1)提升性能。创建和消耗对象费时费CPU资源
2)防止内存过度消耗。控制活动线程的数量,防止并发线程过多。
我们来看一下线程池的简单的构造
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize, long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit, BlockingQueue workQueue, ThreadFactory threadFactory, RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {...}使用上面的方式创建线程池的话,我们需要配置一堆东西,非常麻烦,所以我们不建议这么使用。 而是推荐使用Executors的工厂方法来创建线程池,Executors类是官方提供的一个工厂类,它里面封装好了众多功能不一样的线程池。下面就介绍几个常用的线程池。
public ThreadPoolExecutor( //核心线程数,除非allowCoreThreadTimeOut被设置为true,否则它闲着也不会死 int corePoolSize, //最大线程数,活动线程数量超过它,后续任务就会排队 int maximumPoolSize, //超时时长,作用于非核心线程(allowCoreThreadTimeOut被设置为true时也会同时作用于核心线程),闲置超时便被回收 long keepAliveTime, //枚举类型,设置keepAliveTime的单位,有TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS(ms)、TimeUnit. SECONDS(s)等 TimeUnit unit, //缓冲任务队列,线程池的execute方法会将Runnable对象存储起来 BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue, //线程工厂接口,只有一个new Thread(Runnable r)方法,可为线程池创建新线程 ThreadFactory threadFactory)
public static ExecutorService newFixThreadPool(int nThreads){ return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads, 0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()); } //使用 Executors.newFixThreadPool(5).execute(r);
public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool(int nThreads){ return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 60L, TimeUnit. SECONDS, new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>()); } //使用 Executors.newCachedThreadPool().execute(r);
public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadPool (int nThreads){ return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService ( new ThreadPoolExecutor (1, 1, 0, TimeUnit. MILLISECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()) ); } //使用 Executors.newSingleThreadPool ().execute(r);
public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(int corePoolSize){ return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize); } public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize){ super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, NANOSECONDS, new DelayedQueue ()); } //使用,延迟1秒执行,每隔2秒执行一次Runnable r Executors. newScheduledThreadPool (5).scheduleAtFixedRate(r, 1000, 2000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
ExecutorService priorityThreadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(3,3,0L,TimeUnit.SECONDS,new PriorityBlockingQueue());
public abstract class PriorityRunnable implements Runnable, Comparable { private int priority; public PriorityRunnable(int priority) { if (priority 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException(); this.priority = priority; } @Override public int compareTo(PriorityRunnable another) { int my = this.getPriority(); int other = another.getPriority(); return my 1 : my > other ? -1 : 0; } @Override public void run() { doSth(); } public abstract void doSth(); public int getPriority() { return priority; } }
ExecutorService priorityThreadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(3, 3, 0L, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new PriorityBlockingQueue()); for (int i = 1; i 10; i++) { final int priority = i; priorityThreadPool.execute(new PriorityRunnable(priority) { @Override public void doSth() { String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName(); Log.v("zxy", "线程:" + threadName + ",正在执行优先级为:" + priority + "的任务"); try { Thread.sleep(2000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); }