: SMDK2410

Warning: bad configuration page, trying to continue

Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback

CPU S3C2410 (id 0x32410000)

S3C2410: core 202.800 MHz, memory 101.400 MHz, peripheral 50.700 MHz

S3C2410 Clocks, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics

CLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on

CPU0: D VIVT write-back cache

CPU0: I cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets

CPU0: D cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets

Built 1 zonelists

Kernel command line: noinitrd mem=64M root=/dev/mtdblock2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200

irq: clearing pending status 00004000

irq: clearing pending status 00008000

irq: clearing pending status 00800000

irq: clearing pending status 10000000

irq: clearing subpending status 00000093

PID hash table entries: 512 (order: 9, 8192 bytes)

timer tcon=00500000, tcnt a509, tcfg 00000200,00000000, usec 00001e4c

Console: colour dummy device 80x30

Dentry cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)

Inode-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)

Memory: 64MB = 64MB total

Memory: 62720KB available (1635K code, 321K data, 92K init)

Mount-cache hash table entries: 512

CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok

softlockup thread 0 started up.

NET: Registered protocol family 16

S3C2410: Initialising architecture

NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (double precision)

devfs: 2004-01-31 Richard Gooch ([email protected])

devfs: boot_options: 0x1

Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 80x25

fb0: Virtual frame buffer device, using 1024K of video memory

S3C2410 RTC, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics

s3c2410_serial0 at MMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2410

s3c2410_serial1 at MMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2410

s3c2410_serial2 at MMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2410

io scheduler noop registered

io scheduler anticipatory registered

io scheduler deadline registered

io scheduler cfq registered

RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize

Cirrus Logic CS8900A driver for Linux (Modified for SMDK2410)

eth0: CS8900A rev D at 0xe0000300 irq=53, no eeprom , addr: 08: 0:3E:26:0A:5B

S3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics

s3c2410-nand: mapped registers at c4980000

s3c2410-nand: timing: Tacls 10ns, Twrph0 30ns, Twrph1 10ns

NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0x76 (Samsung NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit)

NAND_ECC_NONE selected by board driver. This is not recommended !!

Scanning device for bad blocks

Creating 4 MTD partitions on "NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit":

0x00000000-0x00100000 : "bootloader"

0x00100000-0x00400000 : "kernel"

0x00400000-0x02c00000 : "root"

0x02d00000-0x03c00000 : "user"

mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice

NET: Registered protocol family 2

IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)

TCP established hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)

TCP bind hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)

TCP: Hash tables configured (established 4096 bind 4096)

TCP reno registered

TCP bic registered

NET: Registered protocol family 1

Reading data from NAND FLASH without ECC is not recommended

Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(31,2)

 

//错误，因为mtdblock2中还没有文件系统，该问题将在下一小节中解决

 

通过NFS访问文件系统:

**************************** WARNING **********************************

If you want to run ELF image, you should use -e option to indicate

your elf-format image filename. Or you only want to run binary image,

you need to set the filename of the image and its entry in skyeye.conf.

***********************************************************************

……                     //部分启动信息省略

Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0

OK2410 # tftp 0x31000000 uImage

TFTP from server 10.0.0.1; our IP address is 10.0.0.110

Filename 'uImage'.

Load address: 0x31000000

Loading:

……                     //部分信息省略

done

Bytes transferred = 1009568 (f67a0 hex)

OK2410 # bootm 31000000

……                     //部分信息省略

OK

Starting kernel ...

Uncompressing Linux................................................................ done, booting the kernel.

Linux version 2.6.14.7 ([email protected]) (gcc version 3.4.1) #1 Sun May 10 15:13:57 CST 2009

CPU: ARM920Tid(wb) [41009200] revision 0 (ARMvundefined/unknown)

Machine: SMDK2410

……                     //部分信息省略

Kernel command line: noinitrd root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=10.0.0.1:/tmp/nfs ip=10.0.0.110:10.0.0.1:10.0.0.1:255.255.255.0 init=linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200  mem=64M

……                     //部分信息省略

Creating 4 MTD partitions on "NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit":

0x00000000-0x00100000 : "bootloader"

0x00100000-0x00400000 : "kernel"

0x00400000-0x02c00000 : "root"

0x02d00000-0x03c00000 : "user"

……                     //部分信息省略

NET: Registered protocol family 1

IP-Config: Complete:

      device=eth0, addr=10.0.0.110, mask=255.255.255.0, gw=10.0.0.1,

     host=10.0.0.110, domain=, nis-domain=(none),

     bootserver=10.0.0.1, rootserver=10.0.0.1, rootpath=

Looking up port of RPC 100003/2 on 10.0.0.1

Looking up port of RPC 100005/1 on 10.0.0.1

VFS: Mounted root (nfs filesystem).

