主流.Net的IOC框架性能测试比较
有人希望能有个性能上的测试，考虑到有那么多的IOC框架，而主流的有：Castle Windsor、微软企业库中的Unity、Spring.NET、StructureMap、Ninject等等。本篇文章主要针对这些IOC框架编写测试程序。
Autofac下载地址：http://code.google.com/p/autofac/
Castle Windsor下载地址：http://sourceforge.net/projects/castleproject/files/Windsor/2.5/Castle.Windsor.2.5.3.zip/download
Unity下载地址：http://entlib.codeplex.com/
Spring.NET下载地址：http://www.springframework.net/
StructureMap下载地址：http://sourceforge.net/projects/structuremap/files/
Ninject下载地址：http://ninject.org/download
其中，测试程序均采用最新的类库。
基础工作
1、程序还是引用上一篇的示例作为测试背景。
2、编写一个性能计数器，这里我采用老赵写的一个CodeTimer的类，具体介绍见：http://www.cnblogs.com/JeffreyZhao/archive/2009/03/10/codetimer.html
使用方式类似于：
CodeTimer.Time( " String Concat " , iteration, () => { s += " a " ; });
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
CodeTimer.Time( " StringBuilder " , iteration, () => { sb.Append( " a " ); });
3、编写一个IRunner运行接口：
{
void Start(RunType runType);
}
以及RunnerBase抽象基础运行类：
{
private int _iteration = Convert.ToInt32(System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings[ " Iteration " ] ?? " 10000 " );
internal int Iteration
{
get { return _iteration; }
}
internal void Time(Action action)
{
CodeTimer.Time(Name, Iteration, action);
}
protected abstract string Name { get ; }
}
这里_iteration表示测试运行次数，通过配置文件来设置值。Time方法通过计数器对action方法进行Iteration次迭代。
编写一个RunManager的运行管理器：
{
public static void Start(IRunner runner)
{
Start(runner, RunType.Transient);
}
public static void Start(IRunner runner, RunType runType)
{
runner.Start(runType);
}
}
在测试中，我采用两种方式的性能比较，一个是单例状态，一个是非单例状态：
/// 运行状态
/// </summary>
public enum RunType
{
/// <summary>
/// 单例
/// </summary>
Singleton,
/// <summary>
/// 瞬时
/// </summary>
Transient
}
好了，现在我的程序只要继承RunnerBase以及IRunnre接口，就可以实现各个IOC框架的初始化装配的工作了。基础工作已经做好。
各个IOC框架测试程序
1、Autofac：
{
protected override string Name
{
get { return " Autofac " ; }
}
public void Start(RunType runType)
{
var builder = new ContainerBuilder();
// if (runType == RunType.Singleton)
// builder.RegisterType<DatabaseManager>().SingleInstance();
// else
// builder.RegisterType<DatabaseManager>();
// builder.RegisterType<SqlDatabase>().As<IDatabase>();
/// /builder.RegisterModule(new ConfigurationSettingsReader("autofac"));
builder.RegisterType < SqlDatabase > ().As < IDatabase > ();
if (runType == RunType.Singleton)
builder.Register(c => new DatabaseManager(c.Resolve < IDatabase > ())).SingleInstance();
else
builder.Register(c => new DatabaseManager(c.Resolve < IDatabase > ()));
var container = builder.Build();
Time(() =>
{
var manager = container.Resolve < DatabaseManager > ();
manager.Search( " SELECT * FROM USER " );
});
container.Dispose();
}
}
2、Castle Windsor：
{
protected override string Name
{
get { return " Castle Windsor " ; }
}
public void Start(RunType runType)
{
var container = new WindsorContainer();
if (runType == RunType.Singleton)
container.Register(Component.For( typeof (DatabaseManager)).LifeStyle.Singleton);
else
container.Register(Component.For( typeof (DatabaseManager)).LifeStyle.Transient);
container.Register(Component.For( typeof (IDatabase)).ImplementedBy( typeof (SqlDatabase)));
Time(() =>
{
var manager = container.Resolve < DatabaseManager > ();
manager.Search( " SELECT * FROM USER " );
});
}
}
3、Unity：
{
protected override string Name
{
get { return " Unity " ; }
}
public void Start(RunType runType)
{
var container = new UnityContainer();
if (runType == RunType.Singleton)
