我们仅仅用了大脑的10%吗

许多声称开发大脑潜能的广告都会引用这个说辞,即“我们人类仅仅用了大脑的10%,还有90%的潜力等待开发。如果你用了我的方法,你那90%就会如何如何......”

这个说法的起源据说来自著名心理学学家威廉.詹姆斯(William James)(也就是我在《当神童走向成年》一书中提到的小西迪斯父亲的老师)。他在1908年讲过一段话,人类只用了自己潜能的一小部分(We are making use of only a small part of our possible mental and physical resources)。这句话后来成为销售人员的座右铭。他们需要以此来激励自己。

从激励自己的角度,这句话无可厚非。勇气与坚持的确能够挖掘出人的潜力,让人更加成功。

但是,用在大脑开发上,智力开发上,这句话就缺乏科学依据了,尤其随着脑科学的进步,这个说法最终被证明是错误的。

《科学美国人》的文章(附在文后)认为,我们的大脑一天24小时之内各个脑区用了个遍,不存在某个脑区没用的情况。只是在某一特定时刻,比如睡觉的时候,可能只有部分脑区在活动。正因为由于大脑神经活动频繁,消耗能量大,因此大脑虽说只占人体体重的3%,却用了身体20%的能量。

这篇文章可以促使我们思考,人的潜能从哪里来?

我们是做一个拓荒者,去开发所谓大脑中的神秘地带,唤醒所谓的神奇脑力(听着有点科幻..),

还是做一个深耕细作者,在现有的科学框架内,对孩子实施正常的教育?

对此话题感兴趣的朋友可参考下列英文资源:

http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/tenper.html

http://brainconnection.positscience.com/

http://www.csicop.org/si/9903/ten-percent-myth.html

Do People Only Use 10 Percent Of Their Brains?

人仅仅用了大脑的10%吗?

译文来自天星教育网

What's the matter with only exploiting a portion of our gray matter?

仅仅只开发我们大脑潜能的10%会是什么结果?

The human brain is complex. Along with performing millions of mundane acts, it composes concertos, issues manifestos and comes up with elegant solutions to equations. It's the wellspring of all human feelings, behaviors, experiences as well as the repository of memory and self-awareness. So it's no surprise that the brain remains a mystery unto itself.

人脑很复杂,我们用大脑除了完成许许多多的日常事务外,还谱写协奏曲,发布宣言以及算出漂亮的方程解。大脑不仅是我们人类所有的感情、行为、经验的源泉,它也是我们记忆和自我感知的“宝库”,因此大脑本身仍然是个谜就毫不奇怪了。

Adding to that mystery is the contention that humans "only" employ 10 percent of their brain. If only regular folk could tap that other 90 percent, they too could become savants who remember π to the twenty-thousandth decimal place or perhaps even have telekinetic powers.

除了大脑本身就是个谜之外,还有一种论断称人类“仅仅”只利用了大脑的10%。如果普通人只要能开发大脑另外的90%, 那么他们也能变成记住π小数点后2000位的专家,甚至或者他们可能具有心灵遥感的能力。

Though an alluring idea, the "10 percent myth" is so wrong it is almost laughable, says neurologist Barry Gordon at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore. Although there's no definitive culprit to pin the blame on for starting this legend, the notion has been linked to the American psychologist and author William James, who argued in The Energies of Men that "We are making use of only a small part of our possible mental and physical resources." It's also been associated with to Albert Einstein, who supposedly used it to explain his cosmic towering intellect.

来自巴尔的摩约翰·霍普金斯医学院(Johns Hopkins School of Medicine)的神经专家Barry Gordon说,虽然人们只使用大脑10%的潜能的提法非常诱人,但是这个“10% 谜”非常错,简直就是可笑。虽然对这个提法找不到确定的“元凶”,但是人们把这个提法与美国的心理学家兼作者William James联系起来,William James在他的著作《人的能量》(The Energies of Men)称“我们仅仅只利用了我们潜在的心理和体力资源的一小部分。”这个提法也和阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦有关(Albert Einstein),据说他曾用这个说法来解释他超常的智力。

The myth's durability, Gordon says, stems from people's conceptions about their own brains: they see their own shortcomings as evidence of the existence of untapped gray matter. This is a false assumption. What is correct, however, is that at certain moments in anyone's life, such as when we are simply at rest and thinking, we may be using only 10 percent of our brains.

Gordon说,这个“谜”之所以经久不衰的原因在于人们对他们自身大脑所持有的观念:他们认为他们自身的缺点就是大脑潜能存在的证据。这是一个错误的假设。真实的情况是,在任何人的生活中的某些时候,比如我们休息和思考的时候,我们可能仅仅只用到我们10%的大脑。

from 萧愚:换一个角度看教育

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