Mounted devfs on /dev

Freeing init memory: 92K

Failed to execute linuxrc.  Attempting defaults...

Kernel panic - not syncing: No init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel.

 

//错误，原因可能是NFS文件系统没有准备好，或者是防火墙，该问题将在下一小节中解决

 

三、根文件系统的移植

解压busybox-1.13.4.tar.bz2到桌面

[root@localhost Desktop]# tar -xjvf busybox-1.13.4.tar.bz2 -C ./

[root@localhost Desktop]# cd busybox-1.13.4

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]#

编辑Makefile文件

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# gedit Makefile

将

CROSS_COMPILE ?=

改为

CROSS_COMPILE ?=/usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-

 

将

ARCH ?= $(SUBARCH)

改为

ARCH ?= arm

进行默认配置

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# make defconfig              //恢复默认配置

对配置信息进行修改

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# make menuconfig

HOSTLD  scripts/kconfig/mconf

  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/checklist.o

  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/inputbox.o

  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/lxdialog.o

  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/menubox.o

  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/msgbox.o

  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/textbox.o

  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/util.o

  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/yesno.o

  HOSTLD  scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/lxdialog

scripts/kconfig/mconf Config.in

在检查Miscellaneous Utilities--->

    taskset 是否去除

同时设置如下：

Busybox Settings --->

        Build Options --->

            [*]Build BusyBox as a static binry (no shared libs)              //选用静态连接

            [*]Build with Large File Support (for accessing files > 2 GB)

            (/usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-) Cross Compiler prefix

        Installation Options --->

            [*] Don't use /usr

            (./_install) BusyBox installation prefix                           //安装路径

        Busybox Library Tuning  --->

            (6) Minimum password length

            (2) MD5: Trade Bytes for Speed

            [*] Faster /proc scanning code (+100 bytes)

            [ ] Support for /etc/networks

            [*] Command line editing

            (1024) Maximum length of input

            [*]   vi-style line editing commands

            (15)  History size

            [*]   History saving

            [*]   Tab completion

            [*]     Username completion

            [*]   Fancy shell prompts              //Setting this option allows for prompts to use things like \w and

                                                 //  \$ and escape codes.

            [ ] Give more precise messages when copy fails (cp, mv etc)

            (4) Copy buffer size, in kilobytes

            [ ] Use clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) syscall

            [*] Use ioctl names rather than hex values in error messages

            [*] Support infiniband HW弹出的TUI界面中进行如下配置：

 

设置完毕后，保存、退出。

编译

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# make

......

  CC      networking/inetd.o

  CC      networking/interface.o

networking/interface.c:818: error: `ARPHRD_INFINIBAND' undeclared here (not in a function)

networking/interface.c:818: error: initializer element is not constant

networking/interface.c:818: error: (near initialization for `ib_hwtype.type')

make[1]: *** [networking/interface.o] 错误 1

make: *** [networking] 错误 2

编译出错，此时需要编辑networking/interface.c文件。

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# gedit networking/interface.c

将networking/interface.c文件的818行修改为“.type = -1”，然后再次编译。

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# make

......

  CC      util-linux/volume_id/volume_id.o

  CC      util-linux/volume_id/xfs.o

  AR      util-linux/volume_id/lib.a

  LINK    busybox_unstripped

Trying libraries: crypt m

 Library crypt is not needed, excluding it

 Library m is needed, can't exclude it (yet)

Final link with: m

  DOC     busybox.pod

  DOC     BusyBox.txt

  DOC     BusyBox.1

  DOC     BusyBox.html

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# ll busybox*

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# make install

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1701216 05-11 17:26 busybox

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2045185 05-11 17:26 busybox_unstripped

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  889321 05-11 17:26 busybox_unstripped.map

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   83503 05-11 17:26 busybox_unstripped.out

如果成功，会出现如下信息：

--------------------------------------------------

You will probably need to make your busybox binary

setuid root to ensure all configured applets will

work properly.