container.RegisterType < DatabaseManager > ( new ContainerControlledLifetimeManager());
else
container.RegisterType < DatabaseManager > ( new TransientLifetimeManager());
container.RegisterType < IDatabase, SqlDatabase > ();
Time(() =>
{
var manager = container.Resolve < DatabaseManager > ();
manager.Search( " SELECT * FROM USER " );
});
}
}
4、Spring.NET：
{
protected override string Name
{
get { return " Spring.NET " ; }
}
public void Start(RunType runType)
{
string databaseManagerName;
if (runType == RunType.Singleton)
databaseManagerName = " DatabaseManager_Singleton " ;
else
databaseManagerName = " DatabaseManager_Transient " ;
Time(() =>
{
IApplicationContext context = ContextRegistry.GetContext();
var manager = (DatabaseManager)context.GetObject(databaseManagerName);
manager.Search( " SELECT * FROM USER " );
});
}
}
5、StructureMap：
{
protected override string Name
{
get { return " StructureMap " ; }
}
public void Start(RunType runType)
{
ObjectFactory.Initialize(container =>
{
if (runType == RunType.Singleton)
container.ForRequestedType < DatabaseManager > ().Singleton();
else
container.ForRequestedType < DatabaseManager > ();
container.ForRequestedType < IDatabase > ().TheDefaultIsConcreteType < SqlDatabase > ();
});
Time(() =>
{
var manager = ObjectFactory.GetInstance < DatabaseManager > ();
manager.Search( " SELECT * FROM USER " );
});
}
}
6、Ninject：
{
protected override string Name
{
get { return " Ninject " ; }
}
public void Start(RunType runType)
{
IKernel kernel = new StandardKernel( new MyNinjectModule(runType));
Time(() =>
{
var manager = kernel.Get < DatabaseManager > ();
manager.Search( " SELECT * FROM USER " );
});
}
}
客户端测试程序
{
CodeTimer.Initialize();
Console.WriteLine( " IOC - Singleton " );
// Autofac Singleton
RunManager.Start( new AutofacRunner(), RunType.Singleton);
// Castle Windsor
RunManager.Start( new WindsorRunner(), RunType.Singleton);
// Unity
RunManager.Start( new UnityRunner(), RunType.Singleton);
// Spring.NET
RunManager.Start( new SpringRunner(), RunType.Singleton);
// StructureMap
RunManager.Start( new StructureMapRunner(), RunType.Singleton);
// Ninject
RunManager.Start( new NinjectRunner(), RunType.Singleton);
Console.WriteLine( " =================================== " );
Console.WriteLine( " IOC - Transient " );
// Autofac Singleton
RunManager.Start( new AutofacRunner(), RunType.Transient);
// Castle Windsor
RunManager.Start( new WindsorRunner(), RunType.Transient);
// Unity
RunManager.Start( new UnityRunner(), RunType.Transient);
// Spring.NET
RunManager.Start( new SpringRunner(), RunType.Transient);
// StructureMap
RunManager.Start( new StructureMapRunner(), RunType.Transient);
// Ninject
RunManager.Start( new NinjectRunner(), RunType.Transient);
Console.ReadKey();
}
通过修改App.config的Iteration配置值，来设置迭代次数。
< add key ="Iteration" value ="100000" />
</ appSettings >
运行结果
1、Iteration=1000：
分析：在千数量级时，Autofac，CastleWindsor、StructureMap基本差不多，效率上比其他的要高。
2、Iteration=10000：
分析：在万数量级时，Autofac，CastleWindsor，StructureMap基本效率还是差不多，其中StructureMap效率稍稍有些下降；Spring.NET以及Ninject的性能比较低。
3、Iteration=100000：
分析：在十万数量级时，CastleWindsor的效率开始下降，而在Transient方面，StructureMap和Autofac基本差不多。
4、Iteration=1000000：
分析：在百万数量级时，Autofac和StructureMap两者还是保持比较高的效率，并且在Transient方面，StructureMap已经超过了Autofac。
总结：从测试中，可以看出Autofac和StructureMap在性能上面还是体现出比较大的优势，Ninject可以说性能上较低。而Spring.NET不仅仅专注于IOC方面，它还专注于其他方方面面的功能，所以在IOC方面的性能不是太高。另外，微软的Unity中规中矩，性能较为稳定，也是一个不错的选择。另外，可能测试程序会有所偏差，希望大家也能够指出问题！