--------------------------------------------------

解决办法是修改_install/bin/busybox文件的属性。

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# ll _install/bin/busybox

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1701216 05-11 17:41 _install/bin/busybox

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# chmod 4755 ./_install/bin/busybox         //修改busybox属性

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# ll _install/bin/busybox

-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 1701216 05-11 17:41 _install/bin/busybox

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# ll _install/

总计 20

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 05-11 17:41 bin

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   11 05-11 17:41 linuxrc -> bin/busybox

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 05-11 17:41 sbin

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# cd _install/

[root@localhost _install]# pwd

/root/Desktop/busybox-1.13.4/_install

在/tmp/nfs中创建所需的目录

[root@localhost nfs]# mkdir -p bin sbin lib/modules etc/init.d dev usr/bin usr/sbin usr/lib proc sys  home root boot mnt/etc mnt/jffs2 mnt/yaffs mnt/data mnt/temp var/lib var/lock var/log var/run var/tmp tmp

[root@localhost nfs]# chmod 1777 tmp

[root@localhost nfs]# chmod 1777 var/tmp

[root@localhost nfs]# cd dev/

[root@localhost dev]# pwd

/tmp/nfs/dev

[root@localhost dev]# mknod -m 600 console c 5 1

[root@localhost dev]# mknod -m 666 null c 1 3

复制文件到/tmp/nfs中

将/root/Desktop/busybox-1.13.4/_install中的内容复制到/tmp/nfs中。

[root@localhost _install]# pwd

/root/Desktop/busybox-1.13.4/_install

[root@localhost _install]# cp -a bin /tmp/nfs/

[root@localhost _install]# cp -a sbin /tmp/nfs/

[root@localhost _install]# ll linuxrc

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 05-11 17:41 linuxrc -> bin/busybox

[root@localhost _install]# cp -a linuxrc /tmp/nfs/

[root@localhost _install]# ll /tmp/nfs/linuxrc

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 05-11 17:43 /tmp/nfs/linuxrc -> bin/busybox

[root@localhost _install]# cd ..

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# pwd

/root/Desktop/busybox-1.13.4

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# cp -a examples/bootfloppy/etc/* /tmp/nfs/etc/

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# ls /tmp/nfs/etc/

fstab  init.d  inittab  profile

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]#

创建配置文件

编写etc/inittab文件、修改其权限

[root@localhost nfs]# gedit etc/inittab

文件内容如下：

::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS           #指定系统初始化脚本文件

::respawn:-/bin/login            #加上-语句会在登陆终端之后调用/etc/目录下的profile文件

::restart:/sbin/init                     #指定系统重启时执行的初始化程序

 

tty0::respawn:-/bin/login

 

::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r       #指定关机时执行的操

::shutdown:/sbin/swapoff -a

[root@localhost nfs]# ll etc/inittab

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 309 05-11 18:28 etc/inittab

[root@localhost nfs]# chmod 755 etc/inittab

编写etc/init.d/rcS文件、修改其权限

[root@localhost nfs]# gedit etc/init.d/rcS

文件内容如下：

#!/bin/sh

# mount all filesystem defined in "fstab"

echo "#mount all......."

/bin/mount -a

 

/bin/mknod -m 600 /dev/console c 5 1

/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/null c 1 3

/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/tty0 c 4 0

/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/mtdblock0 b 31 0

/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/mtdblock1 b 31 1

/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/mtdblock2 b 31 2

/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/mtdblock3 b 31 3

#/bin/mount -t ext2 /dev/mtdblock3 /mnt/temp/

 

echo "******************************************************************"

echo "                   OK 2410 Rootfs made by liminmin, 2010.06"

echo "******************************************************************"

[root@localhost nfs]# ll etc/init.d/rcS

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 92 05-11 18:27 etc/init.d/rcS

[root@localhost nfs]# chmod 755 etc/init.d/rcS

编写etc/fstab文件、修改其权限

[root@localhost nfs]# gedit etc/fstab

文件内容如下：

proc       /proc       proc       defaults       0       0

sysfs       /sys       sysfs       defaults       0       0

none       /tmp       ramfs       defaults       0       0

mdev       /dev       ramfs       defaults       0       0

[root@localhost nfs]# ll etc/fstab

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 59 05-11 18:30 etc/fstab

[root@localhost nfs]# chmod 755 etc/fstab

编写etc/proflie文件、修改其权限

[root@localhost nfs]# gedit etc/proflie

文件内容如下：

# /etc/profile: system-wide .profile file for the Bourne shells

echo

echo -n "Processing /etc/profile... "

# no-op

# Set search library path

echo "Set search library path in /etc/profile"

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/lib:/usr/lib

 

# Set user path

echo "Set user path in /etc/profile"

export PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin       #设置命令搜索路径

export HISTSIZE=100

export PS1='[\u@\h \W]\$ '

alias ll='ls -l'

 

#/sbin/ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.22 netmask 255.255.255.0

/sbin/ifconfig lo 127.0.0.1

echo "Configure net done"

 

echo "All Done"

echo

创建密码文件、修改其权限

下面3个文件可以从宿主机中复制，只留下root帐号。

[root@localhost nfs]# cp /etc/passwd etc/ ;cp /etc/shadow etc/ ;cp /etc/group etc/

[root@localhost nfs]# chmod 600 etc/shadow

[root@localhost nfs]# gedit etc/passwd

内容是：root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/sh

[root@localhost nfs]# gedit etc/shadow

内容是：root:$1$zs2zr2N4$15U99ll5tUm3DwOvKnCVV1:14335:0:99999:7:::

[root@localhost nfs]# gedit etc/group

内容是：root:x:0:root

为mdev创建配置文件

[root@localhost nfs]# gedit etc/mdev.conf

内容是：空

[root@localhost nfs]# ll etc/

总计 60

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  117 05-11 19:28 fstab

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   14 05-11 20:09 group

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 05-11 20:04 init.d

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  184 05-11 19:33 inittab

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 05-11 20:09 mdev.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   30 05-11 20:07 passwd

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  801 05-11 19:42 proflie

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   59 05-11 20:08 shadow

删除备份文件

[root@localhost nfs]# rm

复制常用的库文件

编写脚本文件copy_lib.sh

[root@localhost nfs]# gedit copy_lib.sh

文件内容如下：

#!/bin/bash

#You should put this file cp.sh in /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/arm-linux/lib/

ROOTFS_LIB=/tmp/nfs/lib/

for file in libc libcrypt libdl libm libpthread libresolv libutil

do

cp $file-*.so ${ROOTFS_LIB}

cp -d $file.so.[*0-9] ${ROOTFS_LIB}

done

cp -d ld*.so* ${ROOTFS_LIB}

[root@localhost nfs]# ll copy_lib.sh

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 303 05-11 20:18 copy_lib.sh

[root@localhost nfs]# chmod a+x copy_lib.sh

[root@localhost nfs]# cp copy_lib.sh /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/arm-linux/lib/

[root@localhost nfs]# cd /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/arm-linux/lib/

[root@localhost lib]# ./copy_lib.sh

[root@localhost lib]# cd -

/tmp/nfs

[root@localhost nfs]# ll lib

总计 2516

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  131480 05-11 20:19 ld-2.3.2.so

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      11 05-11 20:19 ld-linux.so.2 -> ld-2.3.2.so

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1560352 05-11 20:19 libc-2.3.2.so

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   30155 05-11 20:19 libcrypt-2.3.2.so

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      17 05-11 20:19 libcrypt.so.1 -> libcrypt-2.3.2.so

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      13 05-11 20:19 libc.so.6 -> libc-2.3.2.so

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   15736 05-11 20:19 libdl-2.3.2.so

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      14 05-11 20:19 libdl.so.2 -> libdl-2.3.2.so

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  546854 05-11 20:19 libm-2.3.2.so

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      13 05-11 20:19 libm.so.6 -> libm-2.3.2.so

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   97975 05-11 20:19 libpthread-0.10.so

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      18 05-11 20:19 libpthread.so.0 -> libpthread-0.10.so

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   81495 05-11 20:19 libresolv-2.3.2.so

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      18 05-11 20:19 libresolv.so.2 -> libresolv-2.3.2.so

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   13689 05-11 20:19 libutil-2.3.2.so

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      16 05-11 20:19 libutil.so.1 -> libutil-2.3.2.so

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 05-11 11:23 modules

[root@localhost nfs]#

至此，一个基本的根文件系统（通过NFS挂载）构建完成。

完整的启动过程（u-boot、内核、文件系统）

编辑/etc/xinetd.d/tftp文件

[root@localhost Desktop]# gedit /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

tftp文件内容如下：

1       # default: off

 2       # description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \

 3       #       protocol.  The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \

 4       #       workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \

 5       #       and to start the installation process for some operating systems.

 6       service tftp

 7       {

 8              socket_type              = dgram

 9              protocol              = udp

10              wait                     = yes

11              user                     = root

12              server                     = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd

13              server_args              = -s /tftpboot

14              disable              = no

15              per_source              = 11

16              cps                     = 100 2

17              flags                     = IPv4

18       }

重启tftp服务器

[root@localhost opt]# service xinetd restart

停止 xinetd：                                              [确定]

启动 xinetd：                                              [确定]

编辑/etc/exports文件

[root@localhost Desktop]# gedit /etc/exports

exports文件内容如下：

/tmp/nfs *(rw,sync,no_root_squash)

重启NFS服务器

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# service nfs restart

关闭 NFS mountd：                                          [确定]

关闭 NFS 守护进程：                                        [确定]

关闭 NFS quotas：                                           [确定]

关闭 NFS 服务：                                            [确定]

启动 NFS 服务：                                            [确定]

关掉 NFS 配额：                                            [确定]

启动 NFS 守护进程：                                        [确定]

启动 NFS mountd：                                          [确定]

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# exportfs

/tmp/nfs       

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]#  exportfs -ra

完整的启动过程（u-boot、内核、文件系统、用户程序），使用NFS文件系统

**************************** WARNING **********************************

If you want to run ELF image, you should use -e option to indicate

your elf-format image filename. Or you only want to run binary image,

you need to set the filename of the image and its entry in skyeye.conf.

***********************************************************************

……                     //部分启动信息省略

Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0

OK2410 # run bootcmd

TFTP from server 10.0.0.1; our IP address is 10.0.0.110

Filename 'uImage'.

Load address: 0x31000000

Loading: checksum bad

checksum bad

#################################################################

         #################################################################

         #################################################################

         ################################

done

Bytes transferred = 1161416 (11b8c8 hex)

## Booting image at 31000000 ...

   Image Name:   linux-2.6.14.7

   Created:      2009-05-24  11:22:39 UTC

   Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)

   Data Size:    1161352 Bytes =  1.1 MB

   Load Address: 30008000

   Entry Point:  30008000

   Verifying Checksum ... OK

OK

 

Starting kernel ...

 

Uncompressing Linux.......................................................................... done, booting the kernel.

Linux version 2.6.14.7 ([email protected]) (gcc version 3.4.1) #6 Sun May 24 19:22:08 CST 2009

CPU: ARM920Tid(wb) [41009200] revision 0 (ARMvundefined/unknown)

Machine: SMDK2410

Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback

CPU S3C2410 (id 0x32410000)

S3C2410: core 202.800 MHz, memory 101.400 MHz, peripheral 50.700 MHz

S3C2410 Clocks, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics

CLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on

CPU0: D VIVT write-back cache

CPU0: I cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets

CPU0: D cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets

Built 1 zonelists

Kernel command line: noinitrd root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=10.0.0.1:/tmp/nfs ip=10.0.0.110:10.0.0.1:10.0.0.1:255.255.255.0 init=linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200  mem=64M

……                     //部分启动信息省略

Memory: 64MB = 64MB total

Memory: 62464KB available (1888K code, 393K data, 92K init)

……                     //部分启动信息省略

JFFS version 1.0, (C) 1999, 2000  Axis Communications AB

JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) (C) 2001-2003 Red Hat, Inc.

yaffs May 24 2009 19:21:42 Installing.

Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 80x25

fb0: Virtual frame buffer device, using 1024K of video memory

……                     //部分启动信息省略

RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize

Cirrus Logic CS8900A driver for Linux (Modified for SMDK2410)

eth0: CS8900A rev D at 0xe0000300 irq=53, no eeprom , addr: 08: 0:3E:26:0A:5B

S3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics

s3c2410-nand: mapped registers at c4980000

s3c2410-nand: timing: Tacls 10ns, Twrph0 30ns, Twrph1 10ns

NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0x76 (Samsung NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit)

NAND_ECC_NONE selected by board driver. This is not recommended !!

Scanning device for bad blocks

Bad eraseblock 7 at 0x0001c000

Creating 4 MTD partitions on "NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit":

0x00000000-0x00100000 : "bootloader"

0x00100000-0x00400000 : "kernel"

0x00400000-0x02c00000 : "root"

0x02d00000-0x03c00000 : "user"

mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice

NET: Registered protocol family 2

……                     //部分启动信息省略

IP-Config: Complete:

      device=eth0, addr=10.0.0.110, mask=255.255.255.0, gw=10.0.0.1,

     host=10.0.0.110, domain=, nis-domain=(none),

     bootserver=10.0.0.1, rootserver=10.0.0.1, rootpath=

Looking up port of RPC 100003/2 on 10.0.0.1

Looking up port of RPC 100005/1 on 10.0.0.1

VFS: Mounted root (nfs filesystem).

Mounted devfs on /dev

Freeing init memory: 92K

#mount all.......

******************************************************************

                   OK 2410 Rootfs made by liminmin, 2011.5.16

******************************************************************

liminmin login: root

login[25]: root login on 'console'

 

Processing /etc/profile... Set search library path in /etc/profile

Set user path in /etc/profile

Configure net done

All Done

 

[root@liminmin /root]# printenv

USER=root

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/lib:/usr/lib

HOME=/root

PS1=[\u@\h \W]\$

LOGNAME=root

TERM=vt102

PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin

HISTSIZE=100

SHELL=/bin/sh

PWD=/root

[root@liminmin /root]# ifconfig

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:00:3E:26:0A:5B 

          inet addr:10.0.0.110  Bcast:10.0.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0

          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

          RX packets:1826 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

          TX packets:730 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

          RX bytes:2386884 (2.2 MiB)  TX bytes:116644 (113.9 KiB)

          Interrupt:53 Base address:0x300

 

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback 

          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0

          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1

          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

 

[root@liminmin /root]# ping -c 2 10.0.0.1

PING 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1): 56 data bytes

64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.034 ms

64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.021 ms

 

--- 10.0.0.1 ping statistics ---

2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max = 0.021/0.027/0.034 ms

[root@liminmin /root]# ll

-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         8044 May 14  2009 test    //该文件在宿主机通过交叉编译器编译

-rw-r--r--    1 root     root          284 May 14  2009 test.c    //该文件在宿主机编辑

[root@liminmin /root]# ./test

===== main =====

Hello world!

argv[0]=./test

==== exit main ====

[root@liminmin /root]# ./test as sdfasdf asdfasf

===== main =====

Hello world!

argv[0]=./test

argv[1]=as

argv[2]=sdfasdf

argv[3]=asdfasf

==== exit main ====

[root@liminmin /root]# less test.c                       //查看文件内容

#include

#include

 

int main (int argc,char* argv[])

{

    int i;

    printf("===== main =====\n");

    printf ("Hello world!\n");

    for(i=0;i

    {

        printf("argv[%d]=%s\n",i,argv[i]);

    }

    printf("==== exit main ====\n");

    return 0;

}

[root@liminmin /root]#

完整的启动过程（u-boot、内核、文件系统），使用/dev/mtdblock2中的文件系统创建cramfs文件系统

[root@localhost tmp]# pwd

/tmp

[root@localhost tmp]# mkfs.cramfs nfs ok2410.cramfs

[root@localhost tmp]# ll ok2410.cramfs

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2199552 05-13 08:18 ok2410.cramfs

复制ok2410.cramfs到tftp服务器根目录

[root@localhost tmp]# cp ok2410.cramfs /tftpboot/

执行skyeye1.2.6，启动系统

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# pwd

/root/Desktop/u-boot-1.1.4

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# skyeye1.2.6

**************************** WARNING **********************************

If you want to run ELF image, you should use -e option to indicate

your elf-format image filename. Or you only want to run binary image,

you need to set the filename of the image and its entry in skyeye.conf.

***********************************************************************

……                     //部分启动信息省略

Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0

OK2410 # tftp 0x31000000 ok2410.cramfs

TFTP from server 10.0.0.1; our IP address is 10.0.0.110

Filename 'ok2410.cramfs'.

Load address: 0x31000000

Loading: checksum bad

############checksum bad

#####################################################

         #################################################################

         #################################################################

         #################################################################

         #################################################################

         #################################################################

         #######################################

done

Bytes transferred = 2195456 (218000 hex)

OK2410 # nand erase 400000 300000

 

NAND erase: device 0 offset 4194304, size 3145728 ... OK

OK2410 # nand write 31000000 400000 0x218000

 

NAND write: device 0 offset 4194304, size 2195456 ...  2195456 bytes written: OK

OK2410 # setenv bootargs noinitrd mem=64M root=/dev/mtdblock2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200

OK2410 # run bootcmd

……                     //启动信息省略

 

 

错误：按照书上说的去做，基本上不会出错，如果出错，一定是因为自己粗心大意。多做几遍，熟能生巧！

 

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